scholarly journals Emerging zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials for bone regeneration

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Fang ◽  
Daoyu Zhu ◽  
Qianhao Yang ◽  
Yixuan Chen ◽  
Changqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Original Form ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Inorganic Structure

AbstractBone is one of the most sophisticated and dynamic tissues in the human body, and is characterized by its remarkable potential for regeneration. In most cases, bone has the capacity to be restored to its original form with homeostatic functionality after injury without any remaining scarring. Throughout the fascinating processes of bone regeneration, a plethora of cell lineages and signaling molecules, together with the extracellular matrix, are precisely regulated at multiple length and time scales. However, conditions, such as delayed unions (or nonunion) and critical-sized bone defects, represent thorny challenges for orthopedic surgeons. During recent decades, a variety of novel biomaterials have been designed to mimic the organic and inorganic structure of the bone microenvironment, which have tremendously promoted and accelerated bone healing throughout different stages of bone regeneration. Advances in tissue engineering endowed bone scaffolds with phenomenal osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, vascularization and neurotization effects as well as alluring properties, such as antibacterial effects. According to the dimensional structure and functional mechanism, these biomaterials are categorized as zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional biomaterials. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the astounding advances in emerging biomaterials for bone regeneration by categorizing them as zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials, which were further elucidated by typical examples. Hopefully, this review will provide some inspiration for the future design of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Graphical abstract

HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lalita El Milla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Materials Used

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.

(NH4)[B3PO6(OH)3]·0.5H2O

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. i185-i185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jingtai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Network ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Bond Network ◽  
Solvothermal Conditions

The title compound, ammonium catena-[monoboro-monodihydrogendiborate-monohydrogenphosphate] hemihydrate, was obtained under solvothermal conditions using glycol as the solvent. The crystal structure is constructed of one-dimensional infinite borophosphate chains, which are interconnected by ammonium ions and water molecules via a complex hydrogen-bond network to form a three-dimensional structure. The water molecules of crystallization are disordered over inversion centres, and their H atoms were not located.

Mineralized Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

The limitation of orthopedic fractures and large bone defects treatments has brought the focus on fabricating bone grafts that could enhance ostegenesis and vascularization in-vitro. Developing biomimetic materials such as mineralized nanofibers that can provide three-dimensional templates of the natural bone extracellular-matrix is one of the most promising alternative for bone regeneration. Understanding the interactions between the structure of the scaffolds and cells and therefore the control cellular pathways are critical for developing functional bone grafts. In order to enhance bone regeneration, the engineered scaffold needs to mimic the characteristics of composite bone ECM. This chapter reviews the fabrication of and fabrication techniques for fabricating biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition, the chapter covers design criteria for developing the scaffolds and examples of enhanced osteogenic differentiation outcomes by fabricating biomimetic scaffolds.

Assembled structures of tetrakis(biimidazole)dirhodium complexes hydrogen-bonded with common inorganic anions

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Long ◽  
Kazuhiro Uemura ◽  
Masahiro Ebihara
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inorganic Anions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Discrete Structure ◽  
Torsion Angles ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Dirhodium Complexes

Eight new structures of dirhodium complexes, each with four biimidazole (H2bim) ligands, were obtained: [Rh2(H2bim)4(H2O)2](NO3)4·4H2O (I), [Rh2(H2bim)4(H2O)2](ClO4)4·5H2O (II), [Rh2(H2bim)4(MeOH)2](ClO4)4(III), [Rh2(H2bim)4(DMF)2](BF4)4(IV), [Rh2(H2bim)4(Mepy)2](SiF6)2·8H2O (V), [{Rh2(H2bim)4(pz)}2(μ-pz)](SiF6)(ClO4)6·12.7H2O (VI), [{Rh2(H2bim)4(pz)}2(μ-pz)](ClO4)8·11.4H2O (VII) and [Rh2(H2bim)4(μ-pz)](SiF6)2·6H2O (VIII). The unbridged Rh—Rh bond distances range between 2.6313 (8) and 2.7052 (5) Å. The dirhodium units adopt a staggered conformation with torsion angles N—Rh—Rh—N of 37.6 (4)–48.98 (8)°. Various assembled structures were constructed by hydrogen bonding between the complexes and the anions: a discrete structure in (IV), one-dimensional structure in (II), two-dimensional structures in (I), (III), (VI), (VII) and (VIII) and a three-dimensional structure in (V).

scholarly journals A Nanofiber Mat With Dual Bioactive Components and a Biomimetic Matrix Structure for Improving Osteogenesis Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadi Han ◽  
Xiaofeng Shen ◽  
Sihao Chen ◽  
Xiuhui Wang ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Cell Growth And Migration ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

The challenge of effectively regenerating bone tissue through tissue engineering technology is that most tissue engineering scaffolds cannot imitate the three-dimensional structure and function of the natural extracellular matrix. Herein, we have prepared the poly(L-lactic acid)–based dual bioactive component reinforced nanofiber mats which were named as poly(L-lactic acid)/bovine serum albumin/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/BSA/nHAp) with dual bioactive components by combining homogeneous blending and electrospinning technology. The results showed that these nanofiber mats had sufficient mechanical properties and a porous structure suitable for cell growth and migration. Furthermore, the results of cell experiments in vitro showed that PLLA/BSA/nHAp composite nanofiber mat could preferably stimulate the proliferation of mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3 cells) compared with pure PLLA nanofiber mats. Based on these results, the scaffolds developed in this study are considered to have a great potential to be adhibited as bone repair materials.

