scholarly journals Meta-analysis of cyathostomin species-specific prevalence and relative abundance in domestic horses from 1975–2020: emphasis on geographical region and specimen collection method

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Bellaw ◽  
Martin K. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Cyathostomins infect virtually all horses, and concomitant infections with 10 or more species per horse is standard. Species-specific knowledge is limited, despite potential species bias in development of disease and anthelmintic resistance. This is the first meta-analysis to examine effects of geographical region and cyathostomin collection method on reported composition of cyathostomin communities. Methods Thirty-seven articles published in English in 1975 or later, in which adults of individual species were systematically enumerated, were included. Seven regions; North America, South America, eastern Europe, western Europe, northern Europe, southern Africa, and Oceania, and three cyathostomin collection methods; (i) standard necropsy recovery from the large intestine, (ii) critical test collection from post-treatment feces and necropsy, and (iii) diagnostic deworming recovery solely from post-treatment feces, were considered. Generalized mixed linear models analyzed the effects of region and collection method on species-specific prevalence and relative abundance. Species richness was analyzed by mixed linear models. Results Definitively, the most prevalent and relatively abundant species were Cylicocyclus nassatus (prevalence = 93%, relative abundance = 20%), Cylicostephanus (Cys.) longibursatus (93%, 20%), and Cyathostomum catinatum (90%, 16%). A bias toward horses with high infection intensities and cyathostomin collection from feces resulted in North American critical tests and eastern European diagnostic deworming overestimating the species-specific prevalence and underestimating the relative abundance of rare/uncommon species compared to respective intra-regional standard necropsies. North American critical tests underestimated species richness due partially to identification key errors. Inter-regional standard necropsy comparisons yielded some species-specific regional differences, including a significantly higher Cys. longibursatus prevalence and relative abundance in North America (92%, 33%) than in eastern Europe (51%, 7%) (P > 0.0001). Localization of critical tests to North America and diagnostic deworming to Eastern Europe precluded expansive ‘region by collection method’ interaction analyses. Conclusion We provide substantial data to inform study design, e.g. effect and study size, for cyathostomin research and highlight necessity for method standardization and raw data accessibility for optimal post-factum comparisons.

Forty years of dietary studies on barn owl (Tyto alba) reveal long term trends in diversity metrics of small mammal prey

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Milana ◽  
Luca Luiselli ◽  
Giovanni Amori
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe diet of predators is influenced by local conditions (e.g., characteristics of habitat and microhabitat, seasonality, prey availability) and therefore tends to change across time. In this paper, the diet composition of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in Italy was studied using a meta-analysis of 47 articles (covering 212 independent sites, with multiple surveys for some sites, thus giving a total of 290 datasets) between 1972 and 2012. General Linear Models were used to assess the effects of year and study site on four distinct diversity indices (species richness, dominance, Shannon-Weaver diversity and equitability). The year of data collection was a factor used in all analyses. Year had a greater effect than study site on all diversity indices, but the effect was not significant for the evenness and the species richness. However, dietary dominance increased significantly over the years, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity decreased significantly over time, and equitability also decreased significantly over time. The relative abundance of various species of rodents did not increase/decrease progressively over the years, although there were inter-annual fluctuations. On the other hand, the relative abundance of insectivores tended to decrease with time, and there was a significantly negative correlation between year and the frequency of consumption of Sorex spp. and a marginally significant negative correlation for Crocidura leucodon.

Lupus Increases The Incidence Ratio Of Hematologic Malignancies: A Meta-Analysis Of Cohort Studies

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 2948-2948
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Apor ◽  
Jennifer O'Brien ◽  
Merin M. Stephen ◽  
Jorge J. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Subset Analysis

Abstract Introduction Hematologic malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant hematopoietic cells. Given this heterogeneity, it is likely that the etiology for these conditions is also diverse and distinct between them. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory condition that has been associated with an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the role of SLE in the etiology of other hematologic malignancies is unclear. The primary objective of our study is to evaluate, using a meta-analysis of observational studies, the association between SLE and NHL, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), leukemia and myeloma. A secondary objective was to evaluate potential differences according to geographical region. Methods At least two of the investigators performed a MEDLINE search from January 1, 1995 through June 30, 2013 looking for cohort studies reporting on the association between SLE and the risk of developing hematologic malignancies. The search keyword was “lupus AND (leukemia OR lymphoma OR myeloma)”. Data were gathered independently by at least two of the investigators and disagreements were addressed by consensus. The outcome of interest was the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hematological malignancies in adult patients with SLE in comparison with the general population. The outcome was calculated using the random-effects model (REM), which adjusts for inter and intra-study heterogeneity. Additionally, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index. I2values of 25%, 50% and 75% indicated low, moderate and severe heterogeneity, respectively. The quality of the studies was assessed separately by at least two of the investigators using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Studies with NOS 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 were considered of low, intermediate and high quality, respectively. Publication bias was assessed by the trim-and-fill analysis, which identifies and adjusts for imputed unpublished studies. Subset analyses were performed by geographical region (i.e. Asia, Europe and North America). All calculations and graphics obtained using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.050 (Biostat, New Jersey, USA). Results Our initial search found 976 studies, from which 15 studies were included in our analysis. Eight studies (53%) were from Europe, 4 (27%) from North America, 2 (13%) from Asia and 1 (7%) was a multi-national efforts. Cohort studies identified 488 cases of hematologic malignancies among 70,375 individuals (87% women, 13% men) with a diagnosis of SLE. Based on the NOS scale, 12 studies (80%) were considered of high and 3 (20%) of intermediate quality. SLE was associated with increased SIR of NHL (SIR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.9, p<0.001) with high heterogeneity (I2=91%). The increased SIR of NHL was seen in all geographical regions: Europe SIR 6.4 (95% CI 2.9-13.8; p<0.001), North America SIR 4.6 (95% CI 2.6-8.3; p<0.001), Asia SIR 9.2 (95% CI 4.7-18.2; p<0.001). SLE was associated with a high SIR of HL (SIR 3.9, 95% CI 2.4-6.3; p<0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (I2=33%). The SIR of HL was increased in European (SIR 5.5, 95% CI 2.6-11.7; p<0.001) and North American studies (SIR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3-17.1; p=0.017). SLE was also associated with increased SIR of leukemia (SIR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8-2.9, p<0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (I2=49%). The SIR of leukemia was increased in all regions: Europe SIR 3.0 (1.1-7.6; p=0.026), North America SIR 2.2 (1.7-2.8; p<0.001), Asia SIR 2.6 (2.5-2.8; p<0.001). A weaker association was found between SLE and myeloma (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.0, p=0.03) without heterogeneity (I2=0%). Subset analysis by geographical region could not be undertaken in patients with myeloma. Publication bias would have not affected any of our results. Conclusions Compared with the general population, individuals with SLE have an increased SIR of hematologic malignancies. Not surprisingly, SLE was associated with a 5-fold increase in SIRs for NHL. However, SLE was also associated with increased SIR of HL (4-fold), leukemia (2-fold) and, at a lower degree, myeloma (1.5-fold). Our subset analysis showed that SLE increases the SIR of NHL, HL and leukemia regardless of the geographical region. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenetic role of SLE in hematologic malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The effect of woodland proximity and wetland characteristics on larval anuran assemblages in an agricultural landscapeThis is contribution No. 82 of the MacArthur Agro-Ecology Research Center.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Babbitt ◽  
M.J. Baber ◽  
L.A. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
South Central ◽  
Specific Retention ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hyla Femoralis

