scholarly journals The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sombke ◽  
Jörg Rosenberg ◽  
Gero Hilken ◽  
Carsten H. G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Centipedes are terrestrial, predatory arthropods with specialized sensory organs. However, many aspects of their sensory biology are still unknown. This also concerns hygroreception, which is especially important for centipedes, as their epicuticle is thin and they lose water rapidly at low humidity. Thus, the detection of humid places is vital but to date no definite hygroreceptor was found in centipedes. House centipedes (Scutigeromorpha) possess a peculiar opening at the base of their antenna, termed ‘scape organ’, that houses up to 15 cone-shaped sensilla in a cavity. Lacking wall and tip-pores, these socket-less sensilla may be hypothesized to function as hygroreceptors similar to those found in hexapods. Results The cone-shaped sensilla in the scape organ as well as nearby peg-shaped sensilla are composed of three biciliated receptor cells and three sheath cells. A tip-pore is present but plugged by a highly electron-dense secretion, which also overlays the entire inner surface of the cavity. Several solitary recto-canal epidermal glands produce the secretion. Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. Conclusions The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. In Scutigera coleoptrata, however, the mechanism of stimulus transduction is different. Water vapor may lead to swelling and subsequent elongation of the plug pin that enters the terminal pore, thus causing stimulation of the elongated dendritic outer segments. The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. Thus, both sensilla located at the antennal base of scutigeromorph centipedes fulfill a dual function.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110295
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Taniguchi ◽  
Tomoya Takashima ◽  
Ly Tu ◽  
Raphaël Thuillet ◽  
Asuka Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
First Time

Although precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but severe complication of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), its association with NF2 remains unknown. Herein, we report a case of a 44-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and treated with PAH-specific combination therapy. However, a careful assessment for a relevant family history of the disease and genetic testing reveal that this patient had a mutation in the NF2 gene. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we demonstrated a decrease in endothelial NF2 protein in lungs from IPAH patients compared to control lungs, suggesting a potential role of NF2 in PAH development. To our knowledge, this is the first time that precapillary PH has been described in a patient with NF2. The altered endothelial NF2 expression pattern in PAH lungs should stimulate work to better understand how NF2 is contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodeling associated to these severe life-threatening conditions.

scholarly journals Cloning, expression and enzyme activity delineation of two novel CANT1 mutations: the disappearance of dimerization may indicate the change of protein conformation and even function

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Dan Wang ◽  
Liang-Jie Guo ◽  
Zhan-Qi Feng ◽  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
Meng-Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Extracellular Secretion ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Desbuquois Dysplasia ◽  
Pathogenic Change ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) was a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia. Calcium activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) mutation was identified as a common pathogenic change for DBQD type 1 and Kim variant but not for DBQD type 2. To our knowledge, all patients with DBQD type 1 currently found could be explained by mutations in the CANT1 gene, but mutations in the CANT1 gene might not be directly diagnosed as DBQD type 1. Results We have identified two novel CANT1 mutations (mut1: c.594G > A [p.Trp198*], mut2: c.734C > T [p.Pro245Leu]) in three children from a family of Chinese origin for the first time. Two of the three children could be diagnosed as typical DBQD type 1 and one child could not be diagnosed as DBQD type 1 based on the clinical data we had. To further clarify the effect of the two mutations of the CANT1 gene, we studied the CANT1 gene expression and detected the protein secretion and nucleotide enzyme activity through cDNA cloning and expression vectors construction for wild and mutant types. The mut1 was a nonsense mutation which could lead to premature termination and produced the truncated bodies; The CANT1 dimer of mut2 was significantly reduced and even undetectable. The extracellular secretion of mut1 was extremely high while mut2 was significantly reduced compared with the wild type. And mut1 and mut2 also could result in a significant reduction in the activity of CANT1 nucleotidease. From the results we could deduce that the two mutations of the CANT1 gene were the causes of the two cases in this study. Conclusions Regarding the particularity of the cases reported in this study, the pathogenesis of CANT1 might be more complicated. The genetic and phenotype of three children with the same genetic background need to be further studied. Larger cohort of patients was needed to establish genotype–phenotype correlations in DBQD.

