scholarly journals Gene expression analysis of membrane progesterone receptors in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhane Rahnama ◽  
Mitra Rafiee ◽  
Saloomeh Fouladi ◽  
Maryam Akbari-Fakhrabadi ◽  
Ferdos Mehrabian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Membrane Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Fertile Women

Abstract Objective Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a condition which is defined as three consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks from the last menstrual period. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that has an essential role in the implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The progesterone signaling is performed by nuclear progesterone receptors (NPRs) and membrane progesterone receptors (mPR). The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression of mPR-α, mPR-β and NPR in the endometrium of patients with a history of RSA compared to normal fertile women. Results In this study, endometrial samples were obtained from 10 women with a history of RSA and 10 fertile women during days 10–14 of menstrual cycle. Relative expression of mPR-α, mPR-β and NPR genes were studied by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and compared between the two groups. The mean relative expression of mPR-β gene was significantly lower in the case group compared to the fertile women (p < 0.05). However, the gene expression of mPR-α and NPR showed no significant difference between two groups. The findings suggest a reduction of endometrial gene expression of mPR-β in RSA patients may play an important role in pathogenesis of RSA.

scholarly journals iTRAQ and PRM-based quantitative proteomics in early recurrent spontaneous abortion: biomarkers discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cui ◽  
Ling He ◽  
Chun-Yan Yang ◽  
Qian Ye
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Early recurrent spontaneous abortion (ERSA) is a common condition in pregnant women. To prevent ERSA is necessary to look for abortion indicators, such as hormones and proteins, in an early stage. Methods Thirty patients with ERSA were enrolled in the case group. In the control group, we recruited 30 healthy women without a history of miscarriage undergoing voluntary pregnancy termination. The differentially expressed proteins in the serum were identified between the two groups using PRM and iTRAQ. Results Seventy-eight differentially expressed proteins were identified. Using GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway analysis, we detected that the most significant changes occurred in the pathway of Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. Meanwhile, using PRM, we identified three proteins that were closely related to abortion, B4DTF1 (highly similar to PSG1), P11464 (PSG1), and B4DF70 (highly similar to Prdx-2). The levels of B4DTF1 and P11464 were down-regulated, while the level of B4DF70 was up-regulated. Conclusions CD45, PSG1, and Prdx-2, were significantly dysregulated in the samples of ERSA and could become important biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of ERSA. Larger‑scale studies are required to confirm the diagnostic value of these biomarkers.

scholarly journals Decrease in Regulatory T-cells and Increase in T Helper 17 Cells in Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Badiee ◽  
Mehri Ghafourian ◽  
Ata A. Ghadiri ◽  
Abdolah Mousavi Salehi ◽  
Roshan Nikbakhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Case Group ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BackgroundAppearance of improper immune responses against the fetus and/or inadequate immunoregulatory mechanisms during pregnancy may lead to recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). TH17 cells play a significant role in inducing inflammation, autoimmune disease, and acute transplant rejection, while regulatory T (Treg) cells moderate the function of immune system in order to retain homeostasis.MethodsThis case-control study was designed to evaluate TH17 as well as Treg cells in 25 women with RSA and 25 age-matched healthy non-pregnant women. Flow cytometric assay was performed using monoclonal antibodies to detect CD4+CD25+ Treg cells (CD25dim and CD25bright). FoxP3 and RORγt expressions were compared using real-time PCR, and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kits. Independent-samples T test was employed for statistical analysis. ResultsThe ratio of CD4+CD25bright T cells was remarkably lower in women with RSA (P<0.05), and CD4+CD25dim T cells did not show any significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). RORγt was up-regulated, and FoxP3 was down-regulated significantly in case group (P<0.05). The significant increase of IL-6 and IL-17 as well as the decrease of TGF-β was indicated in RSA group (P<0.05). Also, IL-10 did not vary among the groups (P>0.05). ConclusionThese remarks prove that the decrease in regulatory factors such as CD4+CD25bright T-cells, TGF-β and FoxP3 expression may disrupt immune tolerance and homeostasis during pregnancy. Also, the environment rich in RORγt, IL-6, and IL-17 suggests the detrimental role of TH17 cells, which may lead to fetal rejection.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Prediction in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cui ◽  
Li Zou ◽  
Qian Ye ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Huiming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objective The changes of microbial community in pregnant women, let alone those of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), remain unclear. We analyzed the differences of gut mircobiota (GM) between RSA patients and pregnant women to find the possible mechanism of RSA. MethodsWe enrolled 30 RSA patients (RSA group) and 30 pregnant women who terminated their pregnancy and did not have a history of spontaneous abortion (NR group) in our hospital from June 2020 to August 2020, and fecal samples were obtained to analyze the GM using 16S rDNA V3–V4 sequencing.ResultsAt the phylum level, we found that there is no significant difference in composition of GM between RSA and NR. But at the genus level, compared with NR, Roseburia significantly decreased (P<0.01), and Ruminococcus significantly increased in RSA patients (P<0.05). Further analysis indicated that Klebsiella (P<0.05) was significantly increased, Prevotella.9 (P<0.05) and Roseburia (P<0.05) were significantly decreased in RSA2 group (BMI>23.9 in RSA). Moreover, Agathobacter (P<0.01) was significantly increased in NR2 group (no delivery in NR). Functional prediction indicated that GM may interfere with RSA through membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and other pathways.ConclusionDecreased Roseburia in GM of pregnant women maybe related to RSA. Our results provide the basis for in-depth studies of the composition of gut microbial communities in RSA.

