scholarly journals Dietary preferences of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan for marine or terrestrial food sources: evidence based on fatty acid trophic markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Stumpp ◽  
Reinhard Saborowski ◽  
Simon Jungblut ◽  
Hung-Chang Liu ◽  
Wilhelm Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Trophic Preferences ◽  
Land Crabs ◽  
Trophic Markers

Abstract Background Trophic interactions are key processes, which determine the ecological function and performance of organisms. Many decapod crustaceans feed on plant material as a source for essential nutrients, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids. Strictly herbivorous feeding appears only occasionally in marine decapods but is common in land crabs. To verify food preferences and to establish trophic markers, we studied the lipid and fatty acid composition of the midgut glands of two marine crab species (Grapsus albolineatus and Percnon affine), one semi-terrestrial species (Orisarma intermedium, formerly Sesarmops intermedius), and one terrestrial species (Geothelphusa albogilva) from Taiwan. Results All species showed a wide span of total lipid levels ranging from 4 to 42% of the dry mass (%DM) in the marine P. affine and from 3 to 25%DM in the terrestrial G. albogilva. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were the major storage lipid compound. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 20:4(n-6) prevailed in all species. Essential fatty acids such as 20:4(n-6) originated from the diet. Terrestrial species also showed relatively high amounts of 18:2(n-6), which is a trophic marker for vascular plants. The fatty acid compositions of the four species allow to clearly distinguish between marine and terrestrial herbivorous feeding due to significantly different amounts of 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 18:2(n-6). Conclusions Based on the fatty acid composition, marine/terrestrial herbivory indices were defined and compared with regard to their resolution and differentiating capacity. These indices can help to reveal trophic preferences of unexplored species, particularly in habitats of border regions like mangrove intertidal flats and estuaries.

scholarly journals The evaluation of seasonal fatty acid composition and food sources of Pileurobrachia pileus (Ctenophora) in terms of trophic marker fatty acids in the Southeastern Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Nurgül Şen Özdemir ◽  
Ali Muzaffer Feyzioğlu ◽  
Fatma Caf
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Trophic Markers

Seasonal changes of the lipid and fatty acid composition of Pleurobrachia pileus investigated monthly from March 2012 to February 2013. Average total lipid content was determined as percentage (%) and per individual (mg ind-1). It was highest in February (1.48 %; 3.55 mg ind-1). However, it was proportionally the lowest in April (0.40 %), and per individual in August (0.33 mg ind-1). Major fatty acids of P. pileus were identified as 16:0, 14:0, 11:1 n-9c, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3. P. pileus had on average 27.27 % ∑SFA, 25.04 % ∑MUFA and 47.63 % ∑PUFA content. EPA and DHA were the major fatty acids from PUFA. Seasonal changes of DHA were more obvious than EPA (p<0.05). Herbivore calanoid zooplankton trophic markers; 20:1 n-9 and DHA/EPA and herbivory trophic markers; EPA and DHA content were high in P. pileus fatty acids. It showed that herbivory fatty acids were taken by feeding from herbivory zooplankton and phytoplankton. Diet was an important factor in seasonal fatty acid changes of P. pileus. In addition, we revealed that P. pileus has a rich lipid content and fatty acid composition and plays an important role in the Southeastern Black Sea ecosystem functionalities between herbivory and carnivory species.

scholarly journals Nutritional ecology of essential fatty acids: an evolutionary perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hulbert ◽  
Sarah K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid Composition

There are four types of fatty acids but only two types are essential nutritional requirements for many animals. These are the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and because they cannot be converted to one another they are separate essential dietary requirements. They are only required in small amounts in the diet and their biological importance stems largely from their role as constituents of membrane lipids. They are synthesised by plants and, as a generalisation, green leaves are the source of n-3 PUFA while seeds are the source of n-6 PUFA in the food chain. While the fatty acid composition of storage fats (triglycerides) is strongly influenced by dietary fatty acid composition, this is not the case for membrane fats. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids is relatively unresponsive to dietary fatty acid composition, although n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA can substitute for each in membrane lipids to some extent. Membrane fatty acid composition appears to be regulated and specific for different species. The role of essential fats in the diet of animals on (1) basal metabolic rate, (2) thermoregulation, (3) maximum longevity, and (4) exercise performance is discussed.

Essential fatty acids in fish physiology

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. March
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The 1960S

This paper emphasizes those aspects of fatty acid research in fish that have relevance to the investigation of the functions of essential fatty acids in other species. Lipid requirements of fish came under investigation only in the 1960s. The most significant finding has been the requirement for n − 3 fatty acids. The dietary ratio of (n − 3):(n − 6) is critical if the essential requirement is met by C18 fatty acids because of competition between fatty acids for the enzymes involved in elongation and desaturation to produce the physiologically essential long-chain fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of fish lipids varies according to the fatty acid profile of the dietary lipid. The fatty acid composition of fish also responds to temperature changes in an adaptive mechanism for maintenance of membrane homeoviscosity and physiological function over a range of temperatures. The dietary intake of essential fatty acids by brood stock must be adequate for ova formation and for embryonic development, with the latter requirement being more critical for reproductive success. Absolute requirements of fish for essential fatty acids are difficult to define and may vary depending upon the dietary ratio of (n − 3) to (n − 6) fatty acids.Key words: essential fatty acids, nutritive requirements, fish.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of secondary products of oil and fat production

