scholarly journals Investigating hot-Jupiter inflated radii with hierarchical Bayesian modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. A76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Sestovic ◽  
Brice-Olivier Demory ◽  
Didier Queloz
Keyword(s):  
Large Fraction ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Incident Flux ◽  
Hot Jupiters ◽  
Probabilistic Relation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Analysis

Context. As of today, hundreds of hot Jupiters have been found, yet the inflated radii of a large fraction of them remain unexplained. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain these anomalous radii, however most of these can only work under certain conditions and may not be sufficient to explain the most extreme cases. It is still unclear whether a single mechanism can sufficiently explain the entire distribution of radii, or whether a combination of these mechanisms is needed. Aims. We seek to understand the relationship of radius with stellar irradiation and mass and to find the range of masses over which hot Jupiters are inflated. We also aim to find the intrinsic physical scatter in their radii, caused by unobservable parameters, and to constrain the fraction of hot Jupiters that exhibit inflation. Methods. By constructing a hierarchical Bayesian model, we inferred the probabilistic relation between planet radius, mass, and incident flux for a sample of 286 gas giants. We separately incorporated the observational uncertainties of the data and the intrinsic physical scatter in the population. This allowed us to treat the intrinsic physical scatter in radii, due to latent parameters such as the heavy element fraction, as a parameter to be inferred. Results. We find that the planetary mass plays a key role in the inflation extent and that planets in the range ~0.37−0.98  MJ show the most inflated radii. At higher masses, the radius response to incident flux begins to decrease. Below a threshold of 0.37 ± 0.03  MJ we find that giant exoplanets as a population are unable to maintain inflated radii ≿1.4  RJ but instead exhibit smaller sizes as the incident flux is increased beyond 106 W m−2. We also find that below 1  MJ, there is a cut-off point at high incident flux beyond which we find no more inflated planets, and that this cut-off point decreases as the mass decreases. At incident fluxes higher than ~1.6 × 106 W m−2 and in a mass range 0.37−0.98  MJ, we find no evidence for a population of non-inflated hot Jupiters. Our study sheds a fresh light on one of the key questions in the field and demonstrates the importance of population-level analysis to grasp the underlying properties of exoplanets.

Relationship of Area-Level Socioeconomic Status Indicators and Nutritional Anemias: Analysis of Folate, Vitamin B12, and Iron Deficiencies

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Miguel Gonzalez Velez ◽  
Carolyn Mead-Harvey ◽  
Heidi E. Kosiorek ◽  
Yael Kusne ◽  
Leyla Bojanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Serum folate (SF), vitamin B12 (B12), and iron deficiency (def) are common causes of nutritional anemias (NA). These deficiencies are usually multifactorial, with nutritional and non-nutritional causes playing a role. SF, B12, and iron levels are usually ordered in the setting of anemia, and malnutrition with or without neurologic symptoms. Clinical evidence suggests that these def have a strong dietary component and socioeconomic status (SES). The relationship of NA and area-based SES in the US has not been studied. We aimed to determine the relationship of SES with the prevalence of NA. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adult patients with SF, B12 and iron levels at Mayo Clinic Arizona and Florida between 2010 and 2018. Race was classified using the NIH criteria. Normal laboratory values were determined according to our lab reference and the US NHANES III. SF levels (mcg/Lt) were defined as deficient <4, normal ≥4.0, and excess ≥20. B12 levels (ng/L) as deficient <150, borderline 150-400, normal >400-900, and excess ≥900. Iron def was determined by ferritin levels (mcg/L) as low <24, normal 24-336, elevated >336 for men, low <11, normal 11-307, elevated >307 for women. Area-Level SES indicators: Median Household income (MHI), unemployment rate (UR), median gross rent month (MGRM), % uninsured, median house value (MHV), % high school; were geocoded by zip code using the 2014 American Community Survey. Demographics and clinical variables were compared between groups by chi-square test for frequency data or Kruskal Wallis rank-sum test for continuous variables. Results: 202,046 samples from 128,084 patients were analyzed. In the sample-level analysis, there were statistically significant associations between SES and SF def; all SES indicators except UR for B12 def; and no differences for iron def, except % uninsured (Table 1). There was no statistically significant interaction between race and SES for SF def and iron def. Race was a statistically significant modifier between B12 def and MHI (p<0.001), % uninsured (p=0.002), and MHV (p=0.007). Asian and Other race had an increase in odds of B12 def with increasing MHI (Asian OR=1.11 , Other OR=1.18); white race had a decrease in odds of B12 def with increasing MHI (OR=0.95 for a $10,000 increase in MHI). Conclusions: We show significant relationships between SES and NA in the US. Differences were observed between SF def and all the SES indicators without race interactions. There were significant interactions between B12 def, race and SES for pts of White, Asian and Other race. There were no differences between SES and race for iron def. These relationships confirm that NA are related to area-level SES and other social determinants of health. Research regarding the causes of these disparities on a population level are needed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals FLIM-based pH measurements reveal incretin-induced rejuvenation of aged insulin secretory granules

