Perceived changes of specific attitudes, perceptions and behaviors during the Corona pandemic and their relation to wellbeing

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people had to cope with the restrictions of the lockdown, leaving them to their fears, insecurity and isolation. On the other hand, due to the unexpected ‘extra time’ there was room for new experiences and for personal reflections on what is essential in life, to perceive nature and relations more consciously etc. We, therefore, intended to analyze perceived changes of attitudes and behaviors during the time of lockdown, and whether these perceptions would contribute to personal wellbeing during the pandemic. Methods An anonym cross-sectional online survey was performed for data collection, using standardized questionnaires, i.e., the WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5), Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale (BMLSS), Awe/Gratitude scale (GrAw-7), and the newly developed Perceived Changes Questionnaire (PCQ). Results Within the number of respondents (n = 1277), women were predominating (67.5%). Participants’ mean age was 50.9 ± 14.9 years. Exploratory factor analyses showed that the 24-item Perceived Changes Questionnaire differentiated five factors that would account for 61% of variance: (1) Nature/Silence/Contemplation (Cronbach’s alpha = .87), (2) Spirituality (Cronbach’s alpha = .83), (3) Relationships (Cronbach’s alpha = .80), (4) Reflection on life (Cronbach’s alpha = .74), (5) Digital media usage (Cronbach’s alpha = .74). Strongest changes were observed for Relationships and Nature/Silence/Contemplation. Perceived changes were stronger among older persons, among persons with higher wellbeing, and among those who relied on their faith as a resource. These changes were predicted best by a person’s perception of wondering awe in distinct situations with subsequent feelings of gratitude. Stepwise regression analyzes revealed that participants’ wellbeing was explained best by low perceived burden and high life satisfaction (R2 = .46). Awe/gratitude, perceived changes in terms of Nature/Silence/Contemplation and low Reflections of live are further variables that would predict a person’s wellbeing among the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions During the Corona pandemic, people tried to find ways to adapt to the outcomes of the restrictions. The perceived changes of attitudes and behaviors can be interpreted in terms of a reappraisal strategy. These can be measured with the extended version of the PCQ which was found to have good quality indices and a plausible factor structure. The reported changes contribute to persons’ wellbeing only to some extend, indicating that they represent an independent quality of relevance in peoples’ life.

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Perceived changes of specific attitudes, perceptions and behaviors during the Corona pandemic and their relation to wellbeing

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107651/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arndt Büssing ◽

Daniela Rodrigues Recchia ◽

Rudolf Hein ◽

Thomas Dienberg

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Digital Media ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Personal Reflections

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people had to cope with the restrictions of the lockdown, leaving them to their fears, insecurity and isolation. On the other hand, due to the unexpected ‘extra time’ there was room for new experiences and for personal reflections on what is essential in life, to perceive nature and relations more consciously etc. We, therefore, intended to analyze perceived changes of attitudes and behaviors during the time of lockdown, and whether these perceptions would contribute to personal wellbeing during the pandemic.Method An anonym cross-sectional online survey was performed for data collection, using standardized questionnaires, i.e., the WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5), Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale (BMLSS), Awe/Gratitude scale (GrAw-7), and the newly developed Perceived Changes Questionnaire (PCQ).Results Within the number of respondents (n=1,277), women were predominating (67.5%). Participants´ mean age was 50.9 ± 14.9 years. Exploratory factor analyses showed that the 24-item Perceived Changes Questionnaire differentiated five factors that would account for 61% of variance: 1) Nature / Silence / Contemplation (Cronbach´s alpha =.87), 2) Spirituality (Cronbach´s alpha =.83), 3) Relationships (Cronbach´s alpha =.80), 4) Reflection on life (Cronbach´s alpha =.74), 5) Digital media usage (Cronbach´s alpha =.74). Strongest changes were observed for Relationships and Nature / Silence / Contemplation. Perceived changes were stronger among older persons, among persons with higher wellbeing, and among those who relied on their faith as a resource. These changes were predicted best by a person´s perception of wondering awe in distinct situations with subsequent feelings of gratitude. Stepwise regression analyzes revealed that participants´ wellbeing was explained best by low perceived burden and high life satisfaction (R2=.46). Awe/gratitude, perceived changes in terms of Nature / Silence / Contemplation and low Reflections of live are further variables that would predict a person´s wellbeing among the COVID-19 pandemic,Conclusions During the Corona pandemic, people tried to find ways to adapt to the outcomes of the restrictions. The perceived changes of attitudes and behaviors can be interpreted in terms of a reappraisal strategy. These can be measured with the extended version of the PCQ which was found to have good quality indices and a plausible factor structure. The reported changes contribute to persons´ wellbeing only to some extend, indicating that they represent an independent quality of relevance in peoples´ life.