1970 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
N. V. Hutsol ◽  
A. V. Hutsol ◽  
O. O. Mysenko ◽  
V. V. Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Secondary Products

Purpose. To determine the content of fat and fatty acids of total lipids in fat and oil production secondary products: in pressed powder, hydrofuse, bleaching and adsorption clays and deodorization distillate. Methods. In the process of the research, general scientific methods were used: deduction, scientific hypothesis and abstraction. For the laboratory research, the following methods were used: zootechnical analysis, liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, titrimetry. Methods of variation statistics were used to process the obtained experimental results. Results. Indicators of lipid and fatty acid composition of by-products of fat and oil production were determined. It has been established that wastes of fat and oil production are highly nutritious products: the content of crude fat in pressed powder is 65.45%, in the hydrofuse – 68.11%, bleaching clay – 66.99% and adsorption clays – 27.05%; contains essential fatty acids – linoleic (from 0.52 to 57.77%) and α-linolenic acid (from 0.01 to 0.02%). The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in pressed powder is 57.79%, in the hydrofuse – 51.19%, in bleaching clay – 0.53%, in adsorption clays – 11.6%, and in deodorization distillate – 3.94% of the total amount of acids. Among the group of saturated fatty acids, all these products contain palmitic (from 0.88% to 5.91%), stearic (from 2.80% to 12.01%) and arachidic (from 0.07% to 8.43%) acid. The amount of saturated fatty acids in the pressed powder is 8.66%, in the hydrofuse – 8.87%, in bleaching clays – 9.96%, in adsorption clays – 8.07% and in deodorization distillate – 76.9% of the total acids. Conclusions. Wastes of fat and oil production in their composition contain a significant amount of crude fat, most of the fatty acids are represented by oleic and linoleic acid, which characterizes their quality and biological value as a feed additive for feeding animals and poultry.

scholarly journals Membrane fatty acid composition of rat skeletal muscle is most responsive to the balance of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Abbott ◽  
Paul L. Else ◽  
A. J. Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Composition

The present study quantifies the relationships between diet fatty acid profile and fatty acid composition of rat skeletal muscle phospholipids. Young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed, for 8 weeks, on one of twelve moderate-fat diets (25 % of total energy) differing only in fatty acid profile. SFA content ranged from 8–88 % of total fatty acids, MUFA 6–65 %, total PUFA 4–81 %, n-6 PUFA 3–70 % and n-3 PUFA 1–70 %. Diet PUFA included only essential fatty acids 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3. The balance between n-3 and n-6 PUFA (PUFA balance) in the diet ranged from 1 : 99 to 86 : 14 % n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA. The slope of muscle phospholipid composition plotted against diet composition quantifies the response of muscle membrane composition to dietary fat (0, no response; 1, complete conformity with diet). The resulting slopes were 0·02 (SFA), 0·10 (PUFA), 0·11 (MUFA), 0·14 (n-3 PUFA) and 0·23 (n-6 PUFA). The response to PUFA balance was biphasic with a slope of 0·98 below 10 % diet PUFA balance and 0·16 above 10 %. Thus, low diet PUFA balance has greater influence on muscle composition than 18-carbon n-3 or n-6 PUFA individually. Equations provided may allow prediction of muscle composition for other diet studies. Diet PUFA balance dramatically affects muscle 20 : 4n-6 and 22 : 6n-3. This may have significant implications for some disease states in human subjects.

STUDY OF IWASHI SARDINE LIPIDS IN THE SCOPE OF POPULATION NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Elena Chupikova ◽  
Konstantin Pavel ◽  
Svetlana Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The article analyzes the fatty acid composition of the frozen iwashi lipids of different shelf lives. It is established that the total amount of essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in iwashi’s fat reaches almost 90% of all polyunsaturated fatty acids and remains practically unchanged for 12 months of fish cold storage. It is shown that products from iwashi contain a significant amount of essential fatty acids, indispensable for the human body, which can be used to optimize the population nutrition and satisfy the physiological needs in eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effect of ocean acidification on the fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1143-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Leu ◽  
M. Daase ◽  
K. G. Schulz ◽  
A. Stuhr ◽  
U. Riebesell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
The Arctic

Abstract. The effect of ocean acidification on the fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Arctic was studied in a large-scale mesocosm experiment, carried out in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) at 79° N. Nine mesocosms of ~50 m3 each were exposed to 8 different pCO2 levels (from natural background conditions to ~1420 μatm), yielding pH values (on the total scale) from ~8.3 to 7.5. Inorganic nutrients were added on day 13. The phytoplankton development during this 30-day experiment passed three distinct phases: (1) prior to the addition of inorganic nutrients, (2) first bloom after nutrient addition, and (3) second bloom after nutrient addition. The fatty acid composition of the natural plankton community was analysed and showed, in general, high percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): 44–60% of total fatty acids. Positive correlations with pCO2 were found for most PUFAs during phases 2 and/or 3, with the exception of 20:5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), an important diatom marker. These correlations are probably linked to changes in taxonomic composition in response to pCO2. While diatoms (together with prasinophytes and haptophytes) increased during phase 3 mainly in the low and intermediate pCO2 treatments, dinoflagellates were favoured by high CO2 concentrations during the same time period. This is reflected in the development of group-specific fatty acid trophic markers. No indications were found for a generally detrimental effect of ocean acidification on the planktonic food quality in terms of essential fatty acids.

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