Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a population level analysis of incidence and mortality trends

Abstract There have been arguments about the role of breast cancer screening at the population level, and some points of controversy have arisen, such the establishment of organized screening policies and the age at which to begin screening. The real benefit of screening has been questioned because the results of this practice may increase the diagnosis of indolent lesions without decreasing mortality due to breast cancer. The authors have proposed a study of incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer in a developing setting in Brazil to monitor the effectiveness of the official recommendations that prioritize the age group from 50 to 69 years. The database of the Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System was used to calculate age-standardized and age-specific rates, which were then used to calculate incidence and mortality trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The results showed stability in trends across all ages and age-specific groups in both incidence and mortality. In conclusion, we found that incidence and mortality rates are compatible with those in regions with similar human development indexes, and trends have demonstrated stabilization. Thus, we do not endorse changes in the official recommendations to conduct screening for ages other than 50 to 69 years, nor should policy makers implement organized screening strategies.

Download Full-text

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: A population-level analysis of an uncommon primary liver tumor

Liver Transplantation ◽

10.1002/lt.23897 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 952-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Mattia Garancini ◽

Paolo Goffredo ◽

Fabio Pagni ◽

Fabrizio Romano ◽

Sanziana Roman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Tumor ◽

Population Level ◽

Primary Liver Tumor ◽

Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma ◽

Level Analysis

Download Full-text

Trends of Stomach Cancer in Central Serbia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57070665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Miodrag M. Stojanovic ◽

Natasa K. Rancic ◽

Marija R. Andjelkovic Apostolovic ◽

Aleksandra M. Ignjatovic ◽

Mirko V. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Stomach Cancer ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Age Groups ◽

Optimal Number ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence Trend ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Somach cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of the paper was to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of stomach cancer in Central Serbia in the period between 1999–2017. Materials and Methods: trends and annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence and mortality rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by joinpoint regression analyses. The optimal number of Joinpoints was identified using the Monte Carlo permutation method. The trend was considered to be significantly increasing (positive change) or decreasing (negative change) when the p-value was below 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: the total number of new cases was 16,914 (10,873 males and 6041 females) and the total number of mortality cases was 14,790 (9348 in and 5442 in females). Almost one third (30.8%) of new cases were registered in the 60–69-year age group, and new cases were significantly more frequent in males than in females (30.8% vs. 29.02%, p < 0.001). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant decrease of incidence trend in females during the 2000–2015 period with APC of −2.13% (95% CI: −3.8 to −0.5, p < 0.001). An insignificant decrease in incidence trend was in males with APC of −0.72% (95% CI: −2.3 to 0.9, p = 0.30). According to the joinpoint analysis, a significant decrease of mortality trends both in males during 2000–2015 with APC of −2.21% (95% CI: −1.6 to −7.5, p ≤ 0.001 and in females, during the same period, with APC of −1.75% (95% CI: −2.9 to −0.6, p < 0.001) was registered. From 2015 to 2017, a significant increase of mortality was registered with APC of 44.5% (95% CI: from 24.2 to −68.1, p ≤ 0.001) in females and in males with APC of 53.15% (95% CI: 13.5 to −106.6, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: a significant decrease of stomach cancer incidence trend in females and insignificant decrease of incidence trend in males were determined in Central Serbia. Based on presented results, the mortality trend decreased significantly both in males and in females during 2000–2015, and from 2015 to 2017 we recorded a significant increase in mortality in both sexes. We found significantly more new cases in women than in men in the age group of 40–49, and the mortality of stomach cancer was significantly more frequent among females compared to males in the age groups 30–39, as well as in the 50–59 age group. There is a need for improving recording and registration of new cases of stomach cancer, especially in females. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed—introducing stomach cancer screening and early detection of premalignant changes. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed.

