Soil microbial community variation with time and soil depth in Eurasian Steppe (Inner Mongolia, China)

Abstract Purpose Soil microorganisms play an indispensable role in the material and energy cycle of grassland ecosystems. The abundance of these organisms vary according to environmental factors, such as time of year and soil depth. There have been few studies on the transformation of soil microbial communities in degraded typical steppe according to these temporal and spatial changes. In this study, we analyze the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi, and the impact of these changing temporal and spatial factors upon the community structure. Methods From May to September 2018, we collected 90 soil samples from different depths (10, 20, and 30 cm) from the typical degraded steppe area of Xilingol. We carried out studies on soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results We found that depth significantly affected abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi. Bacteria and fungi diversity at 10 cm was higher than that at 20 cm and 30 cm. The abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes varies significantly with depth. In addition, soil pH increased significantly with increasing depth, while soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), volume water content of soil (VWC), and soil temperature (ST) decreased significantly with increasing depth. Finally, the depth, total organic carbon (TOC), and AN had a significant impact on the bacterial and fungal communities’ abundance (p < 0.05). Conclusions Spatial heterogeneity (in soil depth) is more significant than the time of year (month) in predicting changes in microbial community composition and soil properties. SOM, VWC, and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes positively correlate with soil depth, while pH and the abundance of Acidobacteria, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes negatively correlate with soil depth. We speculate that SOM and VWC account for the variations in the abundance of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, while pH causes variations in the abundance of Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycota.

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Soil Microbial Community Variation With Time and Soil Depth in Eurasian Steppe (Inner Mongolia, China)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-182084/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongbin Zhao ◽

Wenling Zheng ◽

Shengwei Zhang ◽

Wenlong Gao ◽

Yueyue Fan

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Spatial Transformation ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract BackgroundSoil microorganisms play an indispensable role in the material and energy cycle of grassland ecosystem, and were affected by many environmental factors, such as time and space changes. However, there are few studies on the temporal and spatial transformation of soil microbial community in typical degraded steppe. We analyzed the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi and the effects of environmental factors on the community structure in Xilingol degraded steppe. ResultsThe abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi were significantly affected by depth. Bacteria and fungi diversity of 10 cm was higher than that of 20 cm and 30 cm. The abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes varies significantly with depth. What’s more, soil pH increased significantly with depth increasing, while SOM, AN, VWC and ST decreased significantly with increasing depth. In addition, Depth, TOC and AN had significant impact on the bacterial and fungi communities (p < 0.05). ConclusionsSpatial heterogeneity (depth) is more important than temporal (month) in predicting changes in microbial community composition and soil properties. And the abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes varies significantly with depth. We speculate that SOM and VWC account for the abundance variations of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, and pH cause the abundance changes of Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycota.

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Effects of land conversion on soil microbial community structure and diversity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33038/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tong Zhang ◽

Yufei Liu ◽

xin Sui ◽

fuqiang Song

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Forest Land ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background : To study the impact of land-use change on soil microbial community structure and diversity in Northeast China, three typical land-use types (plough, grassland, and forest), grassland change to forest land and grassland change to plough, in the Qiqihar region of Heilongjiang Province were taken as research objects. Methods : MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology based on bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS rRNA was used to study the above community structure of soil bacteria and fungi and to explore the relationship between soil bacteria and soil environmental factors. Results : The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla changed from Actinobacteria to Acidobacteria , the dominant fungal phyla changed from Ascomycetes to Basidiomycetes , and the ECM functional group increased significantly after the grassland was completely changed to forest land. After the grassland was changed to plough, the dominant phyla changed from Actinomycetes to Proteobacteria . The functional groups of pathogens and parasites increased significantly. There was no significant difference in the diversity of soil bacterial communities, and the diversity of fungal communities increased significantly. CCA showed that pH, MC, NO 3 - -N, TP and AP of soil were important factors affecting the composition of soil microbial communities, and changes in land-use patterns changed the physical and chemical properties of soils, thereby affecting the structure and diversity of microbial communities. Conclusions : Our research results clarify the impact of changes in land use on the characteristics of soil microbial communities and provide basic data on the healthy use of land.

