scholarly journals Molecular characterization and serodiagnostic potential of Echinococcus granulosus hexokinase

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Xin ◽  
Miaomiao Yuan ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Huanping Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry ◽  
Laminated Layer

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto), is a life-threatening but neglected zoonosis. Glycolytic enzymes are crucial molecules for the survival and development of E. granulosus. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterization, immunogenicity, tissue distribution and serodiagnostic potential of E. granulosus hexokinase (EgHK), the first key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Methods EgHK was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Specific serum antibodies were evaluated in mice immunized with recombinant EgHK (rEgHK). The location of EgHK in the larval stage of E. granulosus was determined using fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and the potential of rEgHK as a diagnostic antigen was investigated in patients with CE using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Recombinant EgHK could be identified in the sera of patients with CE and in mouse anti-rEgHK sera. High titers of specific immunoglobulin G were induced in mice after immunization with rEgHK. EgHK was mainly located in the tegument, suckers and hooklets of protoscoleces and in the germinal layer and laminated layer of the cyst wall. The sensitivity and specificity of the rEgHK-ELISA reached 91.3% (42/46) and 87.8% (43/49), respectively. Conclusions We have characterized the sequence, structure and location of EgHK and investigated the immunoreactivity, immunogenicity and serodiagnostic potential of rEgHK. Our results suggest that EgHK may be a promising candidate for the development of vaccines against E. granulosus and an effective antigen for the diagnosis of human CE.

scholarly journals Response patterns in adventitial layer of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts from naturally infected cattle and sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
María Soledad Baquedano ◽  
Ismael Pereira ◽  
Carmen Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Adventitial Layer ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The disease is characterized by the development of cystic structures inside viscera of the intermediate host, mainly liver and lungs. These cysts are formed by three layers: germinal, laminated, and adventitial layer, the latter being the local host immune response. Metacestodes that develop protoscoleces, the infective stage to the definitive host, are termed fertile, whereas cysts that do not produce protoscoleces are termed non-fertile. Sheep usually harbor fertile cysts while cattle usually harbor non-fertile cysts. Adventitial layers with fibrotic resolution are associated to fertile cysts, whereas a granulomatous reaction is associated with non-fertile cysts. The aim of this study was to analyze cellular distribution in the adventitial layer of fertile and non-fertile E. granulosus sensu stricto cysts found in liver and lungs of cattle and sheep. A total of 418 cysts were analyzed, 203 from cattle (8 fertile and 195 non-fertile) and 215 from sheep (64 fertile and 151 non-fertile). Fertile cysts from cattle showed mixed patterns of response, with fibrotic resolution and presence of granulomatous response in direct contact with the laminated layer, while sheep fertile cysts always displayed fibrotic resolution next to the laminated layer. Cattle non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction in direct contact with the laminated layer, whereas sheep non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction, but in direct contact with the fibrotic resolution. This shows that cattle and sheep cystic echinococcosis cysts have distinct local immune response patterns, which are associated to metacestode fertility.

myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate is a major component of an extracellular structure in the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus

2002 ◽  
Vol 362 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia IRIGOÍN ◽  
Fernando FERREIRA ◽  
Cecilia FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Robert B. SIM ◽  
Alvaro DÍAZ
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Inositol Hexakisphosphate ◽  
Cestode Parasite ◽  
Isolated Compound ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Cellular Layer

myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an abundant intracellular component of animal cells. In this study we describe the presence of extracellular IP6 in the hydatid cyst wall (HCW) of the larval stage of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The HCW comprises an inner cellular layer and an outer, acellular (laminated) layer up to 2mm in thickness that protects the parasite from host immune cells. A compound, subsequently identified as IP6, was detected in and purified from an HCW extract on the basis of its capacity to inhibit complement activation. The identification of the isolated compound was carried out by a combination of NMR, MS and TLC. The majority of IP6 in the HCW was found in the acellular layer, with only a small fraction of the compound being extracted from cells. In the laminated layer, IP6 was present in association with calcium, and accounted for up to 15% of the total dry mass of the HCW. IP6 was not detected in any other structures or stages of the parasite. Our results imply that IP6 is secreted by the larval stage of the parasite in a polarized fashion towards the interface with the host. This is the first report of the secretion of IP6, and the possible implications beyond the biology of E. granulosus are discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from Humans in Slovenia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Barbara Šoba ◽  
Špela Gašperšič ◽  
Darja Keše ◽  
Tadeja Kotar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