Download Full-text

Transcriptomic analysis of atopic dermatitis in African Americans is characterized by Th2/Th17-centered cutaneous immune activation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90105-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shannon Wongvibulsin ◽

Nishadh Sutaria ◽

Suraj Kannan ◽

Martin Prince Alphonse ◽

Micah Belzberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

African Americans ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Population Level ◽

Research Network ◽

Variation Analysis ◽

Immune Signature ◽

Key Drivers ◽

Blood Eosinophils ◽

Level Analysis

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) often presents more severely in African Americans (AAs) and with greater involvement of extensor areas. To investigate immune signatures of AD in AAs with moderate to severe pruritus, lesional and non-lesional punch biopsies were taken from AA patients along with age-, race-, and sex-matched controls. Histology of lesional skin showed psoriasiform dermatitis and spongiotic dermatitis, suggesting both Th2 and Th17 activity. Gene Set Variation Analysis showed upregulation of Th2 and Th17 pathways in both lesional versus non-lesional and lesional versus control (p < 0.01), while Th1 and Th22 upregulation were observed in lesional versus control (p < 0.05). Evidence for a broad immune signature also was supported by upregulated Th1 and Th22 pathways, and clinically may represent greater severity of AD in AA. Furthermore, population-level analysis of data from TriNetX, a global federated health research network, revealed that AA AD patients had higher values for CRP, ferritin, and blood eosinophils compared to age-, sex-, and race-matched controls as well as white AD patients, suggesting broad systemic inflammation. Therefore, AA AD patients may feature broader immune activation than previously thought and may derive benefit from systemic immunomodulating therapies that modulate key drivers of multiple immune pathways.

Download Full-text

379 Epidemiology and risk factors for the development of cutaneous toxicities in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A United States population-level analysis

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. S66

Author(s):

S. Wongvibulsin ◽

V. Pahalyants ◽

M. Kalinich ◽

W. Murphy ◽

K. Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Immune Checkpoint ◽

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Population Level ◽

United States Population ◽

Cutaneous Toxicities ◽

Level Analysis

Download Full-text

Descriptive-epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Serbia

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0802016m ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (1-2) ◽

pp. 16-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natasa Maksimovic ◽

Kyriakos Spanopoulos

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Direct Method ◽

Age Groups ◽

Malignant Tumour ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Republic ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Lung cancer represents the most common malignant tumour among men, and appears more and more frequently among women in many countries worldwide. The aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to evaluate the mortality trends of all malignant tumours and lung cancer in Central Serbia from 1990 to 1999, and to estimate the incidence, mortality and the basic demographic characteristics of lung cancer in Central Serbia in 1999. Material and methods. The source of data concerning cancer cases in 1999 was the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia, while data of the Republic Statistics Institute were used for the analysis of mortality trends for the period 1990-1999. All rates were standardized by the direct method, to the world standard population. Confidence intervals for mortality rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. Linear regression coefficient was determined by Fisher's test. Results. The mortality rates showed rising tendencies for both lung cancer (y=-1876.26+0.96x, p=0.028 for men; y=654.78U).33x, p-0.001 for women) and all malignant tumours (y=-4139.88+2.15x, p=0.163 for men; y=3649.68 + 1.88x, p=0.016 for women), with statistically significant increase being observed for all trends, except all malignant tumours among men. In the year 1999, lung cancer ranked first among men and third among women, with 29.2% and 10.3% of cancer mortality respectively. The age-specific mortality rates were much higher in men in all age groups. Mortality increased with age and the highest rates were found in the age group 70-74 for both sexes. The highest incidence and mortality rates were reported in Belgrade, Moravicki and Sumadijski district. .

Download Full-text

Stroke Incidence and Mortality Trends in US Communities, 1987 to 2011

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.2014.7692 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 312 (3) ◽

pp. 259 ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Author(s):

Silvia Koton ◽

Andrea L. C. Schneider ◽

Wayne D. Rosamond ◽

Eyal Shahar ◽

Yingying Sang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Trends ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Download Full-text

Troubling Outcomes From Population-level Analysis of Surgery for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Urology ◽

10.1016/j.urology.2010.04.020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 895-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Robert Abouassaly ◽

Shabbir M.H. Alibhai ◽

Nasir Shah ◽

Narhari Timilshina ◽

Neil Fleshner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Population Level ◽

Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Upper Tract ◽

Level Analysis

Download Full-text

Investigating hot-Jupiter inflated radii with hierarchical Bayesian modelling

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201731454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 616 ◽

pp. A76 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marko Sestovic ◽

Brice-Olivier Demory ◽

Didier Queloz

Keyword(s):