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The effects of soil depth on the structure of microbial communities in agricultural soils in Iowa, USA

10.1101/2020.03.31.018416 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjie Hao ◽

Yen Ning Chai ◽

Raziel A. Ordóñez ◽

Emily E. Wright ◽

Sotirios Archontoulis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Community Composition ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial

AbstractThe determination of how microbial community structure changes within the soil profile, will be beneficial to understanding the long-term health of agricultural soil ecosystems and will provide a first step towards elucidating how deep soil microbial communities contribute to carbon sequestration. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the microbial community abundance, composition and diversity throughout from the surface layers down to deep soils in corn and soybean fields in Iowa, USA. We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of soil samples to characterize the change in microbial community structure. Our results revealed decreased richness and diversity in bacterial community structure with increasing soil depth. We also observed distinct distribution patterns of bacterial community composition along soil profiles. Soil and root data at different depths enabled us to demonstrate that the soil organic matter, soil bulk density and plant water availability were all significant factors in explaining the variation in soil microbial community composition. Our findings provide valuable insights in the changes in microbial community structure to depths of 180 cm in one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This knowledge will be important for future management and productivity of agroecosystems in the face of increasing demand for food and climate change.

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Organic Amendments and Sampling Date Influences on Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Their PredictiveFunctional Profiles in an Olive Grove Ecosystem

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1178

Author(s):

Laura L. de Sosa ◽

Beatriz Moreno ◽

Rafael Alcalá Alcalá Herrera ◽

Marco Panettieri ◽

Engracia Madejón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Bacterial Community ◽

Olive Grove ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Bacterial ◽

The Impact

A collapse of soil microbial diversity, mainly due to chemical inputs, has been reported to lead to the degradation of conventional agroecosystems. The use of compost from urban and agricultural waste management, in order to achieve a net gain in the storage of C, is an adequate management of agricultural soils, especially in rainfed conditions. However, the great variability of composts of different maturity and origins and of the soils to which they are added limits the ability to predict the impact of these amendments on the dynamics of soil microbial communities. This study was designed to gain insights on the effect of exogenous organic matter management on the soil bacterial community and its contribution to key functions relevant to agricultural soils. To achieve this, two different types of compost (alperujo or biosolids composts) at two doses were used as soil amendments twice for 3 years in a rainfed olive grove ecosystem. A metagenomic analysis was carried out to assess the abundance and composition of the soil bacterial communities and predicted functions. We only detected a minor and transitory effect on the bacterial abundance of the soil, the structure of the community and the potential functions, less related to the dose or the type of compost than to seasonal variations. Although the result suggests that the soil bacteria were highly resilient, promoting community stability and functional resilience after the addition of the two composts, more efforts are necessary to assess not only the resulting soil microbial community after organic fertilization but the intrinsic microbial community within the organic amendment that acts as an inoculum, and to what extent the changes in its dose could lead to the functionality of the soil.

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Comparison of Drivers of Soil Microbial Communities Developed in Karst Ecosystems with Shallow and Deep Soil Depths

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Huiling Guan ◽

Jiangwen Fan ◽

Haiyan Zhang ◽

Warwick Harris

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Soil System ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Total Soil ◽

