Radiology artificial intelligence, a systematic evaluation of methods (RAISE): a systematic review protocol

Abstract Introduction There has been a recent explosion of research into the field of artificial intelligence as applied to clinical radiology with the advent of highly accurate computer vision technology. These studies, however, vary significantly in design and quality. While recent guidelines have been established to advise on ethics, data management and the potential directions of future research, systematic reviews of the entire field are lacking. We aim to investigate the use of artificial intelligence as applied to radiology, to identify the clinical questions being asked, which methodological approaches are applied to these questions and trends in use over time. Methods and analysis We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. We will perform a literature search through MEDLINE (Pubmed), and EMBASE, a detailed data extraction of trial characteristics and a narrative synthesis of the data. There will be no language restrictions. We will take a task-centred approach rather than focusing on modality or clinical subspecialty. Sub-group analysis will be performed by segmentation tasks, identification tasks, classification tasks, pegression/prediction tasks as well as a sub-analysis for paediatric patients. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will not be required for this study, as data will be obtained from publicly available clinical trials. We will disseminate our results in a peer-reviewed publication. Registration number PROSPERO: CRD42020154790

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Adaptive design methods in dialysis clinical trials: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e036755

Author(s):

Conor Judge ◽

Robert P Murphy ◽

Sarah Cormican ◽

Andrew Smyth ◽

Martin O'Halloran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Adaptive Design ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Design Methods ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Registration Number

IntroductionAdaptive design methods are a potential solution to improve efficiency of clinical trials but their uptake in dialysis is unknown. We aim to investigate the use of adaptive design methods in dialysis clinical trials and to cultivate further adoption of adaptive design methods by the nephrology community.Methods and analysisWe will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. We will perform a literature search through MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and CENTRAL, a detailed data extraction of trial characteristics and a narrative synthesis of the data. There will be no language restrictions. We will estimate the percentage of adaptive clinical trials per year in dialysis. Subgroup analysis will be performed by dialysis modality, funder and geographical location.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this study as data will be obtained from publicly available clinical trials. We will disseminate our results in a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration number

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Global epidemiology of acute generalised peritonitis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e034326

Author(s):

Joel Noutakdie Tochie ◽

Ndip Valirie Agbor ◽

Tianyi Tianyi Frank Leonel ◽

Aime Mbonda ◽

Desmond Aji Abang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Published Data ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Global Epidemiology ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Registration Number

IntroductionGlobally, acute generalised peritonitis (AGP) is a common medical and surgical emergency which is a major contributor to non-trauma deaths despite improvements in diagnosis and surgical and intensive care management. In order to determine the global burden of AGP, geared at tailoring key interventions to curb its morbidity and mortality, we proposed this first ever systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the contemporary prevalence, and to determine the most frequent AGP and the case fatality rate of AGP, at the global scene.Methods and analysisWe intend to searchAfricanJournalsOnline, Americana em Ciências da Saúde, Citation index, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, Literatura Latino Africa Index Medicus, Medline and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases from 1 January 2009 to 31 July 2019 to identify studies that reported the prevalence, types of AGP, and case fatality rate of AGP in the global population without any language restrictions. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be conducted independently at each level by a pair of independent investigators. Random-effects meta-analysis will be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogeneous. The presence of heterogeneity will be evaluated using the χ² test on Cochrane’s Q statistic and quantified with the I² statistics. Publication bias will be evaluated statistically and visually using the Egger’s test and funnel plots, respectively. Findings will be reported and compared by countries, WHO regions and globally.Ethics and disseminationSince this study will be based on published data, it does will not require an ethical approval. The findings will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. They will also be presented at scientific conferences and to relevant public health actors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019143331.

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Barriers towards organ donor registration and consent among people of Indian origin living globally: a systematic review and integrative synthesis—protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035360 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e035360

Author(s):

Britzer Paul Vincent ◽

Gurch Randhawa ◽

Erica Cook

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Indian Origin ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Registration Number ◽

End Stage

IntroductionThe need for organs is comparatively higher among people of Indian origin due to the higher prevalence of end-stage organ failure. In spite of the higher need, they have a lower number of organ donors. Studies have been carried out among people of Indian origin living globally to understand the reasons for the low donation rate, but there has been no systematic review that has integrated all of these studies to synthesise the current literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the barriers towards organ donor registration and consent among Indians living globally.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted using the following relevant databases namely CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central, Global Health and Grey literature. Studies from 1994 that satisfy our inclusion criteria will be included. Two reviewers will conduct the screening, data extraction and quality assessment of the studies; in event of any disagreement between the two reviewers at any stage, the third reviewer will reconcile any disagreements and consensus will be made.Ethics and disseminationAs this study includes only secondary data, ethical approval for secondary data usage has been sought. This study will use Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines to report and the study outcomes will be disseminated through a relevant peer-review publication, related conferences and also to various non-governmental organisations globally which are working with this particular community; following which further research can be developed based on this evidence and also helps in building a culturally competent strategy.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019155274.

