scholarly journals The evaluation of seasonal fatty acid composition and food sources of Pileurobrachia pileus (Ctenophora) in terms of trophic marker fatty acids in the Southeastern Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Nurgül Şen Özdemir ◽  
Ali Muzaffer Feyzioğlu ◽  
Fatma Caf
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Trophic Markers

Seasonal changes of the lipid and fatty acid composition of Pleurobrachia pileus investigated monthly from March 2012 to February 2013. Average total lipid content was determined as percentage (%) and per individual (mg ind-1). It was highest in February (1.48 %; 3.55 mg ind-1). However, it was proportionally the lowest in April (0.40 %), and per individual in August (0.33 mg ind-1). Major fatty acids of P. pileus were identified as 16:0, 14:0, 11:1 n-9c, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3. P. pileus had on average 27.27 % ∑SFA, 25.04 % ∑MUFA and 47.63 % ∑PUFA content. EPA and DHA were the major fatty acids from PUFA. Seasonal changes of DHA were more obvious than EPA (p<0.05). Herbivore calanoid zooplankton trophic markers; 20:1 n-9 and DHA/EPA and herbivory trophic markers; EPA and DHA content were high in P. pileus fatty acids. It showed that herbivory fatty acids were taken by feeding from herbivory zooplankton and phytoplankton. Diet was an important factor in seasonal fatty acid changes of P. pileus. In addition, we revealed that P. pileus has a rich lipid content and fatty acid composition and plays an important role in the Southeastern Black Sea ecosystem functionalities between herbivory and carnivory species.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in abundance, lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus euxinus in the South-eastern Black Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sen Ozdemir ◽  
A. M. Feyzioglu ◽  
F. Caf ◽  
I. Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern

Seasonal changes in abundance, lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 were analysed monthly during the period from March 2012 to February 2013. The highest abundance of C. euxinus was recorded in February (847 ind. m-3) during the sampling period. Female and male C. euxinus peaked in February (587 ind. m3, 169 ind. m-3, respectively). However, copepodites peaked in November (107 ind. m-3). Average total lipid content was determined as percentage (%) and per individual (mg ind-1). It was proportionally highest in February (7.03%) and lowest in September (3.02%). However, average lipid content per individual was highest in February (0.11 mg ind-1) and lowest in September and November (0.04 mg ind-1). Major fatty acids in C. euxinus were identified as 16:0, 16:1 n-7, EPA and DHA. ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA and ΣHUFA were observed to be correlated with temperature. ΣSFA and ΣMUFA increasedwith the rise in temperature (r2=0.74, r2=0.73, p<0.05, respectively) whereas ΣPUFA and ΣHUFA increased as temperature decreased (r2=-0.73, r2=-0.80, respectively, p<0.05). Additionally, while ΣPUFA and ΣHUFA increased (r2=0.61, r2=-0.68, respectively, p<0.05), ΣMUFA decreased (r2=-0.68, p<0.05) as chlorophyll-a increased. It was observed that the degree of unsaturation increased as temperature decreased. Results of the study revealed that C. euxinus has rich lipid content as well as fatty acid composition and it plays an important role in the South-eastern Black Sea ecosystem functionalities especially having key role in energy fluxes to higher trophic levels.

scholarly journals Dietary preferences of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan for marine or terrestrial food sources: evidence based on fatty acid trophic markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Stumpp ◽  
Reinhard Saborowski ◽  
Simon Jungblut ◽  
Hung-Chang Liu ◽  
Wilhelm Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Trophic Preferences ◽  
Land Crabs ◽  
Trophic Markers

Abstract Background Trophic interactions are key processes, which determine the ecological function and performance of organisms. Many decapod crustaceans feed on plant material as a source for essential nutrients, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids. Strictly herbivorous feeding appears only occasionally in marine decapods but is common in land crabs. To verify food preferences and to establish trophic markers, we studied the lipid and fatty acid composition of the midgut glands of two marine crab species (Grapsus albolineatus and Percnon affine), one semi-terrestrial species (Orisarma intermedium, formerly Sesarmops intermedius), and one terrestrial species (Geothelphusa albogilva) from Taiwan. Results All species showed a wide span of total lipid levels ranging from 4 to 42% of the dry mass (%DM) in the marine P. affine and from 3 to 25%DM in the terrestrial G. albogilva. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were the major storage lipid compound. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 20:4(n-6) prevailed in all species. Essential fatty acids such as 20:4(n-6) originated from the diet. Terrestrial species also showed relatively high amounts of 18:2(n-6), which is a trophic marker for vascular plants. The fatty acid compositions of the four species allow to clearly distinguish between marine and terrestrial herbivorous feeding due to significantly different amounts of 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 18:2(n-6). Conclusions Based on the fatty acid composition, marine/terrestrial herbivory indices were defined and compared with regard to their resolution and differentiating capacity. These indices can help to reveal trophic preferences of unexplored species, particularly in habitats of border regions like mangrove intertidal flats and estuaries.

