The contribution of the acute phase response to the pathogenesis of relapse in chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalitis models of multiple sclerosis

AbstractBiomarker is the change associated with the disease. Without homeostatic control, urine can accumulate early changes in the body. We expect that urinary proteome can also reflect early changes in the nervous system and urine is a better biomarker source for nervous system diseases. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is difficult to diagnose in early stages. In this study, a tandem mass labeling approach coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze seven-day urinary proteome changes in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when the clinical scores in the EAE group were “0” and no obvious histological changes were observed. Thirty-one urinary proteins were altered, based on Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, seventeen of these proteins were associated with neurological functions. The top canonical pathways represented by these dysregulated proteins included the acute phase response and metabolic processes. The acute phase response was characterized by an increase in inflammatory factors that are known to cause multiple sclerosis. Additionally, lipid or glucose metabolic alterations may provide clues for future mechanistic studies on multiple sclerosis. Fourteen proteins were identified to have catalytic activities that may contribute to neuronal damage. Furthermore, among the seven proteins that were most affected, six were reported to be expressed in the serum/cerebrospinal fluid/brain tissue of multiple sclerosis patients, thereby indicating that urine can be a good source of biomarkers for the early detection of multiple sclerosis.

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Multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: missing pieces of an old puzzle

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2018-0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 67-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Reza Rahmanzadeh ◽

Wolfgang Brück ◽

Alireza Minagar ◽

Mohammad Ali Sahraian

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis ◽

Cns Autoimmunity ◽

Ms Pathogenesis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

Abstract Traditionally, multiple sclerosis (MS) was considered to be a CD4 T cell-mediated CNS autoimmunity, compatible with experimental autoimmune encephalitis model, which can be characterized by focal lesions in the white matter. However, studies of recent decades revealed several missing pieces of MS puzzle and showed that MS pathogenesis is more complex than the traditional view and may include the following: a primary degenerative process (e.g. oligodendroglial pathology), generalized abnormality of normal-appearing brain tissue, pronounced gray matter pathology, involvement of innate immunity, and CD8 T cells and B cells. Here, we review these findings and discuss their implications in MS pathogenesis.

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An Overview of Peptide-Based Molecules as Potential Drug Candidates for Multiple Sclerosis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5227

Author(s):

Annarita Del Gatto ◽

Michele Saviano ◽

Laura Zaccaro

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Demyelinating Diseases ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Life Threatening ◽

New Treatment ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

Multiple sclerosis (MS) belongs to demyelinating diseases, which are progressive and highly debilitating pathologies that imply a high burden both on individual patients and on society. Currently, several treatment strategies differ in the route of administration, adverse events, and possible risks. Side effects associated with multiple sclerosis medications range from mild symptoms, such as flu-like or irritation at the injection site, to serious ones, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other life-threatening events. Moreover, the agents so far available have proved incapable of fully preventing disease progression, mostly during the phases that consist of continuous, accumulating disability. Thus, new treatment strategies, able to halt or even reverse disease progression and specific for targeting solely the pathways that contribute to the disease pathogenesis, are highly desirable. Here, we provide an overview of the recent literature about peptide-based systems tested on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) models. Since peptides are considered a unique therapeutic niche and important elements in the pharmaceutical landscape, they could open up new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of MS.

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Any beneficial effects of mycobacteria on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis may include stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Medical Hypotheses ◽

10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.021 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shahram Shahabi ◽

Zuhair Muhammad Hassan ◽

Nima Hosseini Jazani

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Experimental Autoimmune ◽

Stimulation Of

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105 BLADDER DYSFUNCTION IN MICE WITH EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS IS A MODEL FOR NEUROGENIC OAB IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1484 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 189 (4S) ◽

Author(s):

Jan Franken ◽

Mathieu Boudes ◽

Pieter Uvin ◽

Anne-Cathérine Boeve ◽

Thomas Voets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Bladder Dysfunction ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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Review: ‘Gimme five’: future challenges in multiple sclerosis. ECTRIMS Lecture 2009

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458509357355 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Reinhard Hohlfeld

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Medical Ethics ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Benefit Ratio ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Therapy ◽

Future Challenges ◽

The Individual ◽

Sclerosis Therapy ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

This article is based on the ECTRIMS lecture given at the 25 th ECTRIMS meeting which was held in Dusseldorf, Germany, from 9 to 12 September 2009. Five challenges have been identified: (1) safeguarding the principles of medical ethics; (2) optimizing the risk/benefit ratio; (3) bridging the gap between multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis; (4) promoting neuroprotection and repair; and (5) tailoring multiple sclerosis therapy to the individual patient. Each of these challenges will be discussed and placed in the context of current research into the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

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A molecular view of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis: What can we learn from the epitope data?

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.12.009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 267 (1-2) ◽

pp. 73-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kerrie Vaughan ◽

Bjoern Peters ◽

Kevin C. O'Connor ◽

Roland Martin ◽

Alessandro Sette

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458519899040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 1448-1458 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marc Charabati ◽

Sarah J Donkers ◽

Megan C Kirkland ◽

Lisa C Osborne

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

Helminthic worms are ancestral members of the intestinal ecosystem that have been largely eradicated from the general population in industrialized countries. Immunomodulatory mechanisms induced by some helminths mediate a “truce” between the mammalian host and the colonizing worm, thus allowing for long-term persistence in the absence of immune-mediated collateral tissue damage. This concept and the geographic discrepancy between global burdens of chronic inflammatory diseases and helminth infection have sparked interest in the potential of using helminthic worms as a therapeutic intervention to limit the progression of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we present and evaluate the evidence for this hypothesis in the pre-clinical animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, in helminth-infected MS patients and in clinical trials of administered helminth immunotherapy (HIT).

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