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Neukam ◽  
Anke Sönmez ◽  
Michele Solimena
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fusion Pore ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Luminal Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInsulin is stored in dense-core secretory granules (SGs) and is released from beta cells in two distinct phases upon glucose stimulation. Newly synthesized insulin SGs are secreted preferentially, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. The relationship of SG age with their intraluminal pH is of particular interest: proinsulin conversion by prohormone convertases follows the acidification of immature SGs by the vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (v-ATPase). v-ATPases may also participate in the formation of the fusion pore for SG exocytosis, with intraluminal alkalinization inhibiting membrane fusion. Previous studies examined the luminal pH of SGs on a population level only. Here we measured the pH-dependent lifetime changes of eCFP fused to the ICA512-RESP18 homology domain to assess for the first time the luminal pH of individual age-defined SGs in insulinoma INS-1 cells by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy. We show that 2-4-hour-old young SGs have a pH of ~5.5, while 26-28-hour-old SGs have a pH of ~6.2. Remarkably, the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 prompted the re-acidification of old SGs in a glutamate-dependent fashion, while it did not affect the pH of young SGs. This study demonstrates that insulin SGs change their pH over time - a change that is reversible by insulin secretagogues. Hence, it provides novel insight into the mechanisms accounting for aging and exocytosis of SGs and suggests that their ‘rejuvenation’ may be exploited to enhance insulin secretion in diabetes.

scholarly journals The Factors that are Dictating the Buyer Supplier Relationship in the Retail Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Saba Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Retail Market ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Analysis

Healthy relationship among the buyer and supplier is the only way to remain competitive in the incentive market. It is the only way to retain the business and the customers. If buyer and supplier are not having this partnership then they might not be enjoying the best outcomes.The objective of this thesis is to examine the core factors that dictate buyer (Super Market) and Supplier (Distributor) relationship in retail industry. In this research, aspects has been studied that could have affected or affects the relationship of buyer & supplier in positive or negative manner. The research has covered the retail market and will be dictating the key aspects of maintaining the healthy buyer and supplier relationships. This will be helping the retail owners and retail brands to gain the competitive edge from others and always remain ahead. This research will help both the stakeholders of this industry to maintain healthy relationships between them and indicates them that what the issues that create problems between them are.The thesis employed an empirical approach designed in three stages; aggregate and firm level analysis using official data, firm level analysis using survey and finally case studies aimed at providing deeper insights into the underlying issues observed in the survey findings. Three literature strands were adopted: spillover, cluster and network dynamics.