Standard complication screening information can be used for risk assessment for first time foot ulcer among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sine Hangaard ◽  
Anne Rasmussen ◽  
Thomas Almdal ◽  
Annemette Anker Nielsen ◽  
Kirsten Engelhart Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals An Instructive Component in T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2) Development Mediated by Gata-3

2001 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Farrar ◽  
Wenjun Ouyang ◽  
Max Löhning ◽  
Mario Assenmacher ◽  
Andreas Radbruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
T Helper Cell ◽  
Helper Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Helper Cell Type ◽  
Th2 Development

Although interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 polarize naive CD4+ T cells toward T helper cell type 1 (Th1) or Th2 phenotypes, it is not known whether cytokines instruct the developmental fate in uncommitted progenitors or select for outgrowth of cells that have stochastically committed to a particular fate. To distinguish these instructive and selective models, we used surface affinity matrix technology to isolate committed progenitors based on cytokine secretion phenotype and developed retroviral-based tagging approaches to directly monitor individual progenitor fate decisions at the clonal and population levels. We observe IL-4–dependent redirection of phenotype in cells that have already committed to a non–IL-4–producing fate, inconsistent with predictions of the selective model. Further, retroviral tagging of naive progenitors with the Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 provided direct evidence for instructive differentiation, and no evidence for the selective outgrowth of cells committed to either the Th1 or Th2 fate. These data would seem to exclude selection as an exclusive mechanism in Th1/Th2 differentiation, and support an instructive model of cytokine-driven transcriptional programming of cell fate decisions.

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 and CD30 serum levels in patients with moderate-severe depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Alba Merendino ◽  
Antonio Enrico Di Rosa ◽  
Giuseppe Di Pasquale ◽  
Paola Lucia Minciullo ◽  
Carmela Mangraviti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Helper Type

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the T-cell-helper type 1 response, is a new member of the family of cytokines produced in the brain. CD30 is a marker of T-cell-helper type 2 lymphocytes. We evaluated IL-18 and CD30 serum levels in 10 patients affected by moderate-severe depression (MSD). We demonstrated for the first time that serum IL-18 levels of MSD patients were significantly higher than those of healthy donors. On the contrary, no significant difference was found between serum CD30 levels of MSD patients compared with those of healthy donors. These data strengthen the hypothesis that MSD disease is associated with an inflammatory response, mainly T-cell-helper type 1, and suggest an important role for IL-18 in the pathophysiology of MSD.

On a multi-type critical age-dependent branching process

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Distinguishable Particle ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
Image Position

We will consider a branching process with m > 1 distinguishable particle types as follows. At time 0, one newly born cell of type i is born (i = 1, 2, ···, m). Cell type i lives a random lifetime with continuous distribution function Gi(t), Gi(0+) = 0. At the end of its life, cell i is replaced by j1 new cells of type 1, j2 new cells of type 2, ···, jm new cells of type m with probability , and we define the generating functions for i = 1,···,m, where and . Each new daughter cell proceeds independently of the state of the system, with each cell type j governed by Gj(t) and hj(s).

scholarly journals New Genotypes and Phenotypes in Patients with 3 Subtypes of Waardenburg Syndrome Identified by Diagnostic Next-Generation Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Li ◽  
Lingyun Mei ◽  
Hongsheng Chen ◽  
Xinzhang Cai ◽  
Yalan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Waardenburg Syndrome ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Background. Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is one of the most common forms of syndromic deafness with heterogeneity of loci and alleles and variable expressivity of clinical features. Methods. The technology of single-nucleotide variants (SNV) and copy number variation (CNV) detection was developed to investigate the genotype spectrum of WS in a Chinese population. Results. Ninety WS patients and 24 additional family members were recruited for the study. Fourteen mutations had not been previously reported, including c.808C>G, c.117C>A, c.152T>G, c.803G>T, c.793-3T >G, and c.801delT on PAX3; c.642_650delAAG on MITF; c.122G>T and c.127C>T on SOX10; c.230C>G and c.365C>T on SNAI2; and c.481A>G, c.1018C>G, and c.1015C>T on EDNRB. Three CNVs were de novo and first reported in our study. Five EDNRB variants were associated with WS type 1 in the heterozygous state for the first time, with a detection rate of 22.2%. Freckles occur only in WS type 2. Yellow hair, amblyopia, congenital ptosis, narrow palpebral fissures, and pigmentation spots are rare and unique symptoms in WS patients from China. Conclusions. EDNRB should be considered as another prevalent pathogenic gene in WS type 1. Our study expanded the genotype and phenotype spectrum of WS, and diagnostic next-generation sequencing is promising for WS.

On a multi-type critical age-dependent branching process

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 523-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Distinguishable Particle ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
Image Position

We will consider a branching process with m > 1 distinguishable particle types as follows. At time 0, one newly born cell of type i is born (i = 1, 2, ···, m). Cell type i lives a random lifetime with continuous distribution function Gi (t), Gi (0+) = 0. At the end of its life, cell i is replaced by j 1 new cells of type 1, j 2 new cells of type 2, ···, jm new cells of type m with probability , and we define the generating functions for i = 1,···,m, where and . Each new daughter cell proceeds independently of the state of the system, with each cell type j governed by Gj(t) and hj(s).

Effects of propofol emulsion and thiopentone on T helper cell type‐1/type‐2 balance in vitro

Anaesthesia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salo ◽  
C‐O. Pirttikangas ◽  
K. Pulkki
Keyword(s):  
T Helper Cell ◽  
Helper Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Cell Type
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