Brucellosis Serostatus among Pregnant Women with Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezatollah Rafiei Alavi ◽  
Niloofar Rafiei Alavi ◽  
Romina Rafiei Alavi ◽  
Ermia Farokhi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
History Of

Background: Brucellosis in pregnancy is associated with serious outcomes ranging from abortion to neonatal development problems. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of brucellosis antibodies among pregnant women presented with spontaneous abortion and still birth. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 cases (still birth or spontaneous abortion) and 80 healthy pregnant women were serologically examined for brucellosis antibodies using Coombs, Wright and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) brucella agglutination tests. The questionnaire consisting of the following data was prepared for all the participants: gestational age, age, history of abortion, parity, source of dairy consumption, contact with livestock, urban or rural living setup, serological outcomes and education levels. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in term of brucellosis test. Patients in case group with and without infection were not significant in terms of contact with livestock, place of residence, dairy consumption and history of abortion. However, education level was significantly different in the two, seropositive and seronegative, groups. Conclusion: Our study did not find significant number of brucellosis seropositive cases associated with stillbirth and spontaneous abortion. Further studies with greater samples are therefore recommended.

scholarly journals Association between semen quality among men with different occupational exposures and risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion in island residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Wenli Cao ◽  
Xinyao Pan ◽  
Feijun Ye ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Zengshu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the semen quality of male adults whose spouses suffer from recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in the island area, and to explore the association between RSA and occupational exposures. Methods: A total of 131 male patients were recruited and divided into two groups: spouse with recurrent spontaneous abortion group (RSA group, [Formula: see text]) and the normal fertility group (control group, [Formula: see text]). Information such as height, weight and occupational exposure history of 131 men were obtained. Semen samples were collected and analyzed. Differences in semen parameters and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) between the two groups were compared. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between occupational exposures and RSA status. Results: Overall, no significant difference was found in sperm concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology rate between RSA and control groups. Only DFI was observed to be significantly higher in the RSA group. Evaluation of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed DFI (AUC: 0.623, [Formula: see text]) could discriminate between males from the couples with RSA and without RSA. Conclusion: The analysis of conventional semen parameters could not directly reflect their influence on embryonic development, and test of integrity of the sperm DNA is of paramount importance to fully understand male fertility. It is crucial to conduct studies regarding occupational exposures and pregnancy loss and/or RSA risk, since it will provide population-level data to aid in the identification of important risk factors that warrant further mechanistic investigation, and eventually lead to effective prevention and treatment strategies.