Changes in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of 2nd-stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis after rehydration, exposure to the hatching stimulus and hatch

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. HOLZ ◽  
D. J. WRIGHT ◽  
R. N. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Acid Fraction

The total lipid content of the dry weight of whole cysts and 2nd-stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis was 17·1% in dry cysts, 20·9% in cysts soaked in distilled water (DW), 20·3% in cysts that had been in potato root diffusate (PRD) for 7 days, 7·3% in cysts that had been in PRD for 28 days and 29·2% for hatched J2. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid did not differ between dry cysts, cysts in DW and cysts in PRD for 7 days. However, major differences in the fatty acid composition of all lipid classes were found between rehydrated cysts in PRD and freshly hatched J2. After hatching, the degree of saturation and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased and the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased considerably, especially in the free fatty acid fraction, where C20[ratio ]1 showed an 8-fold decrease and C20[ratio ]4 a 33-fold increase. There was a difference in the fatty acid composition of cysts in PRD for 7 days and cysts in PRD for 28 days (after most of the J2 had hatched); with increased time in PRD the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in all lipid classes. Differences in the fatty acid profiles between cysts in PRD for 28 days and hatched J2 were found mainly in the free fatty acid and the non-acidic phospholipid fractions. The free fatty acid fraction of the cysts was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (52%), whereas the same fraction of hatched J2 contained large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (60%). These polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially C20[ratio ]4, might play an important part in nematode–plant interactions during infection.

NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROLS IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE MALE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marshall Clark ◽  
J.R. Marion ◽  
L.J. Scarano ◽  
T.L. Potter ◽  
P.F. Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

AbstractQualitative and quantitative changes in the neutral lipid content of hemolymph of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., were assayed in larval, pupal, and adult stages. The major neutral lipid constituents of the hemolymph were 1,2-diacylglycerols and ranged in nominal concentration from 1.6–3.4 (larval), 3.1–4.9(pupal),toamaximumof 19.3 μg lipid per microlitre hemolymph in the adult male. When detected, triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols never exceed diacylglycerol concentrations. The fatty acid composition of 1,2-diacylglycerols from adult male moths (0–12 h after emergence) was determined as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Nine fatty acid structures have been assigned. Of these, five are saturated, unbranched, aliphatic fatty acids (C14:0 – C18:0) which comprise 80.5% of the total fatty acid abundance. The remaining four fatty acids consist of two saturated, methyl-branched, aliphatic compounds, a mono-unsaturated aliphatic acid, and a tri-unsaturated, tricyclic, diterpenoid acid.

Temporal variation in the fatty acid composition of ovigerous females and embryos of the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda, Munididae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bascur ◽  
Fabián Guzmán ◽  
Sergio Mora ◽  
Pepe Espinoza ◽  
Ángel Urzúa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Key Species

Pleuroncodes monodon, an important fishery resource and key species in the Humboldt Current Large Marine ecosystem, has a prolonged reproductive period from winter until end of summer, and during this time females incubating their embryos are exposed to seasonal variation in food availability and in temperature. Additionally, in order to ensure successful reproduction and survival of embryos, changes occur in the main internal reserves and/or sources of energy of P. monodon. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of seasonal variation (winter vs summer) in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of ovigerous females and their embryos. The results show that a higher percentage of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in females in winter. Similarly, the composition of fatty acids in embryos found here indicates that winter embryos have more saturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids (C18:2n6cis, C18:3n6 and C22:6n3) than do summer embryos. According to PCA analysis of fatty acid profile, samples from summer may be distinguished into two isolated groups with conspicuous variations in fatty acids profile of embryo and hepatopancreas. While in winter, the opposite pattern occurs in the fatty acid profile of embryo and hepatopancreas. These variations may be related to relevant physiological processes (reproduction and growth) and of their ontogeny (development and survival of offspring). Seasonal variation in the lipid content and composition of fatty acids of P. monodon could directly impact this species’ reproduction and survival and subsequently could have consequences on the food web and fishery exploitation.

scholarly journals Efect of Gamma 60Co Irradiation on The Growth, Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Botryococcus sp. Microalgae

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Dini Ermavitalini ◽  
Niki Yuliansari ◽  
Endry Nugroho Prasetyo ◽  
Triono Bagus Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

<p><em>Botryococcus</em> sp. is one of microalgae species that has a high lipid content as much as 75% of their dry weight. But, lipid production by microalgae is regulated by their environmental condition (pH, light, temperature, nutrition, etc). Mutagenesis induced by Gamma <sup>60</sup>Co irradiation can be utilized to alter the <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. genetic to get microalgae mutant strain that can produce a higher lipid content than the wild strain. <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. was irradiated with different doses of gamma ray of <sup>60</sup>Co  (0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 Gy),  and the effect  on the growth, lipid content, and fatty acid composition of microalgae were observed. Research design used is random complete (RAL) with 95 %  confident level for quantitive analysis based on the biomass and lipid contents. More over fatty acid composition was analyzed by Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrometry<em> </em>(GC-MS). Results showed that Gamma irradiated gave an effect on growth and lipid content of <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. But between the control treatment (0 Gy) with microalgae irradiated dose of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy were not significantly different. Whereas between the control with 10 Gy irradiated was significantly different. The highest biomassa and lipid content are found in 10 Gy irradiated microalgae with 0.833 gram biomass and 41% lipid content. Fatty acid profile of <em>Botryococcus</em> sp. control has 6 fatty acids while 10 Gy irradiated microalgae has 12 fatty acids, with the long-chain fatty acids increased, whereas short-chain fatty acids decreased.</p>