Large Fraction ◽

Population Level ◽

Mass Range ◽

Hierarchical Bayesian ◽

Incident Flux ◽

Hot Jupiters ◽

Probabilistic Relation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Level Analysis

Context. As of today, hundreds of hot Jupiters have been found, yet the inflated radii of a large fraction of them remain unexplained. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain these anomalous radii, however most of these can only work under certain conditions and may not be sufficient to explain the most extreme cases. It is still unclear whether a single mechanism can sufficiently explain the entire distribution of radii, or whether a combination of these mechanisms is needed. Aims. We seek to understand the relationship of radius with stellar irradiation and mass and to find the range of masses over which hot Jupiters are inflated. We also aim to find the intrinsic physical scatter in their radii, caused by unobservable parameters, and to constrain the fraction of hot Jupiters that exhibit inflation. Methods. By constructing a hierarchical Bayesian model, we inferred the probabilistic relation between planet radius, mass, and incident flux for a sample of 286 gas giants. We separately incorporated the observational uncertainties of the data and the intrinsic physical scatter in the population. This allowed us to treat the intrinsic physical scatter in radii, due to latent parameters such as the heavy element fraction, as a parameter to be inferred. Results. We find that the planetary mass plays a key role in the inflation extent and that planets in the range ~0.37−0.98 MJ show the most inflated radii. At higher masses, the radius response to incident flux begins to decrease. Below a threshold of 0.37 ± 0.03 MJ we find that giant exoplanets as a population are unable to maintain inflated radii ≿1.4 RJ but instead exhibit smaller sizes as the incident flux is increased beyond 106 W m−2. We also find that below 1 MJ, there is a cut-off point at high incident flux beyond which we find no more inflated planets, and that this cut-off point decreases as the mass decreases. At incident fluxes higher than ~1.6 × 106 W m−2 and in a mass range 0.37−0.98 MJ, we find no evidence for a population of non-inflated hot Jupiters. Our study sheds a fresh light on one of the key questions in the field and demonstrates the importance of population-level analysis to grasp the underlying properties of exoplanets.

Download Full-text

Lung cancer survival trend in Umbria, Italy, 1994-2016: preliminary results

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Ostorero ◽

A Gili ◽

S Violi ◽

F Stracci

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

New Treatments ◽

Lung Cancer Survival

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of death for cancer (18.4%). During the last 30 years, lung cancer incidence and mortality increased in women and decreased in men, because of tobacco smoking exposure. Population survival trend reflects both the influence of disease severity at diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. Some studies reported an increase in global lung cancer survival and linked it to new treatment options. However, change in the overall survival may also reflect a shift towards morphologies with more favorable prognosis. We analyzed overall and morphology specific survival trends for lung cancer to gain insight on the role of new treatments and changing exposures. Methods We analyzed lung cancer 1 y-survival and 3 y-survival after diagnosis in Umbria (890'000 inhabitants) in the period 1994-2016. Population-based data were obtained from the Umbrian Cancer Registry (RTUP), Italy. We estimated relative net survival (Pohar-Perme approach) stratified both for sex and histotype (NSCLC, SCLC, NOS), considering six diagnostic periods from 1994 to 2016 (4 years for period, except 3 in the last one) for 5'268 lung cancer cases (26% women). Results Overall survival by gender resulted 40,5% (1y) and 16.5% (3y) in men, 47,3% (1y) and 23,2% (3y) in women. NSCLC survival increased in women during the period 1994-2016 from 41% to 53% (1y) and from 23% to 33% (3y), and remained unchanged in men. SCLC 3 year-survival did not change significantly neither in women nor in men. Conclusions We did not observe a significant increase in lung cancer survival over a 25 years period. We observed a significant increase in survival probabilities for NSCLC among women only. Thus, our data don't confirm a major role of new treatments in improving lung cancer control. We will provide further analyses for adenocarcinoma and a comparison of incidence and mortality trends to understand the influence of exposures and treatments on survival. Key messages A general increase in lung cancer survival, as could be expected after the introduction of new highly effective treatments is not present in western countries. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoking and environmental pollution remain the main intervention to improve lung cancer control.

Download Full-text