Karst Ecosystems

Soil erosion is prevalent in karst areas, but few studies have compared the differences in the drivers for soil microbial communities among karst ecosystems with different soil depths, and most studies have focused on the local scale. To fill this research gap, we investigated the upper 20 cm soil layers of 10 shallow–soil depth (shallow–SDC, total soil depth less than 100 cm) and 11 deep–soil depth communities (deep–SDC, total soil depth more than 100 cm), covering a broad range of vegetation types, soils, and climates. The microbial community characteristics of both the shallow–SDC and deep–SDC soils were tested by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) analysis, and the key drivers of the microbial communities were illustrated by forward selection and variance partitioning analysis. Our findings demonstrated that more abundant soil nutrients supported higher fungal PLFA in shallow–SDC than in deep–SDC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stronger correlation between the microbial community and the plant–soil system was found in shallow–SDC: the pure plant effect explained the 43.2% of variance in microbial biomass and 57.8% of the variance in the ratio of Gram–positive bacteria to Gram–negative bacteria (G+/G−), and the ratio of fungi to total bacteria (F/B); the pure soil effect accounted for 68.6% variance in the microbial diversity. The ratio of microbial PLFA cyclopropyl to precursors (Cy/Pr) and the ratio of saturated PLFA to monounsaturated PLFA (S/M) as indicators of microbial stress were controlled by pH, but high pH was not conducive to microorganisms in this area. Meanwhile, Cy/Pr in all communities was >0.1, indicating that microorganisms were under environmental stress. Therefore, the further ecological restoration of degraded karst communities is needed to improve their microbial communities.

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Plant genotype controls wetland soil microbial functioning in response to sea-level rise

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-18-6133-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 6133-6146

Author(s):

Hao Tang ◽

Susanne Liebner ◽

Svenja Reents ◽

Stefanie Nolte ◽

Kai Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Litter Breakdown ◽

Plant Genotype ◽

Soil Microbial

Abstract. Climate change can strongly alter soil microbial functioning via plant–microbe interactions, often with important consequences for ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Given the high degree of intraspecific trait variability in plants, it has been hypothesized that genetic shifts within plant species yield a large potential to control the response of plant–microbe interactions to climate change. Here we examined if sea-level rise and plant genotype interact to affect soil microbial communities in an experimental coastal wetland system, using two known genotypes of the dominant salt-marsh grass Elymus athericus characterized by differences in their sensitivity to flooding stress – i.e., a tolerant genotype from low-marsh environments and an intolerant genotype from high-marsh environments. Plants were exposed to a large range of flooding frequencies in a factorial mesocosm experiment, and soil microbial activity parameters (exo-enzyme activity and litter breakdown) and microbial community structure were assessed. Plant genotype mediated the effect of flooding on soil microbial community structure and determined the presence of flooding effects on exo-enzyme activities and belowground litter breakdown. Larger variability in microbial community structure, enzyme activities, and litter breakdown in soils planted with the intolerant plant genotype supported our general hypothesis that effects of climate change on soil microbial activity and community structure can depend on plant intraspecific genetic variation. In conclusion, our data suggest that adaptive genetic variation in plants could suppress or facilitate the effects of sea-level rise on soil microbial communities. If this finding applies more generally to coastal wetlands, it yields important implications for our understanding of ecosystem–climate feedbacks in the coastal zone.

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The Impact of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Microbial Community Structure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3635 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 3635-3639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Hua Wang ◽

Xue Gong ◽

Jian Fei Guan ◽

Hui Yan Xing

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Column ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

The Impact ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The reclaimed water treated in a Harbin recycled water plant has been taken as a target of research, by using microbial traditional culture method and tablet coated counting method, discussing the influence of the reclaimed water irrigation on soil microbial community structure through the method of short-term indoor simulated soil column irrigation. The results shows that the reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the surface 0-20 cm layer soil, but it has little affect on 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layer soil. Microbial community structure and diversity were changed relatively with the irrigation of reclaimed water, which embodied the increase or decrease of dominant and subdominant groups, the disappearance of non-dominant groups sensitive to reclaimed water, the appear or disappear of the other part of the occasional groups.

