scholarly journals Evaluation of imaging features of pelvic echinococcosis based on multimodal images

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
A. I. E. R. K. E. N. aikebaier ◽  
Yuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Surrounding Soft Tissue ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Background Hydatid disease (HD) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus, It is mainly prevalent in pastoral areas. Bone echinococcosis is rare, accounting for 0.5 to 4.0% of all echinococcosis. It is likely to miss the diagnosis and misdiagnose due to non-specific early symptoms and the clinical manifestations and imaging features. The clinical data of 15 patients with pelvic cystic echinococcosis were analyzed retrospectively, and the X-ray, CT, and MRI imaging features of the disease were discussed, which are reported below. Methods All 15 patients underwent CT scan evaluation. A total of 8 patients underwent coronal, sagittal, and three-dimensional reconstruction with 3-mm-slice thickness, and 4 patients underwent X-ray plain film examination. Five cases underwent MRI scan. Eight cases underwent MRI or CT enhanced scan. Results X-ray plain film is characterized by continuous cystic bone destruction, irregular low-density shadow when invading soft tissue, and sometimes calcification which can be seen on the wall or inside the cyst. The involved sacroiliac joint or hip joint may narrow or disappear. The involvement of pelvic cystic echinococcosis is relatively wide, and 80% of patients with pelvic cysts in this group had multiple lesions in the same period. Cystic expansive bone destruction was the most common. Pelvic CT revealed a lobulated hypodense lesion of varying size with internal septae, causing cortical thinning and destruction. Most of them had no periosteal reaction. The iliopsoas muscle is most easily invaded. Single cystic echinococcosis of pelvis showed intermediate or low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in the involved bone and surrounding soft tissue on MRI, and the cyst wall showed linear low signal in T1WI, T2WI, and STIR sequences. The polycystic type is characterized by multiple cysts of varying signal intensity (daughter cysts) within a larger cyst is the typical MRI finding, forming “small vesicles” high signal daughter cysts. Osteosclerosis or calcification showed low signal in T1WI and T2WI. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the lesions of pelvic cystic echinococcosis are mostly cystic expansive and osteolytic bone destruction, which is easy to invade the surrounding soft tissue, often accompanied with calcification; among them, multiple cystic lesions are characteristic.

Analysis of Titanium Dental Implants Surrounding Soft Tissue Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Uo ◽  
Kiyotaka Asakura ◽  
Atsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Kazuchika Tamura ◽  
Yasunori Totsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Surrounding Soft Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Titanium Dental Implants

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Retropharyngeal Tendinitis

Cephalalgia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ekbom ◽  
J Tothall ◽  
K Annell ◽  
J Träff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling ◽  
Retropharyngeal Tendinitis

Seven consecutive patients with acute retropharyngeal tendinitis underwent plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. All seven had marked soft tissue swelling anterior to C1 and C2 on plain X-ray, and soft tissue calcification at this level was present in five of them. On MRI, there was markedly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the acute phase and intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images, anterior to the level of C1 and C2, often extending as far down as C6. These changes correlated well with the soft tissue swelling seen on conventional X-ray of the cervical spine. The maximum mid-sagittal thickness of the soft tissues was significantly greater in the tendinitis patients ( p < 0.001) than in 12 control subjects free of symptoms from the pharynx or the cervical spine. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs rapidly alleviated symptoms, and at follow-up MRI showed regression or complete restitution of the changes. In conclusion, MRI can visualize the edematous changes in the longus colli muscle and adds useful diagnostic information in suspected cases of acute retropharyngeal tendinitis.

scholarly journals The Results of Fetal Chondrocytes Transplantation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Krivoruchko ◽  
Saltanat Tuganbekova ◽  
Gulnar Rakhimbekova ◽  
Karlygash Kuzembaeva ◽  
Lina Zaripova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Donor Cells

Introduction. Nowadays anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy has significantly improved the quality of life and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, there are still many patients with progressive rheumatoid inflammation, resulting in the destruction of joints. Cell therapy seems like a promising direction in rheumatology. The aim of our research was to evaluate the efficacy of fetal chondrocyte transplantation in patients with RA.Methods. We examined 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (I - III stages) between 20 and 63 years of age. They were divided into 2 groups: the first group underwent the fetal chondrocytes transplantation (n = 40), and the second was a control group who got conservative therapy (n = 20). Donor cells were taken from the chondrogenic layer of the humerus or femur heads and hip condyles of human embryos in gestation for 17-20 weeks. A suspension of fetal chondrocytes injected into affected areas of the articular surfaces under X-ray control. Cell viability was determined before the injection. Efficacy of the therapy was assessed by clinical, instrumental, and laboratory tests. This clinical trial was allowed by The Ministry of Public Health and Ethics Committee. All of our patients gave informed consent for the fetal chondrocytes transplantation.Results. Evaluation of the clinical manifestations of RA in the first group of patients showed 3.7 times decrease in pain and 1.6 times relief of synovitis. Complete reduction of contracture was observed in 82% of patients in the first group. Morphometric changes in X-ray demonstrated inhibition of the destruction in articular cartilage and surfaces of bones after transplantation of fetal chondrocytes. The dynamics of morphological changes in synovium showed 2.5 times reduction of the inflammatory reaction. Transplantation of fetal chondrocytes led to a significant reduction in ESR, CRP, fibrinogen , γ-globulin after a period of 12 months (p < 0.03). Furthermore, patients in the second group had 2.7 times higher risk of ankylosis compared to the first group. We did not observe any complications of fetal chondrocytes transplantation.Conclusions. Application of fetal chondrocytes therapy had the desired clinical effect, which was confirmed by reduction of the RA activity and decrease of cartilage and bone destruction. 