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Dynamics of Perceived Positive Changes and Indicators of Well-Being Within Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Arndt Büssing ◽

Daniela Rodrigues Recchia ◽

Thomas Dienberg ◽

Janusz Surzykiewicz ◽

Klaus Baumann

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Digital Media ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Media Usage ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Health Communities ◽

Second Wave

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people reported about fears, depressive states, and phases of loneliness. However, there have also been positively experienced changes in terms of awareness of nature, reflection of life, more intensive relationships, meaningful digital media usage to connect with others, and interest in spirituality. We were interested in the dynamics of these indicators directly after the first lockdown, the summer months and during the second wave of the pandemic with its second lockdown, and how they relate to the perceived restrictions, fears, and worries.Method: Survey with standardized questionnaires, i.e., Perceived Changes Questionnaire, WHO-Five Well-being Index, Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale, Awe/Gratitude scale. Participants were categorized as cohort 1 (June 2020; n = 1,333), cohort 2 (July to September 2020, n = 823), and cohort three (October 2020 to January 2021, n = 625).Results: Participants perceived changes in specific attitudes and behaviors, which have impacted their well-being and life satisfaction. Compared to their experiences directly after the first wave of the pandemic (cohort 1), well-being (Hedge's g = 0.83) and life satisfaction (g = 0.63) decreased during the second wave (cohort 3) and participants' stressors increased (g = −0.94). At the same time, positive perceptions such as Nature/Silence/Contemplation (g = 0.67), Spirituality (g = 0.62), Relationships (g = 0.55), and Digital media usage declined (g = 0.31), but not Reflections on life (g = −0.03). In cohort 3, the proportion of persons relying on their faith as a strong hold was declining also in nominally religious persons. Awe/Gratitude was among the best predictors of perceived positive changes, indicating a resource which is nevertheless declining during the second wave of the pandemic (g = 0.60).Conclusions: Several perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors have changed, particularly during the second wave of the pandemic, which had a strong influence on psychological health. Although Awe/Gratitude was confirmed as the best predictor of perceived positive changes, this resource may not buffer against the negative outcomes of the pandemic but helps to recognize the still positive aspects in life. There is a need for new and not yet defined public health communities that could focus on persons which are affected in their physical, mental, social, and spiritual health and well-being due to the pandemic.

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Individual differences and changes in lifestyle behaviours predict decreased subjective well-being during COVID-19 restrictions in an Australian sample

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdab040 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Brindal ◽

Jillian C Ryan ◽

Naomi Kakoschke ◽

Sinead Golley ◽

Ian T Zajac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Online Survey ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Australian Sample

Abstract Background Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing practices were introduced to curb infection rates in many countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of these restrictions on behaviours and well-being and whether individual differences predict changes in well-being. Methods Australian adults participated in a cross-sectional, online survey during May 2020. The survey captured demographic information; health behaviours; personality traits; life satisfaction and COVID-19-related attitudes, financial concerns, perceived risks and impacts. Results In total, 3745 (86.8% of 4313) participants completed all items. Participants were mostly female (85.7%) and 56.4 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.6) on average. Over 95.0% of the sample indicated they had been social distancing or isolating. Health behaviours and well-being had generally worsened, with social connections being the most negatively affected. Life satisfaction was significantly lower since restrictions. For changes in life satisfaction, extroversion was a risk factor and openness to experience was a protective factor. Conclusions Overall, well-being was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing particularly in this sample containing mainly older women. In future, it will be crucial to understand why and who may be differentially affected, to encourage behaviours that are protective of well-being.

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Evaluation of the Patient Safety Culture in the Western Amazon

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.152192 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 307-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Glauco M. da Silva ◽

Marcos V. M. de Lima ◽

Marcos C. Araripe ◽

Suleima Pedroza Vasconcelos ◽

Simone Perufo Opitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Patient Safety Culture ◽

Well Being ◽

Healthcare Research ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Introduction: The safety culture of the patient is a contributing factor for the maintenance of the user’s well-being in the health system because, through it, an organized systematization and quality of patient care are obtained, preventing possible intercurrences that can cause damages. Objective: To analyze the Patient Safety Culture (PSC) from the perspective of health professionals at the Reference Hospital of the Upper Juruá River, in the Brazilian Western Amazon. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study developed in a medium-sized public hospital in a municipality in Western Amazonia. The Survey for Patient Safety Culture survey of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was applied to 280 professionals from December 2016 to February 2017. Descriptive analysis of the data and the internal consistency of the instrument were performed. Results: The results indicate the best evaluations in the dimensions of Teamwork in the scopes of the units (60%) and Organizational learning (60%). The aspects with the worst results were the dimensions of non-punitive responses to errors (18%) and frequency of events reported (32%). The internal reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) analysis of the dimensions ranged from 0.35 to 0.90. Conclusion: The "culture of fear" seems to predominate in this hospital, however, the study showed that there is scope for improvement in all dimensions of CSP. The values of Cronbach’s Alpha presented similarity to the results obtained by the validation process.

