scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia—receptor binding and lung immunopathology: a narrative review

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Saad Menezes ◽  
Diego Vinicius Santinelli Pestana ◽  
Gustavo Rosa Gameiro ◽  
Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva ◽  
Ėlodie Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Autopsy Findings

AbstractThe current pandemic of COVID-19 caused thousands of deaths and healthcare professionals struggle to properly manage infected patients. This review summarizes information about SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding dynamics and intricacies, lung autopsy findings, immune response patterns, evidence-based explanations for the immune response, and COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability.

The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Health Care Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Donaher ◽  
Christina Deery ◽  
Sarah Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Developmental Profile

Healthcare professionals require a thorough understanding of stuttering since they frequently play an important role in the identification and differential diagnosis of stuttering for preschool children. This paper introduces The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Healthcare Professionals (PSSHP) which highlights risk factors identified in the literature as being associated with persistent stuttering. By integrating the results of the checklist with a child’s developmental profile, healthcare professionals can make better-informed, evidence-based decisions for their patients.

Author response for "Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kronsteiner ◽  
Panjaporn Chaichana ◽  
Manutsanun Sumonwiriya ◽  
Kemajitra Jenjaroen ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Response Patterns

scholarly journals Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in COVID-19: correlation of the autopsy findings of bone marrow haemophagocytosis with HScore

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-207337
Author(s):  
Claudia Núñez-Torrón ◽  
Ana Ferrer-Gómez ◽  
Esther Moreno Moreno ◽  
Belen Pérez-Mies ◽  
Jesús Villarrubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Bone Marrow Tissue ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
Clinical Records

BackgroundSecondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is characterised by a hyper activation of immune system that leads to multiorgan failure. It is suggested that excessive immune response in patients with COVID-19 could mimic this syndrome. Some COVID-19 autopsy studies have revealed the presence of haemophagocytosis images in bone marrow, raising the possibility, along with HScore parameters, of sHLH.AimOur objective is to ascertain the existence of sHLH in some patients with severe COVID-19.MethodsWe report the autopsy histological findings of 16 patients with COVID-19, focusing on the presence of haemophagocytosis in bone marrow, obtained from rib squeeze and integrating these findings with HScore parameters. CD68 immunohistochemical stains were used to highlight histiocytes and haemophagocytic cells. Clinical evolution and laboratory parameters of patients were collected from electronic clinical records.ResultsEleven patients (68.7%) displayed moderate histiocytic hyperplasia with haemophagocytosis (HHH) in bone marrow, three patients (18.7%) displayed severe HHH and the remainder were mild. All HScore parameters were collected in 10 patients (62.5%). Among the patients in which all parameters were evaluable, eight patients (80%) had an HScore >169. sHLH was not clinically suspected in any case.ConclusionsOur results support the recommendation of some authors to use the HScore in patients with severe COVID-19 in order to identify those who could benefit from immunosuppressive therapies. The presence of haemophagocytosis in bone marrow tissue, despite not being a specific finding, has proved to be a very useful tool in our study to identify these patients.

scholarly journals Response patterns in adventitial layer of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts from naturally infected cattle and sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
María Soledad Baquedano ◽  
Ismael Pereira ◽  
Carmen Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Adventitial Layer ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The disease is characterized by the development of cystic structures inside viscera of the intermediate host, mainly liver and lungs. These cysts are formed by three layers: germinal, laminated, and adventitial layer, the latter being the local host immune response. Metacestodes that develop protoscoleces, the infective stage to the definitive host, are termed fertile, whereas cysts that do not produce protoscoleces are termed non-fertile. Sheep usually harbor fertile cysts while cattle usually harbor non-fertile cysts. Adventitial layers with fibrotic resolution are associated to fertile cysts, whereas a granulomatous reaction is associated with non-fertile cysts. The aim of this study was to analyze cellular distribution in the adventitial layer of fertile and non-fertile E. granulosus sensu stricto cysts found in liver and lungs of cattle and sheep. A total of 418 cysts were analyzed, 203 from cattle (8 fertile and 195 non-fertile) and 215 from sheep (64 fertile and 151 non-fertile). Fertile cysts from cattle showed mixed patterns of response, with fibrotic resolution and presence of granulomatous response in direct contact with the laminated layer, while sheep fertile cysts always displayed fibrotic resolution next to the laminated layer. Cattle non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction in direct contact with the laminated layer, whereas sheep non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction, but in direct contact with the fibrotic resolution. This shows that cattle and sheep cystic echinococcosis cysts have distinct local immune response patterns, which are associated to metacestode fertility.

scholarly journals A Review of Evidence-Based Recommendations for Pericoronitis Management and a Systematic Review of Antibiotic Prescribing for Pericoronitis among Dentists: Inappropriate Pericoronitis Treatment Is a Critical Factor of Antibiotic Overuse in Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6796
Author(s):  
Jan Schmidt ◽  
Martina Kunderova ◽  
Nela Pilbauerova ◽  
Martin Kapitan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
Clinically Significant