The larval form of tapeworms of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species cluster cause an important zoonotic infection, cystic echinococcosis (CE). Molecular characterization of the cluster’s isolates from different hosts greatly contributes to a better understanding of its transmission dynamics. To date, no genetic information is available on CE in Slovenia. In this work, we characterized isolates from human CE cases. Parasite samples from 18 patients were collected, together with the patients’ demographic and clinical data. Genomic DNA was analyzed by conventional PCR and sequencing at four mitochondrial loci (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cox1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, nad1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5, nad5; and small ribosomal RNA, rrnS). Thirteen isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced. Seven (58.8%) patients were infected with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1, five (38.5%) with E. canadensis G7 and one (7.7%) with E. granulosus s.s. G3. Echinococcus canadensis G7, the pig genotype, was identified exclusively in autochthonous Slovenes, while the patients originating from the Western Balkans were all infected with E. granulosus s.s. Our findings suggest that pigs are important intermediate hosts for human CE in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1252-1260
Author(s):  
Jamila S. Al Malki ◽  
Nahed Ahmed Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Biological Studies

Abstract Taeniids, consisting of two genera Echinococcus and Taenia, are obligatory tapeworms of mammals, and their pathogenicity was due to infection with larval stages. Hydatid (the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus) and coenurus (the larval stage of Taenia multiceps) cysts are prevalent in domestic, wild ruminants, livestock, swine, and dogs, and accidentally they could also be found in humans. They lead to different clinical manifestations that cause economic loss in livestock and human morbidity. In Saudi Arabia, few studies were performed on hydatid and coenurus cyst genetic variations. The main goal of the present study was to identify E. granulosus and T. multiceps cyst isolates collected from slaughtered Harri sheep in Saudi Arabia by partial sequencing with PCR amplification of the cytochrome C oxidase 1 (COX1) gene. Molecular and phylogenetic evaluation based on COX1 sequences indicated that cyst isolates belong to E. granulosus and T. multiceps, respectively, successfully submitted in NCBI Genbank. Molecular characterization showed a low nucleotide diversity with two submitted isolates of coenurus with related isolates of Genbank. Conversely, E. granulosus isolates showed higher nucleotide diversity. The reported data could serve as a foundation for future molecular epidemiological and biological studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Northern Xinjiang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Guo ◽  
Zhuangzhi Zhang ◽  
Xueting Zheng ◽  
Yongzhong Guo ◽  
Gang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Northern Xinjiang ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto

Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Echinococcus canadensis in humans and livestock from Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 2423-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houria Zait ◽  
Mokhtaria Kouidri ◽  
Florence Elisabeth Grenouillet ◽  
Gérald Umhang ◽  
Laurence Millon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Echinococcus Canadensis ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto

scholarly journals Hydatid cysts of lung and axillary region mimic lung metastasis: A case repor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Majid Montazer ◽  
Sama Rahnemayan
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Axillary Region

Hydatid cyst disease is one of the zoonoses caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus,mostly involving the liver and the lungs; but its complications can be seen in every site andorgan. Sometimes it can cause suspicious and complicated cases that mimic malignancy. Forinstance, axillary involvement of hydatid cyst is very rare. It is important to differentiate hydatidcyst disease from cancer, since it may show malignant features when pulmonary or other distantorgan involvement takes place. In this study, we present a case of multiple masses in the lungsand the axillary region in a 48-year-old woman. The ultrasonography was unable to detecthydatid cysts. Biological values were normal except for serum sodium (Na) and potassium (K);and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was negative. Hydatid cyst was diagnosedwhile taking a biopsy from the axillary tumor.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Northern Xinjiang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Baoping Guo ◽  
Zhuangzhi Zhang ◽  
Xueting Zheng ◽  
Yongzhong Guo ◽  
Gang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Northern Xinjiang ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto

Molecular characterization of the horse isolate of Echinococcus granulosus in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Utuk ◽  
S. Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is one of the most important helminthozoonoses, affecting various species of intermediate hosts and humans. In this report, we present Echinococcus granulosus infection in a horse and its molecular characterization. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA (mt-12S rRNA) and partial sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) genes were performed. According to the mt-12S rRNA-PCR result, the horse isolate was grouped with E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1–G3) and the partial mt-CO1 sequence corresponded to the G1 strain. This is the first study of the molecular characterization of the horse isolate of E. granulosus in Turkey.

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