Changes to landscapes for agricultural activities often result in reduction and fragmentation of forested habitat. Land conversion for cattle ranching in south-central Florida has resulted in increases in pasture land interspersed with remnant patches of hardwood hammock. To examine the importance of these hammocks to anurans, we sampled 78 seasonally inundated wetlands to examine the relative importance of proximity of hardwood hammock patches (>20 ha) and wetland characteristics and used generalized linear models to determine which factors had a significant effect on larval anuran species richness or abundance. Species richness was significantly influenced by pH, conductivity, and water depth. Proximity to hammock did not influence species richness; however, assemblage composition differed between wetlands near hammocks and wetlands surrounded by pasture. Barking treefrogs ( Hyla gratiosa LeConte, 1856), pine woods treefrogs ( Hyla femoralis Bosc in Daudin, 1800), and oak toads ( Bufo quercicus Holbrook, 1840) bred only in wetlands within 20, 50, and 200 m of hammocks, respectively. Factors influencing tadpole abundances were species-specific. Retention of seasonally inundated wetlands proximal to large hammocks on ranchlands can provide important habitat for supporting a diverse assemblage of anurans.

RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND THE SPECIES-SPECIFIC REINFORCEMENT OF MALE MATING PREFERENCE IN THE CHRYSOCHUS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) HYBRID ZONE

Evolution ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill A. Peterson ◽  
Barbara M. Honchak ◽  
Stefanie E. Locke ◽  
Timothy E. Beeman ◽  
Jessica Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Mating Preference ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Species Specific

Inheritance and Correlation Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) by Mixed Linear Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Chang-You LIU ◽  
Bao-Jie FAN ◽  
Zhi-Min CAO ◽  
Yan WANG ◽  
Zhi-Xiao ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mixed Linear Models

Aquatic and semi aquatic Hemiptera community of Sonebeel, the largest wetland of Assam, northeastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 12792-12799
Author(s):  
Anupama Saha ◽  
Susmita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Ecological Roles

Aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera bugs play significant ecological roles, and they are important indicators and pest control agents.  Little information is currently available concerning its populations in southern Assam.  This study assessed hemipterans in four sites of Sonebeel, the largest wetland in Assam (3458.12 ha at full storage level), situated in Karimganj District.  The major inflow and outflow of the wetland are the rivers Singla and Kachua, respectively (the Kachua drains into the Kushiyara River).  Samples were trapped with pond nets and were seasonally recorded.  This study recorded a total of 28 species of aquatic and semiaquatic hemipterans belonging to 20 genera under nine families.  Population, geographical and environmental data (e.g., rainfall) were used to assess the relative abundance of species, species richness and different diversity indices, and species distribution. 

scholarly journals Factors affecting presence and relative abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a habitat specialist

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Felipe Osuna ◽  
Roger Guevara ◽  
Enrique Martínez-Meyer ◽  
Raúl Alcalá ◽  
Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Patch Occupancy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rock Cover ◽  
Volcanic Fields ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Habitat specialists are particularly vulnerable to extinction when habitat conditions are altered. Information on the habitat use of such species is thus important because it provides insight into factors that influence distribution and abundance, which is crucial for conservation. Here, we aimed to identify factors that influence the patterns of presence and abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a rare leporid with a patchy distribution. Through exhaustive sampling of its range in the Sierra Chichinautzin and Sierra Nevada volcanic fields, Mexico, and using generalized linear models, we found that the probability of patch occupancy was higher where bunchgrass cover exceeded 75%, rock cover exceeded 5%, no cattle grazing was observed and human settlements were at least 7 km away. Patches with greater relative abundance were those with similar characteristics, but located at elevations > 3,600 m, and with rock cover < 15%. Cattle grazing was identified as a major threat to local populations of the volcano rabbit, particularly in the Sierra Chichinautzin. Because of the significance of bunchgrasses for this species, the protection of the mountain grasslands is required in both volcanic fields.

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