This work provides a narrative review covering evidence-based recommendations for pericoronitis management (Part A) and a systematic review of antibiotic prescribing for pericoronitis from January 2000 to May 2021 (Part B). Part A presents the most recent, clinically significant, and evidence-based guidance for pericoronitis diagnosis and proper treatment recommending the local therapy over antibiotic prescribing, which should be reserved for severe conditions. The systematic review includes publications analyzing sets of patients treated for pericoronitis and questionnaires that identified dentists' therapeutic approaches to pericoronitis. Questionnaires among dentists revealed that almost 75% of them prescribed antibiotics for pericoronitis, and pericoronitis was among the top 4 in the frequency of antibiotic use within the surveyed diagnoses and situations. Studies involving patients showed that antibiotics were prescribed to more than half of the patients with pericoronitis, and pericoronitis was among the top 2 in the frequency of antibiotic use within the monitored diagnoses and situations. The most prescribed antibiotics for pericoronitis were amoxicillin and metronidazole. The systematic review results show abundant and unnecessary use of antibiotics for pericoronitis and are in strong contrast to evidence-based recommendations summarized in the narrative review. Adherence of dental professionals to the recommendations presented in this work can help rapidly reduce the duration of pericoronitis, prevent its complications, and reduce the use of antibiotics and thus reduce its impact on patients' quality of life, healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance development.

scholarly journals The hospital telemedicine TELEMED database: Providing information on evidence-based telemedicine services to hospital managers and healthcare professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2110155
Author(s):  
Kristian Kidholm ◽  
Ida W Svendsen ◽  
Knud Yderstræde ◽  
Anne M Ølholm ◽  
Kathrine Rayce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Patients

Background Increased use of telemedicine in the healthcare system is a political goal in Denmark. Although the number of hospital patients using interventions such as the video consultation has increased in recent years only a small proportion of the outpatient and inpatient visits involve telemedicine. The TELEMED database ( https://telemedicine.cimt.dk/ ) has been launched at the Center for Innovative Medical Technologies in Denmark to ensure that hospital managers and healthcare professionals have access to information about telemedicine services and their effectiveness. This article describes the development and the content of the TELEMED database. Methods A structured literature search was made in the PubMed Database for randomised controlled trials or observational studies with a control group that investigated the effect of telemedicine interventions for hospital patients. Data were extracted from each article on the clinical effectiveness, patient perceptions, economic effects and implementation challenges. As the database should only provide inspiration to healthcare professionals regarding possibilities for use of telemedicine, the risk of bias in the studies was not assessed. Results The literature search resulted in 2825 hits. Based on full text assessment, 331 articles were included for data extraction and assessment. These articles present telemedicine services used in 22 different medical specialities. Forty-eight percent of the studies found a positive, statistically significant clinical effect, while 47% showed no statistically significant difference. In 48% of the studies, patients’ experiences were examined and of these 68% found positive patient experiences. Fifty-four percent of the articles included information on the economic effects and, of these, 51% found reduction in healthcare utilization. In the majority of studies between two and four types of implementation challenges were found. Conclusions and recommendations: The TELEMED database provides an easily accessible overview of existing evidence-based telemedicine services for use by hospital managers and health professionals, who whish to to implement telemedicine. The database is freely available and expected to be continuously improved and broadened over time.

Radiotherapy-Specific Chronic Pain Syndromes in the Cancer Population: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Karri ◽  
Laura Lachman ◽  
Alex Hanania ◽  
Anuj Marathe ◽  
Mani Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

scholarly journals COVID-19: Before the Fall, An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rebold ◽  
Dana Holger ◽  
Sara Alosaimy ◽  
Taylor Morrisette ◽  
Michael Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals Development of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies after Infection with Variants of Concern or Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Franziska Neumann ◽  
Ruben Rose ◽  
Janine Römpke ◽  
Olaf Grobe ◽  
Thomas Lorentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Nucleoprotein N

The humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination was examined. Convalescent sera after infection with variants of concern (VOCs: B.1.1.7, n = 10; B.1.351, n = 1) and sera from 100 vaccinees (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2, n = 33; Moderna, mRNA-1273, n = 11; AstraZeneca, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222, n = 56) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against the viral spike (S)-protein, its receptor-binding domain (RBD), the nucleoprotein (N) and for virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA). For the latter, surrogate assays (sVNT) and a Vero-cell based neutralization test (cVNT) were used. Maturity of IgG was determined by measuring the avidity in an immunoblot (IB). Past VOC infection resulted in a broad reactivity of anti-S IgG (100%), anti-RBD IgG (100%), and anti-N IgG (91%), while latter were absent in 99% of vaccinees. Starting approximately two weeks after the first vaccine dose, anti-S IgG (75–100%) and particularly anti-RBD IgG (98–100%) were detectable. After the second dose, their titers increased and were higher than in the convalescents. The sVNT showed evidence of VNA in 91% of convalescents and in 80–100%/100% after first/second vaccine dose, respectively. After the second dose, an increase in VNA titer and IgGs of high avidity were demonstrated by cVNT and IB, respectively. Re-vaccination contributes to a more robust immune response.

scholarly journals Comprehensive physiotherapy management in covid-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivendran Kalirathinam ◽  
Raj Guruchandran ◽  
Prabhakar Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

The 2019 novel coronavirus officially named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization, has spread to more than 180 countries. The ongoing global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, spread to the United Kingdom (UK) in January 2020. Transmission within the UK was confirmed in February, leading to an epidemic with a rapid increase in cases in March. As on April 25- 2020, there have been 148,377 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK and 20,319 people with confirmed infection have died. Survival of critically ill patients is frequently associated with significant functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life. Early physiotherapy and community rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients has recently been identified as an essential therapeutic tool and has become a crucial evidence-based component in the management of these patients. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe recent progress in the application of physiotherapy management in COVID 19 patients. Assessment and evidence- based treatment of these patients should include prevention, reduction of adverse consequences in immobilization, and long-term impairment sequelae. A variety of techniques and modalities of early physiotherapy in intensive care unit are suggested by clinical research. They should be applied according to the stage of the disease, comorbidities, and patient’s level of cooperation.

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