scholarly journals Lung histopathological findings in COVID-19 disease – a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pannone ◽  
Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio ◽  
Ilenia Sara De Stefano ◽  
Maria Antonietta Ramunno ◽  
Mario Meccariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Type I ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Pathological Mechanism

AbstractSince December 2019, the global burden of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased rapidly and has impacted nearly every country in the world, affecting those who are elderly or with underlying comorbidities or immunocompromised states. Aim of this systematic review is to summarize lung histopathological characteristics of COVID-19, not only for diagnostic purpose but also to evaluate changes that can reflect pathophysiological pathways that can inform clinicians of useful treatment strategies. We identified following histopathological changes among our patients:: hyaline membranes; endothelial cells/ interstitial cells involvement; alveolar cells, type I pneumocytes/ type II pneumocytes involvement; interstitial and/ or alveolar edema; evidence of hemorrhage, of inflammatory cells, evidence of microthrombi; evidence of fibrin deposition and of viral infection in the tissue samples.The scenario with proliferative cell desquamation is typical of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that can be classified as diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and not DAD-ARDS. The proposed pathological mechanism concerns the role of both innate and adaptive components of the immune system. COVID-19 lethal cases present themselves as a heterogeneous disease, characterized by the different simultaneous presence of different histological findings, which reflect histological phases with corresponding different pathological pathways (epithelial, vascular and fibrotic changes), in the same patient.

Cellular and subcellular localizations of annexins I, IV, and VI in lung epithelia

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. L863-L871 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mayran ◽  
V. Traverso ◽  
S. Maroux ◽  
D. Massey-Harroche
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Annexin I ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling

The cellular and subcellular localizations of annexins I, IV, and VI in the rabbit tracheal and alveolar epithelia were studied by performing immunofluorescence labeling on thin frozen sections of these tissues, using specific monoclonal antibodies. Annexin I was highly expressed by ciliated cells, where it was concentrated in the cilia but was also present along the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane and in the nuclei. It was also abundant in the cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages. Either one or both of these alveolar cells might be capable of secreting a very small amount of annexin I, which was found to be associated with the surfactant layer. Annexin IV was synthesized by all the lung epithelial cells. It was associated with the plasma membrane basolateral domain in ciliated cells and with either the apical or basal domain of plasma membrane in type I pneumocytes, whereas it was cytoplasmic in goblet cells and type II pneumocytes. Annexin VI was expressed only by alveolar endothelial cells, where it was probably cytoplasmic. None of these three annexins seem to be expressed in the nondifferentiated tracheal basal epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Autopsy findings in COVID-19-related deaths: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniello Maiese ◽  
Alice Chiara Manetti ◽  
Raffaele La Russa ◽  
Marco Di Paolo ◽  
Emanuela Turillazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Improve Patient Management ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Although many clinical reports have been published, little is known about the pathological post-mortem findings from people who have died of the novel coronavirus disease. The need for postmortem information is urgent to improve patient management of mild and severe illness, and treatment strategies. The present systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) standards. A systematic literature search and a critical review of the collected studies were conducted. An electronic search of PubMed, Science Direct Scopus, Google Scholar, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) from database inception to June 2020 was performed. We found 28 scientific papers; the total amount of cases is 341. The major histological feature in the lung is diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membrane formation, alongside microthrombi in small pulmonary vessels. It appears that there is a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among COVID-19 decedents, suggesting endothelial involvement, but more studies are needed. A uniform COVID-19 post-mortem diagnostic protocol has not yet been developed. In a time in which international collaboration is essential, standardized diagnostic criteria are fundamental requirements.

scholarly journals Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6494) ◽  
pp. 1012-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Rockx ◽  
Thijs Kuiken ◽  
Sander Herfst ◽  
Theo Bestebroer ◽  
Mart M. Lamers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Model ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nose And Throat

The current pandemic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)–CoV and compared the pathology and virology with historical reports of SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2–infected macaques, virus was excreted from nose and throat in the absence of clinical signs and detected in type I and II pneumocytes in foci of diffuse alveolar damage and in ciliated epithelial cells of nasal, bronchial, and bronchiolar mucosae. In SARS-CoV infection, lung lesions were typically more severe, whereas they were milder in MERS-CoV infection, where virus was detected mainly in type II pneumocytes. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19–like disease in macaques and provides a new model to test preventive and therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathogenesis Of COVID-19, MERS And SARS In A Non-Human Primate Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Rockx ◽  
Thijs Kuiken ◽  
Sander Herfst ◽  
Theo Bestebroer ◽  
Mart M. Lamers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Virus Excretion ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nose And Throat ◽  
Human Primate

AbstractA novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19. To compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV and compared with historical SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques, virus was excreted from nose and throat in absence of clinical signs, and detected in type I and II pneumocytes in foci of diffuse alveolar damage and mucous glands of the nasal cavity. In SARS-CoV-infection, lung lesions were typically more severe, while they were milder in MERS-CoV infection, where virus was detected mainly in type II pneumocytes. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 can cause a COVID-19-like disease, and suggest that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is intermediate between that of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.One Sentence SummarySARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques results in COVID-19-like disease with prolonged virus excretion from nose and throat in absence of clinical signs.

scholarly journals BK Virus Associated Haemorrhagic Cystitis. A systematic review of current prevention and treatment strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aldiwani ◽  
T. Tharakan ◽  
A. Al-Hassani ◽  
N. Gibbons ◽  
J. Pavlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Haemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

scholarly journals Emerging Treatment Strategies for Impetigo in Endemic and Nonendemic Settings: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Gahlawat ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Mary Bushell ◽  
Solomon Abrha ◽  
Gregory M. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Strategies

scholarly journals Treatment strategies for cerebrospinal shunt infections: a systematic review of observational studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038978
Author(s):  
Joan L Robinson ◽  
Dolores Freire ◽  
Liza Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Shunt Infections

ObjectiveA systematic review was conducted of studies comparing time to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sterilisation or rate of recurrence with different treatment strategies for CSF shunt infections.MethodsA librarian-directed search was conducted of Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid Medline Daily and Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Wiley Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text via EBSCOhost, Scopus Advanced Search, and Web of Science Core Collection from 1990 to May 2019. Studies of any design that compared outcomes in groups of any age with different management strategies were included. Studies that compared complete versus incomplete shunt removal were excluded. Quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsThe search identified 2208 records, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria. All were cohort studies of moderate quality. Four studies compared the duration of antibiotics; none demonstrates that a longer course prevented recurrences. Two studies analysed addition of rifampin, with one showing a decrease in recurrences while the other had a small sample size. No studies analysed the addition of intraventricular antibiotics, but one showed equally good results with once versus twice daily administration. One study reported no difference in recurrences with placement of antibiotic-impregnated catheters. Recurrence rates did not differ with shunt replacement minimum of 7 days vs less than 7 days after CSF became sterile. There were no recurrences in either group when shunt replacement was performed after sterile CSF cultures were obtained at 24 vs 48 hours after antibiotics were discontinued. A new shunt entry site did not decrease recurrences.DiscussionThe main limitations are the lack of high-quality studies, the small sample sizes and the heterogeneity which precluded meta-analysis. Addition of rifampin for staphylococcal infections may decrease relapse but requires further study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document