scholarly journals Children with oedema recover better than those with severe wasting in outpatient therapeutic program at Boloso Sore district, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Yohannis Kabalo ◽  
Bereket Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Therapeutic Program ◽  
Outpatient Therapeutic Program ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Do coffee cooperatives benefit farmers? An exploration of heterogeneous impact of coffee cooperative membership in Southwest Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekarias Shumeta ◽  
Marijke D’Haese
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South West Ethiopia ◽  
Better Than

Smallholder farmers’ participation in agricultural cooperatives is often promoted as a promising strategy for overcoming market imperfections and to increase farmers’ productivity and income. In recognition of this potential, in recent years, Ethiopia has shown renewed interest in promoting cooperatives. However, there is lack of empirical evidence of the impact that cooperatives have on farmers’ performance in Ethiopia. Using a matching technique, we evaluate the impact of coffee cooperatives on the performance of their member households in terms of income and coffee production. We use data from coffee farmers in south-west Ethiopia. The overall results suggest that members of cooperatives are not faring much better than non-members. The treatment effects we measured were not statistically significant from zero. Yet, the aggregate figures mask differences between cooperatives and amongst individual cooperative members. Average treatment effects on members differ between cooperatives, in general older members, those who have benefitted from more education and those with larger coffee plantations seem to benefit more from membership. Our analysis sheds light on the heterogeneity in the impact that membership of a cooperative can have: this differs by cooperative and by members within cooperatives, a finding that has important policy implications.

scholarly journals Factors associated with child survival in children admitted to outpatient therapeutic program at public health institutions in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misgan Legesse Liben ◽  
Abel Gebre Wuneh ◽  
Reda Shamie ◽  
Kiros G/her
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Therapeutic Program ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Outpatient Therapeutic Program

Abstract Introduction About 20 million children suffer from severe acute malnutrition each year. The World Health Organization recommends the outpatient therapeutic program as a standard treatment protocol for the management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition and for children who are transferred from inpatient cares after recovery. This study aimed to assess the treatment outcome of severe acute malnutrition and determinants of survival in children admitted to outpatient therapeutic program at public health institutions, Afar Regional State. Methods Institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 286 children aged 6–59 months admitted to the outpatient therapeutic program, from April to September 2017, at selected public health institutions in Afar Regional State. For the comparison of time to recovery among the different groups of children on the outpatient therapeutic program, Kaplan-Meir curve was used and significance test for these differences was assessed by the log-rank test. Then, a proportional hazard in the Cox model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Of 286 children, 238 (83.2%; 95% CI (79, 88)), 18 (6.3%), 14 (4.9%), 8 (2.8%), and 8 (2.8%) cases were cured, defaulters, non-responder, died, and transfer to inpatient care, respectively. The overall mean rate of weight gain was 10.5(± 3.45) g/kg/day, and mean length of stay was 44.15(± 8.77) days. The recovery rate of children whose mothers travel less than 2 h to the health institution was about three times (AHR, 2.91; 95% CI (2.18, 3.88)) higher than children whose mothers travel 2 h and above. Compared with children who received vitamin A supplementation, children who lack supplementation were less likely (AHR, 0.39; 95% CI (0.25, 0.59)) to be cured. Moreover, the rate of recovery from outpatient therapeutic program among children who received antibiotics was about 1.4 times (AHR, 1.38; 95% CI (1.01, 1.89)) higher compared with children who did not receive of antibiotics. Conclusion This study showed that nearly eight children in every ten had recovered from severe acute malnutrition. Therefore, considering the distance of health facility from children’s residence, improving vitamin A supplementation and antibiotics are vital in improving the rate of recovery. Further research is also required to identify and address barriers to the provision of antibiotics and vitamin A supplementation.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Top View ◽  
Better Than

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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