Effects of fish oil on growth kinetics and lipid accumulation in black soldier fly larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.K.S. Knudsen ◽  
E.E. Jespersen ◽  
M.J. Markwardt ◽  
A. Johansen ◽  
A.P. Ortind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Fermentation Products

The main purpose of this study is to characterise how substrate lipid content affects growth kinetics of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. Growth curves of larvae were characterised in substrates composed of chicken feed supplemented by 0-30% fish oil, and lipid content and fatty acid composition of the prepupae were quantified to examine up-take and assimilation of fish oil by the larvae. Increasing contents of fish oil resulted in reduced specific growth rates, reduced weight of the prepupae, and increased mortality. The prepupae had similar lipid contents at 0-20% fish oil, while 30% fish oil increased the lipid content of prepupae. In contrast, the fatty acid composition of the prepupae showed a strong dependency on substrate fish oil content, indicating that the larvae increased their uptake of fish oil with increasing fish oil content. C16-C22 fatty acids were bioaccumulated from the fish oil, but particularly C20 and C22 fatty acids were apparently also shortened or further metabolised. Microbial fermentation products rapidly accumulated in the substrates, and substrate lipids and carbohydrates were preserved and remained available for the larvae throughout their growth period. These results point out that although BSF larvae can utilise high contents of substrate lipids, it may be at the expense of reduced growth performance, and with limited effects on the composition of their biomass.

Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Cod Liver, Flesh, Roe, and Milt Lipids

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Jangaard ◽  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
J. C. Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of lipids from an isolated population of inshore cod (Gadus morhua L.) caught near Terence Bay, Nova Scotia, were determined each month on pooled samples of representative fish. Cod liver oil was studied over a period of 17 months, cod flesh for 12 months with the fatty acid compositions of milt, roe, flesh, and liver lipids being determined from some large, individual fish.The fatty acids of flesh lipids were independent of sex and showed very little, if any, seasonal changes except a slight variation in the long-chain monounsaturated acid 20:1 (max 2.8% vs. avg 1.6% and 1.1%). This was especially evident in large fish where the maximum (3.7%) coincided with the period of best "condition," August to November. There was also a significant difference between large and medium size fish in that in very large fish the content of 22:6 was much lower (26% vs. 33%). Liver oils in female fish contained increasing amounts of 20:1 (4.5 to 14.9%) and 22:1 (1.8 to 12.3%) fatty acids with increased fat content of the liver, maxima occurring in late summer and fall. In the male fish this seasonal trend was not as obvious. No other acids showed any definite seasonal variation. In the fatty acids of roe and milt lipid no definite relationship could be established between ripening and fatty acid composition. The fatty acids of the milt were similar to the roe except for a higher percentage of 18:1 and lower percentage of 16:1. The unsaponifiable matter was higher in milt than in roe lipids.These results indicate that due to the large variations that can occur in the fatty acid content of lipids from individual fish, a single analysis could give a fatty acid composition quite different from the average of a large number of determinations.

scholarly journals Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase purine but not pyrimidine transport in L1210 leukaemia cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle MARTIN ◽  
Kelly A. MECKLING-GILL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Long Chain

Here we show that in vitro supplementation of L1210 murine lymphoblastic leukaemia cells with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids results in considerable changes in the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. Incubations for 48 h with 30 μM eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3; EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3; DHA) results primarily in substitution of long-chain n-6 fatty acids with long-chain n-3 fatty acids. This results in a decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio from 6.9 in unsupplemented cultures to 1.2 or 1.6 for EPA and DHA supplemented cultures, respectively. Coincident with these changes in membrane fatty acid composition, we observed a 5-fold increase in the rate of adenosine (5 μM) uptake via the nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter in EPA- and DHA- supplemented L1210 cells, relative to unsupplemented cells. This seemed to result from a decrease in the Km for adenosine from 12.5 μM in unsupplemented cultures to 5.1 μM in DHA-treated cultures. Guanosine (50 μM) transport was similarly affected by DHA with a 3.5-fold increase in the initial rate of uptake. In contrast, pyrimidine transport, as measured by uptake of thymidine and cytidine, was not similarly affected, suggesting that substrate recognition had been altered by fatty acid supplementation. Studies using [3H]NBMPR showed that there was no effect of EPA or DHA on either the number of NBMPR-binding sites or the affinity of these sites for NBMPR. This observation suggests that the increases in adenosine and guanosine transport were not due to increases in the number of transporter sites but rather that EPA and DHA directly or indirectly modulate transporter function.

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