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Psychometric Properties of the Hungarian Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale

10.21203/rs.3.rs-108656/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ungvary Renata ◽

András Ittzés ◽

Veronika Bóné ◽

Szabolcs Török

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Online Survey ◽

International Comparisons ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background: The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) is a widely used tool to assess attitudes toward infant feeding methods. Attitudes toward breastfeeding are one of the main influencing factors of feeding choice and breastfeeding duration. Adaptation of IIFAS to Hungarian provides an opportunity for cross-cultural comparisons and helps targeting breastfeeding support interventions.Methods: The original IIFAS was translated into Hungarian and back-translated to English. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 553 mothers whose latest child’s age was between 6 and 36 months. In addition to the Hungarian IIFAS, infant feeding status and socioeconomic properties were self-reported in the online survey. Psychometric properties, validity and internal consistency were determined and compared with international results.Results: The 17 item IIFAS-H showed good psychometric properties with that of Cronbach alpha=0.733. Further analyses proved that two shortened versions of the IIFAS-17 consisting of 11 and 9 items also showed good properties (Cronbach’s alpha=0.789, 0.787). After comparing our results to the international short versions of IIFAS, we found that they share 8 identical items. These common 8 items have similar good properties with the Cronbach’s alpha=0.763.Conclusions: The benefits of possible use of international comparisons of the 8-item version outweigh its slightly lower reliability compared to the 9 or 11-item versions. Based on our analyses, we suggest the use of the 8-item-long, shortened version (IIFAS-H8) of the scale.

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Work-related technoference at home and feelings of work spillover, overload, life satisfaction and job satisfaction

International Journal of Workplace Health Management ◽

10.1108/ijwhm-11-2020-0197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon T. McDaniel ◽

Kimberly O'Connor ◽

Michelle Drouin

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Technology Use ◽

Online Survey ◽

Family Members ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Work Related ◽

At Home

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether work-related technology use outside of work and around family members could produce technoference or phubbing, where time spent with family members is interrupted by or intruded upon by technology use. The authors also examined its impact on work-to-family spillover, feelings of overload, life satisfaction and job satisfaction for workers.Design/methodology/approachVia an online survey, the authors assessed the frequency of technoference due to work, work-to-family spillover, feelings of overload, life satisfaction and job satisfaction. The authors’ analytic sample included US parents (95 fathers and 88 mothers) who worked for pay and experienced technoference in their relationships, which was at least sometimes due to work.FindingsResults reveal possible impacts of technoference related to work on employee feelings of work-to-family spillover, greater feelings of overload, lower life satisfaction and lower job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsData are from a cross-sectional online survey, and results are correlational. Although the authors have theoretical/conceptual evidence for the impacts of technoference, it is possible that the direction of effects could be reversed or even bidirectional. Experimental/intervention work could further examine whether changes in technology use at home due to work improve employee well-being.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings suggest that organizational policies which promote healthy boundaries and work-life balance are likely fundamental to employee well-being and that employers should be mindful of employees' work-related technology use at home.Originality/valueThis study examines technoference and phubbing due to work while at home, as opposed to focusing on the at-work context.

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A patients’ view of OA: the Global Osteoarthritis Patient Perception Survey (GOAPPS), a pilot study

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-020-03741-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marianna Vitaloni ◽

Angie Botto-van Bemden ◽

Rosa Sciortino ◽

Xavier Carné ◽

Maritza Quintero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Online Survey ◽

Task Force ◽

Patient Perception ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Set ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Surgical Treatments ◽

Perception Survey

Abstract Background Globally, osteoarthritis (OA) is the third condition associated with disability. There is still poor treatment in OA but science holds the key to finding better treatments and a cure. It is essential to learn what’s important to patients from them to implement the most effective OA management. The OA Patients Task Force, conducted the Global OA Patient Perception Survey (GOAPPS)-the first global survey made by patients to analize the quality of life (QoL) & patient perceptions of care. The goal was to collect data on OA patients’ perception of OA to understand patients’ needs and expectations to improve OA management. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study by online survey data collection from six countries, translated into three languages. The questionnaire was comprised of 3 sections: patient demographics and clinical symptomology characteristics; relationship with physicians: perception of attention, treatment, and information provided; and OA impact on daily activity and QoL. The results of the survey were evaluated using the Limited Data Set. The survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the patients’ answers. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to determine internal consistency validity. Results A total of 1512 surveys were completed in 6 countries. 84.2% of respondents reported pain/tenderness and 91.1% experienced limitations to physical activities. 42.3% of patients were not satisfied with their current OA treatment. 86% had comorbidities, especially hypertension, and obesity. 51.3 and 78% would like access to additional drug or additional non-drug/non-surgical treatments respectively. 48.2% of patients perceived their QoL to be affected by OA. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.61. Conclusions OA has a significant impact on patients’ daily activities and their desire to play an active role in managing this disease. Patients are seeking additional treatments, especially no pharmacological/no surgical treatments stressing the need for investing in clinical research, implementing OA preventive measures, and managing interventions to improve the healthcare value chain in OA.