Collaborative Study of the α-Toxin Method for Estimating Population Levels of Clostridium perfringens in Food

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Stanley M Harmon ◽  
Donald A Kautter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Roast Beef ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A microbiological method for estimating population levels of Clostridium perfringens in food, based on the presence of α-toxin, was studied collaboratively in 15 laboratories. The collaborators extracted α-toxin from identical samples of roast beef and quantitatively determined it in hemolysin indicator plates. The titer of a-toxin found was utilized to estimate the population level of C. perfringens in the roast beef by correlating the titer of α-toxin present in the beef with experimental data on the relationship of viable counts and α-toxin production supplied to the collaborators. Forty-five of 52 samples examined were found to contain α-toxin at a dilution of 1+63 to 1+127 as measured in hemolysin indicator plates. The remainder had α-toxin titers one 2-fold dilution higher or lower. The estimated population levels obtained by the various laboratories ranged from 7.3 α 107 to 17.8 α 107/g. The standard deviation among replicate determinations within collaborators was 3.5 × 107/g. These results indicate that the precision of the α-toxin method makes it useful for estimating the maximum population of C. perfringens in a suspect outbreak food.

scholarly journals The relationship between shrimp production and mangrove condition in Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu, West Java

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
RIZHAM MAULIDAR ◽  
AGUSTINUS M. SAMOSIR
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Population Level ◽  
West Java ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Metapenaeus Monoceros ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
Secondary Productivity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis

Maulidar R, Samosir AM. 2016. The relationship between shrimp production and mangrove condition in Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu, West Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 6: 59-68. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship of shrimp resources condition with mangrove ecosystems in Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu. Prediction of shrimp productivity analyzed at the community and population level, then linked to the condition of mangrove vegetation and water quality. The results of the analysis showed community and population productivity of the shrimp were positively related to the density of mangrove. Overall, the secondary productivity of the community, population, and density of mangroves in the Pabean Ilir village was higher than Pagirikan village. The results of the analysis of shrimp productivity of commodity in Pabean Ilir village was 323,360 gm-2yrs-1, while in the Pagirikan village was 185,766 gm-2yrs-1. Secondary productivity of the dominant species Penaeus merguiensis and Metapenaeus monoceros was 147,350 and 66,677 gm-2yrs-1 while in Pagirikan village was 87,633 and 47,536 gm-2yrs-1.

Dependence of intestinal arteriolar regulation on flow-mediated nitric oxide formation

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. H2249-H2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Glenn Bohlen ◽  
Geoffrey P. Nase
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Our hypothesis was that a large fraction of resting nitric oxide (NO) formation is driven by flow-mediated mechanisms in the intestinal microvasculature of the rat. NO-sensitive microelectrodes measured the in vivo perivascular NO concentration ([NO]). Flow was increased by forcing the arterioles to perfuse additional nearby arterioles; flow was decreased by lowering the mucosal metabolic rate by reducing sodium absorption. Resting periarteriolar [NO] of large arterioles (first order; 1A) and intermediate-sized arterioles (second order; 2A) was 337 ± 20 and 318 ± 21 nM. The resting [NO] was higher than the dissociation constant for the NO-guanylate cyclase reaction of vascular smooth muscle; therefore, resting [NO] should be a potent dilatory signal at rest. Over flow velocity and shear rate ranges of ∼40–180% of control, periarteriolar [NO] changed 5–8% for each 10% change in flow velocity and shear rate. The relationship of [NO] to flow velocity and shear rate demonstrated that 60–80% of resting [NO] depended on flow-mediated mechanisms. Therefore, moment-to-moment regulation of [NO] at rest is an ongoing process that is highly dependent on flow-dependent mechanisms.

The relationship of transformational leadership with group cohesiveness and emotional intelligence

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Shui Wang ◽  
Tung-Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Cohesiveness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Analysis

Previous work on transformational leadership has focused predominantly on individual level analysis, while less attention has been paid to investigating why leaders engage in transformational leadership. In this study, group level outcomes pertaining to cohesiveness as well as the antecedent factor of emotional intelligence as it relates to transformational leadership are investigated. Data were collected from 51 department managers and 252 employees in 23 small-medium textile business firms in Taiwan. Results indicate that both emotional intelligence and group cohesiveness are positively associated with transformational leadership. In addition, transformational leadership mediates the relationship between leaders' emotional intelligence and group cohesiveness. Implications of the findings in terms of theory and practice are discussed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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