Development of HA-PLGA Scaffold Encapsulating Intact BMP-2 Using Solid Freeform Fabrication Technology

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hyung Shim ◽  
Jong Young Kim ◽  
Kyung Shin Kang ◽  
Jung Kyu Park ◽  
Sei Kwang Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Freeform Fabrication

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on restoring and repairing tissues or organs. Cells, scaffolds, and biomolecules are recognized as three main components of tissue engineering. Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technology is required to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds to provide a 3D environment for cellular activity. SFF technology is especially advantageous for achieving a fully interconnected, porous scaffold. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), an important biomolecule, is widely used in bone tissue engineering to enhance bone regeneration activity. However, methods for the direct incorporation of intact BMP-2 within 3D scaffolds are rare. In this work, 3D porous scaffolds with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) chemically grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-PLGA), in which intact BMP-2 was directly encapsulated, were successfully fabricated using SFF technology. BMP-2 was previously protected by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and the BMP-2/PEG complex was incorporated in HA-PLGA using an organic solvent. The HAPLGA/PEG/BMP-2 mixture was dissolved in chloroform and deposited via a multi-head deposition system (MHDS), one type of SFF technology, to fabricate a scaffold for tissue engineering. An additional air blower system and suction were installed in the MHDS for the solvent-based fabrication method. An in vitro evaluation of BMP-2 release was conducted, and prolonged release of intact BMP-2, for up to 28 days, was confirmed. After confirmation of advanced proliferation of pre osteoblasts, a superior differentiation effect of the HA-PLGA/PEG/BMP-2 scaffold was validated by measuring high expression levels of bone-specific markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC). We show that our solvent-based fabrication is a non-toxic method for restoring cellular activity. Moreover, the HAPLGA/PEG/BMP-2 scaffold was effective for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Impact of Four Protein Additives in Cryogels on Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Häussling ◽  
Sebastian Deninger ◽  
Laura Vidoni ◽  
Helen Rinderknecht ◽  
Marc Ruoß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Rgd Peptides

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) have great potential for bone tissue engineering. Cryogels, mimicking the three-dimensional structure of spongy bone, represent ideal carriers for these cells. We developed poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels, containing hydroxyapatite to mimic inorganic bone matrix. Cryogels were additionally supplemented with different types of proteins, namely collagen (Coll), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), immune cells-conditioned medium (CM), and RGD peptides (RGD). The different protein components did not affect scaffolds’ porosity or water-uptake capacity, but altered pore size and stiffness. Stiffness was highest in scaffolds with PRP (82.3 kPa), followed by Coll (55.3 kPa), CM (45.6 kPa), and RGD (32.8 kPa). Scaffolds with PRP, CM, and Coll had the largest pore diameters (~60 µm). Ad-MSCs were osteogenically differentiated on these scaffolds for 14 days. Cell attachment and survival rates were comparable for all four scaffolds. Runx2 and osteocalcin levels only increased in Ad-MSCs on Coll, PRP and CM cryogels. Osterix levels increased slightly in Ad-MSCs differentiated on Coll and PRP cryogels. With differentiation alkaline phosphatase activity decreased under all four conditions. In summary, besides Coll cryogel our PRP cryogel constitutes as an especially suitable carrier for bone tissue engineering. This is of special interest, as this scaffold can be generated with patients’ PRP.

scholarly journals Information-Driven Design as a Potential Approach for 3D Printing of Skeletal Muscle Biomimetic Scaffolds

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1986
Author(s):  
Silvia Baiguera ◽  
Costantino Del Gaudio ◽  
Felicia Carotenuto ◽  
Paolo Di Nardo ◽  
Laura Teodori
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
Experimental Protocols

Severe muscle injuries are a real clinical issue that still needs to be successfully addressed. Tissue engineering can represent a potential approach for this aim, but effective healing solutions have not been developed yet. In this regard, novel experimental protocols tailored to a biomimetic approach can thus be defined by properly systematizing the findings acquired so far in the biomaterials and scaffold manufacturing fields. In order to plan a more comprehensive strategy, the extracellular matrix (ECM), with its properties stimulating neomyogenesis and vascularization, should be considered as a valuable biomaterial to be used to fabricate the tissue-specific three-dimensional structure of interest. The skeletal muscle decellularized ECM can be processed and printed, e.g., by means of stereolithography, to prepare bioactive and biomimetic 3D scaffolds, including both biochemical and topographical features specifically oriented to skeletal muscle regenerative applications. This paper aims to focus on the skeletal muscle tissue engineering sector, suggesting a possible approach to develop instructive scaffolds for a guided healing process.

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