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Masking Tuberculous Joint Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Shaikhomer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Tuberculous Arthritis

Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for around 10 percent of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Hip and knee involvement are the most commonly affected sites after spine. Clinical manifestations include swelling, pain, and loss of joint function that progress over weeks to months. In the setting of tuberculous arthritis, local soft tissue swelling, osteopenia, and bone destruction (with relative preservation of cartilage space) occur early in the disease. Subsequent findings include structural collapse, sclerotic changes, and soft tissue calcification. Delay in diagnosing tuberculous arthritis can lead to functional disability and poor outcome. Superimposed infection with another organism occurs very rarely and can lead to delay in diagnosing the condition. We present a case of tuberculous knee arthritis that was superimposed with Staphylococcus aureus infection. The low index of suspicion at the initial presentation together with the superimposed infection led to a delayed diagnosis. Our patient’s risk factor was immigration from a country endemic with tuberculosis. The case was diagnosed 32 months from initial presentation. In the presence of clinical and epidemiological risk for tuberculous arthritis, requesting the appropriate tests is crucial to avoid any diagnostic delay.

scholarly journals Imaging Features of Superficial and Deep Fibromatoses in the Adult Population

Sarcoma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Walker ◽  
Jonelle M. Petscavage ◽  
Pamela L. Brian ◽  
Chika Iloanusi Logie ◽  
Kenneth M. Montini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Plantar Fibromatosis

The fibromatoses are a group of benign fibroblastic proliferations that vary from benign to intermediate in biological behavior. This article will discuss imaging characteristics and patient demographics of the adult type superficial (fascial) and deep (musculoaponeurotic) fibromatoses. The imaging appearance of these lesions can be characteristic (particularly when using magnetic resonance imaging). Palmar fibromatosis demonstrates multiple nodular or band-like soft tissue masses arising from the proximal palmar aponeurosis and extending along the subcutaneous tissues of the finger in parallel to the flexor tendons. T1 and T2-weighted signal intensity can vary from low (higher collagen) to intermediate (higher cellularity), similar to the other fibromatoses. Plantar fibromatosis manifests as superficial lesions along the deep plantar aponeurosis, which typically blend with the adjacent plantar musculature. Linear tails of extension (“fascial tail sign”) along the aponeurosis are frequent. Extraabdominal and abdominal wall fibromatosis often appear as a heterogeneous lesion with low signal intensity bands on all pulse sequences and linear fascial extensions (“fascial tail” sign) with MR imaging. Mesenteric fibromatosis usually demonstrates a soft tissue density on CT with radiating strands projecting into the adjacent mesenteric fat. When imaging is combined with patient demographics, a diagnosis can frequently be obtained.

scholarly journals Case Report: Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma With Spinal Involvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Qiu ◽  
Kaiying Yang ◽  
Shiyi Dai ◽  
Siyuan Chen ◽  
Yi Ji
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
West China Hospital ◽  
West China ◽  
Spinal Involvement

Introduction: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally invasive vascular tumor that mostly appears in infants and adolescents. KHE with spinal involvement is extremely rare. The aim of this study was to review the imaging features, clinical manifestations and treatment of KHE patients with spinal involvement.Materials and Methods: We reviewed patients with KHE who were admitted to Pediatric Surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2014 to August 2020, and the cases were evaluated.Results: Seven patients with spinal involvement were enrolled in the study, including four (57.1%) males and three (42.9%) females. The age at onset ranged from 1.0 day to 4.0 years, with an average of 1.6 years. Five (71.4%) had pain due to bone destruction, three patients (42.9%) had decreased range of motion (ROM), four (57.1%) patients had scoliosis, two (28.6%) patients developed claudication, and three patients (42.9%) presented with a soft tissue mass in the neck of the back. Five patients (71.4%) had the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP), with a minimum platelet value of 8 × 109/L. All patients were treated with sirolimus, and showed regression of the lesion and/or normalization of the hematologic parameters.Conclusion: KHE with spinal involvement is difficult to diagnose due to its rarity and variable symptoms, which need to be recognized to start early treatment. The management of KHE with spinal involvement should be performed by a multidisciplinary team. Sirolimus can improve outcomes in patients with KHE with spinal involvement.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Profile of Chordomas - A Retrospective Evaluation from a Tertiary Institution of Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
pp. 2730-2734
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Amit Kumar Das ◽  
Arijit Roy ◽  
Aprateem Mukherjee ◽  
Tapan Dhibar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
Soft Tissue Component ◽  
Rare Tumours ◽  
Craniospinal Axis