229 EXPRESSION OF mRNA ENCODING GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES IN BOVINE CUMULUS CELLS DURING IN VITRO MATURATION: EFFECTS OF TIME AND FSH

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
E. S. Caixeta ◽  
P. Ripamonte ◽  
M. F. Machado ◽  
R. B. da Silva ◽  
C. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

Mammalian oocytes require pyruvate as an energy source for growth and resumption of meiosis. Because oocytes are not competent to carry out glycolysis, cumulus cells (CC) are responsible for metabolizing glucose into pyruvate and providing it to the oocyte through gap junctions. The understanding of the energetic metabolism of CC in culture conditions might provide basis for the improvement of COC in vitro maturation. The aim of this study was to determine the temporal patterns of mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes [phosphofructokinase (PFKP), aldolase (ALDOA), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), enolase (ENO1), pyruvate kinase (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA)] in bovine CC during COC in vitro maturation with or without FSH. Immature COC (grades 1 and 2) were obtained from 2- to 8-mm follicles from abattoir ovaries (predominantly Bos indicus). Cumulus cells were separated from COC and frozen before (immature group) or after COC culture for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours with (10 ng/mL) or without FSH. Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy® (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA), and 100 ng of RNA was reverse transcribed using oligo dT primers and Omniscript® (Qiagen). Relative expression of target genes was assessed by real-time PCR using bovine-specific primers and Power SYBR green master mix in an ABI Prism® 7300. To select the most stable housekeeping gene for expression normalization, cyclophilin-A (CYC-A), GAPDH, and histone H2AFZ amplification profiles were compared using the geNorm applet for Microsoft Excel (Vandesompele J et al. 2002 Genome Biol. 3, 1-11); the most stable housekeeping gene was CYC-A. Relative expression values were calculated using the AACt method with efficiency correction (Pfaffl MW 2001 Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 2002-2007). Effects of time in culture and of FSH treatment were tested by ANOVA, and groups were compared by Tukey-Kramer Honestly Significant Difference test. Nonparametric analysis was used when data were not normally distributed. Abundance of mRNA of all glycolytic enzymes decreased during in vitro maturation with or without FSH. Expression of PFKP, ALDOA, TPI1, ENO1, and LDHA genes was decreased to around half of the initial value (time 0) by 4 to 8 h of culture (P < 0.05) and did not increase thereafter. A similar expression pattern was observed for PKM2, although mRNA abundance was reduced later in comparison with other enzymes; levels were decreased by 16 (without FSH) to 20 h (with FSH) of culture. The presence of FSH did not alter the overall temporal pattern of gene expression but decreased mRNA abundance for PFKP, ALDOA, and TPI1 at 20, 16 and 16 h of culture, respectively. In conclusion, gene expression of glycolytic enzymes decreased with time during COC in vitro maturation in cattle, and FSH did not have a major influence on this expression pattern. This study was supported by CAPES and FAPESP.

scholarly journals Low detection rate of advanced neoplasia within 5 years after polypectomy of small serrated adenoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1122) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duochen Jin ◽  
Hailong Cao ◽  
Bikash Kumar Shah ◽  
Danfeng Chen ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Surveillance Colonoscopy ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
Advanced Neoplasia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Prevalence

AimPatients with small serrated adenomas (SAs) (<10 mm) often undergo surveillance colonoscopy before the routine recommended time. We aimed to determine the appropriate surveillance intervals following polypectomy of small SAs for symptomatic patients.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 638 patients, including 122 cases and 516 controls. Subjects in the case group had small SAs at baseline colonoscopy, including sessile SA/polyps and traditional SAs, while subjects in the control group had negative findings. All patients underwent at least one surveillance colonoscopy during the following 5 years.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the incidence rate of advanced neoplasia between the two groups over a 5-year duration (3.6% vs 2.6%, p=0.455). Moreover, both groups also showed a low prevalence of SA formation over 1–5 years (3.6% vs 1.0%, p=0.145). Patients with baseline SA tended to undergo the first surveillance colonoscopy earlier than those without adenoma (≤1 year vs 1 to ≤3 years). Seventy-one (11.1%) of the total included subjects underwent inadequate initial colonoscopy, and 30 (42.3%) underwent early surveillance of adenoma formation within 1 year. Patients with a family history of colorectal cancer (OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.48 to 14.71, p=0.017) or inadequate baseline colonoscopy (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.202 to 8.409, p=0.035) were at a higher risk of metachronous adenoma formation during the surveillance period.ConclusionPatients with small SAs at baseline gain little benefit from follow-up of colonoscopy within 5 years after complete polypectomy.

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