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Biological H2 and CO oxidation activities are sensitive to compositional change of soil microbial communities

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 263-273

Author(s):

Julien Saavedra-Lavoie ◽

Anne de la Porte ◽

Sarah Piché-Choquette ◽

Claude Guertin ◽

Philippe Constant

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Co Oxidation ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microcosms ◽

Soil Microbial

Trace gas uptake by microorganisms controls the oxidative capacity of the troposphere, but little is known about how this important function is affected by changes in soil microbial diversity. This article bridges that knowledge gap by examining the response of the microbial community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs), carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activities to manipulation of microbial diversity in soil microcosms. Microbial diversity was manipulated by mixing nonsterile and sterile soil with and without the addition of antibiotics. Nonsterile soil without antibiotics was used as a reference. Species composition changed significantly in soil microcosms as a result of dilution and antibiotic treatments, but there was no difference in species richness, according to PCR amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The CLPP was 15% higher in all dilution and antibiotic treatments than in reference microcosms, but the dilution treatment had no effect on CO2 production. Soil microcosms with dilution treatments had 58%–98% less H2 oxidation and 54%–99% lower CO oxidation, relative to reference microcosms, but did not differ among the antibiotic treatments. These results indicate that H2 and CO oxidation activities respond to compositional changes of microbial community in soil.

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Impact of No-Tillage and Conventional Tillage Systems on Soil Microbial Communities

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2012/548620 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Reji P. Mathew ◽

Yucheng Feng ◽

Leonard Githinji ◽

Ramble Ankumah ◽

Kipling S. Balkcom

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Tillage Practices

Soil management practices influence soil physical and chemical characteristics and bring about changes in the soil microbial community structure and function. In this study, the effects of long-term conventional and no-tillage practices on microbial community structure, enzyme activities, and selected physicochemical properties were determined in a continuous corn system on a Decatur silt loam soil. The long-term no-tillage treatment resulted in higher soil carbon and nitrogen contents, viable microbial biomass, and phosphatase activities at the 0–5 cm depth than the conventional tillage treatment. Soil microbial community structure assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) varied by tillage practice and soil depth. The abundance of PLFAs indicative of fungi, bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and actinobacteria was consistently higher in the no-till surface soil. Results of principal components analysis based on soil physicochemical and enzyme variables were in agreement with those based on PLFA and ARISA profiles. Soil organic carbon was positively correlated with most of the PLFA biomarkers. These results indicate that tillage practice and soil depth were two important factors affecting soil microbial community structure and activity, and conservation tillage practices improve both physicochemical and microbiological properties of soil.

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The impact of stand age and fertilization on the soil microbiome of Miscanthus × giganteus

Phytobiomes Journal ◽

10.1094/pbiomes-01-20-0014-fi ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lanying Ma ◽

Fernando Igne Rocha ◽

Jaejin Lee ◽

Jinlyung Choi ◽

Mauricio Tejera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Stand Age ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus

Yield of the perennial grass Miscanthus × giganteus has shown an inconsistent and unpredictable response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer, yet fertilization underpins the crop’s environmental and economic sustainability. The interactions among soil microbial communities, N availability, and M. × giganteus and management may explain changes in plant productivity. In this study, soil samples from different stand ages of M. × giganteus in a replicated chronosequence field trial were used to investigate the effects of stand age and N fertilizer rates on microbial community structure. We hypothesized that there is a definable M. × giganteus soil microbiome and that this community varies significantly with stand age and fertilization. Our results showed that the main phyla in soil microbial communities, regardless of plant age, are similar but microbial community structures are significantly different. The variation in observed microbial communities generally decreases in older stand ages. The amount of N fertilizer applied also affected the microbial community structure associated with different aged M. × giganteus. Specifically, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) and Acidobacteria (Subgroup Gp1) increased shortly after fertilization and were more associated with younger M. × giganteus. Further, our results show a significant relationship between bacterial alpha diversity and fertilization rates and that this response is also impacted by stand age. Overall, our results emphasize linkages between microbial community structure, plant age, and fertilization in M. × giganteus.

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