BACKGROUND Chordomas are tumours presumed to originate from the remnants of embryonic notochord. They present a diagnostic challenge as they can occur in any region within the craniospinal axis and are rare with an incidence of less than 0.1 / 100,000 per year. Imaging is required for their evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice due to excellent soft tissue resolution, multiplanar imaging capabilities and precise anatomical delineation. METHODS MRI scans of 10 patients, who had proven chordomas histologically, were evaluated retrospectively in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences from July 2012 to June 2018. Patients without histological proof of chordomas and those lost to follow-up were not included in the study. Clinical information such as age, sex, presenting symptoms were noted. Imaging parameters assessed included tumour location, bone destruction, extraspinal soft tissue component, spinal canal and neural foramina encroachment, arterial encasement, signal intensity, morphology and enhancement pattern by MRI. All the cases were scanned in a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Intravenous contrast were used in all cases. RESULTS Of the 10 cases, 7 were male and 3 were female. There were 7 cases of sacrococcygeal chordomas and 3 cases of clival chordomas. The tumours appeared as multilobulated masses with bone destruction. All sacrococcygeal lesions involved more than one vertebral segment with extraspinal soft tissue component encroaching the pelvic cavity and showed cystic spaces containing hypointense septae. All 3 cases of clival chordomas showed compression of the pons and basilar artery. In one case there was compression of optic chiasma with displacement of internal carotid arteries laterally. On T1 weighted imaging, the chordomas were isointense in 4 and hypointense in 6 cases. These tumours were hyperintense in T2WI in 8 and intermediate to high in signal intensity in 2 cases. All demonstrated heterogenous enhancement on contrast with moderate enhancement in 8 patients and mild enhancement in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS Chordomas are rare tumours that can occur anywhere in the craniospinal axis. MRI is the modality of choice for imaging of chordomas. Characteristic findings in MRI include low to intermediate signal intensity on T1w images and high signal intensity on T2w images. Sacral chordomas have T2 hyperintense cystic masses with hypointense septa. Enhancement is heterogenous ranging from mild to moderate. MRI is invaluable for a pre-operative diagnosis, delineation of tumour extent and as roadmap for surgery and radiotherapy. KEYWORDS Chordomas, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clivus, Sacrococcygeal

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging features of large joint tuberculous arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shalini Agarwal ◽  
Lalit Mohan ◽  
Preeti Lamba ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tuberculous Arthritis ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
Rim Enhancement ◽  
Grade Iii

Objectives: Large joint monoarticular tuberculous involvement is rare. It may not be associated with classical clinical features. Hence, it is difficult to differentiate from other conditions similarly involving the large joints. Our study aimed to study the characteristics of large joint monoarthritis on magnetic resonance imaging. Material and Methods: We reviewed the radiology database for large joint tubercular arthritis cases over 2 years. In total, there were 21 patients. Male: female ratio was 11:10. The mean age was 34.14 ± 15.82 years with a range of 8–57 years. We diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) based on histopathological examination or response to antitubercular therapy. Results: Knee was most frequently involved (47%; n = 10) followed by wrist and elbow in 3 patients each (14.28%). Concomitant active pulmonary TB was absent in all of our patients. Grade I synovial thickening was seen in eight patients, Grade II in four, and Grade III in seven. It was uniform in all the cases. Grade 1 bone marrow edema was seen in 06 patients, Grade III in 13, and none in 02. There was soft-tissue edema in 12 patients and soft-tissue collection in 2. Bone erosions were seen in 16 patients with rim enhancement in nine patients. Central erosions were seen in eight, while central and peripheral erosions in eight. On T1-weighted images, the signal intensity was hyperintense 10 and isointense in 11 patients. While on T2-weighted images, it was hyperintense in 10, isointense in nine, and hypointense in two patients. Conclusion: Large joint monoarticular tuberculous arthritis can present variably. Large erosions with rim enhancement, the signal intensity of synovium on T1 weighted and T2 weighted, uniformity of synovial thickening, and enhancement pattern of abscesses can help make a diagnosis.

Myxofibrosarcoma: clinical and prognostic value of MRI features

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Spinnato ◽  
Andrea Sambri ◽  
Tomohiro Fujiwara ◽  
Luca Ceccarelli ◽  
Roberta Clinca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mri Features

: Myxofibrosarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in the elderly. It is characterized by an extremely high rate of local recurrence, higher than other soft tissue tumors, and a relatively low risk of distant metastases.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of myxofibrosarcoma and plays a key role in the preoperative setting of these patients.MRI features associated with high risk of local recurrence are: high myxoid matrix content (water-like appearance of the lesions), high grade of contrast enhancement, presence of an infiltrative pattern (“tail sign”). On the other hand, MRI features associated with worse sarcoma specific survival are: large size of the lesion, deep location, high grade of contrast enhancement. Recognizing the above-mentioned imaging features of myxofibrosarcoma may be helpful to stratify the risk for local recurrence and disease-specific survival. Moreover, the surgical planning should be adjusted according to the MRI features

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