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Life Satisfaction during Forced Social Distancing and Home Confinement Derived from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1474

Author(s):

Jerónimo J Gonzalez-Bernal ◽

Paula Rodríguez-Fernández ◽

Mirian Santamaría-Peláez ◽

Josefa González-Santos ◽

Benito León-del-Barco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Online Survey ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Life Scale ◽

Restrictive Measures

Life satisfaction is one of the main dimensions of well-being related to psychological factors, being essential for a person to adjust to difficult circumstances. The restrictive measures adopted to minimize the diffusion of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could alter the subjective dimension of well-being, so the objective of this study was to determine the factors related to life satisfaction of the Spanish population during forced home confinement derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was designed, based on an online survey, and disseminated through the main social networks, which included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and sociodemographic and COVID-19-related variables. The possible relationships between the different variables were studied using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. A total of 3261 subjects participated in the study. Factors associated with greater personal life satisfaction were fewer days of home confinement (β = (−0.088); p ≤ 0.001), the perception of having received enough information (β = 0.076; p ≤ 0.001), having private access to the outside (β = 0.066; p ≤ 0.001), being employed (β = 0.063; p ≤ 0.001), being male (β = 0.057; p = 0.001) and not having been isolated (β = 0.043; p = 0.013). The results of this study provide novel information about the profiles of people related to greater well-being and life satisfaction during forced social distancing and home confinement, but more studies are needed to help to understand and complement these findings.

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Child Perception Questionnaire in Iranian Elementary Schoolers: A Psychometric Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-145649/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Faghani ◽

Aida Mehdipour ◽

Elaheh Akbari ◽

Mohammadali Amini-Tehrani ◽

Atefeh Salehi Armaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Child Perception ◽

Old Persian

Abstract Background: Child perception questionnaire (CPQ) assessing the oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) of children is a widely-used instrument in the field. However, the instrument has not undergone validation and psychometric evaluation in Iranian population of children. The study aimed at examining the construct validity and testing the reliability of CPQ-16 in 7-12-year-old Persian-speaking elementary schoolers.Methods: From two main cities in 2018, Iran, 708 mother-child dyads were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were executed via interviewer-administered method. DMFT and dmft indexes were examined for divergent validity. Two built-in indexes of overall oral health (OOH) and overall well-being (OW) were used for concurrent validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Geomin rotation, Cronbach’s alpha, and Spearman’s correlation were executed. Results: Overall, 695 data entered the analysis. Children’ mean age was 9.72 (1.36) years. EFA indicated 11 items to compose three eligible factors, including oral problems, emotional problems, and social problems. Except for social well-being and emotional well-being, all OHQoL variables were correlated. CPQ-16, CPQ-11, and the subscales indicated significant relationships with overall oral health, except for social wellbeing. CPQ-11 compared to CPQ-16 showed a slightly higher correlation with OOH index. Only CPQ-11 and emotional well-being indicated significant associations with OW index. Whereas only emotional well-being indicated high DMFT, the CPQ-16, CPQ-11 and oral problems were associated with dmft. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.66. Conclusions: Further research on clinical sample is needed. Practitioners are suggested employing CPQ to multi-dimensionally examine the children’s’ oral health needs.

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Psychometric Properties of Grief Traits and State Scale for Nurses to Measure Levels of Grief

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.1177/00302228211036862 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003022282110368

Author(s):

Feni Betriana ◽

Tetsuya Tanioka ◽

Tomoya Yokotani ◽

Youko Nakano ◽

Hirokazu Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Online Survey ◽

Nurse Managers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unresolved Grief ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Two Factors ◽

State Scale

Frequent exposure to patient deaths prompts nurses to experience grief. Unresolved grief leads to harmful consequences of nurses’ mental health and quality of nursing care. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Grief traits and State Scale for Nurses. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors measuring the level of nurses’ grief traits (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.84) and two factors in grief state (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.86). Nurses’ feelings of unable to provide good care were associated with a higher risk of grief (odds ratio (OR): 4.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45–12.75), uncomfortable feeling toward deaths (OR: 11.29, 95%CI: 1.48–85.91), and emotional exhaustion (OR: 7.12, 95%CI: 1.63–30.99). Results indicated that the scale was reliable in determining the levels of their grief. Nurse managers can use the scale to identify their nurses’ levels of grief, creating opportunities to influence the resolution of the grief experiences.

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