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Accuracy of potential diagnostic indicators for coeliac disease: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e038994

Author(s):

Martha Maria Christine Elwenspoek ◽

Joni Jackson ◽

Sarah Dawson ◽

Hazel Everitt ◽

Peter Gillett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Coeliac Disease ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Finding ◽

Endoscopic Biopsy ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Registration Number

IntroductionCoeliac disease (CD) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. CD is diagnosed using a combination of serology tests and endoscopic biopsy of the small intestine. However, because of non-specific symptoms and heterogeneous clinical presentation, diagnosing CD is challenging. Early detection of CD through improved case-finding strategies can improve the response to a gluten-free diet, patients’ quality of life and potentially reduce the risk of complications. However, there is a lack of consensus in which groups may benefit from active case-finding.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review to determine the accuracy of diagnostic indicators (such as symptoms and risk factors) for CD in adults and children, and thus can help identify patients who should be offered CD testing. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science will be searched from 1997 until 2020. Screening will be performed in duplicate. Data extraction will be performed by one and checked by a second reviewer. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or referral to a third reviewer. We will produce a narrative summary of identified prediction models. Studies, where 2×2 data can be extracted or reconstructed, will be treated as diagnostic accuracy studies, that is, the diagnostic indicators are the index tests and CD serology and/or biopsy is the reference standard. For each diagnostic indicator, we will perform a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity.Ethics and disseminationResults will be reported in peer-reviewed journals, academic and public presentations and social media. We will convene an implementation panel to advise on the optimum strategy for enhanced dissemination. We will discuss findings with Coeliac UK to help with dissemination to patients. Ethical approval is not applicable, as this is a systematic review and no research participants will be involved.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020170766.

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Risk of infection associated with intravenous iron preparations: protocol for updating a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e024618 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akshay Shah ◽

Anita Sugavanam ◽

Jack Reid ◽

Antony J Palmer ◽

Edward Dickson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intravenous Iron ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Assessment Development ◽

Evaluation Approach ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Registration Number ◽

Randomised Controlled

IntroductionThe benefits and risk of intravenous iron have been documented in previous systematic reviews and continue to be the subject of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). An ongoing issue that continues to be raised is the relationship between administering iron and developing infection. This is supported by biological plausibility from animal models. We propose an update of a previously published systematic review and meta-analysis with the primary focus being infection.Methods and analysisWe will include RCTs and non-randomised studies (NRS) in this review update. We will search the relevant electronic databases. Two reviewers will independently extract data. Risk of bias for RCTs and NRS will be assessed using the relevant tools recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. Data extracted from RCTs and NRS will be analysed and reported separately. Pooled data from RCTs will be analysed using a random effects model. We will also conduct subgroup analyses to identify any patient populations that may be at increased risk of developing infection. We will provide a narrative synthesis on the definitions, sources and responsible pathogens for infection in the included studies. Overall quality of evidence on the safety outcomes of mortality and infection will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will only investigate published studies and therefore ethical approval is not required. The results will be broadly distributed through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberPROSPERO (CRD42018096023).

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Effectiveness of interventions for optimising adherence to treatments for the prevention and management of scars: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e023904

Author(s):

Jessica Killey ◽

Megan Simons ◽

Roy M Kimble ◽

Zephanie Tyack

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Conference Presentations ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Registration Number ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Dermal Wound

IntroductionTreatments used in the management of scarring following wounds of the skin can be complex and time consuming, and patients may experience difficulties adhering to these treatments. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify the types of interventions that have been used to optimise adherence to treatment for preventing or reducing skin scars in adults and children and to determine the effectiveness of these interventions.Methods and analysisDatabases (PubMed, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science and OTSeeker) will be searched using the developed search strategy to identify eligible randomised trials. Adults and children using scar treatments to prevent or manage scarring as a result of a dermal wound (which may occur following burn injury, surgery, lacerations, piercings, vaccinations, acne and other conditions affecting the skin) will be included. Any intervention with the potential to effect adherence will be included. Titles and abstracts located through searching will be screened by two independent reviewers. Full text of studies will also be screened to determine eligibility for final inclusion. Two reviewers will assess the quality of included studies using the Cochrane ‘risk of bias’ tool. Data extraction forms will be developed and two reviewers will extract the data. A third reviewer will be used at each stage to ensure consensus is achieved. Meta-analysis and meta-regression will be completed if appropriate, otherwise a narrative synthesis of results will be undertaken.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is necessary for this systematic review as no patients will be directly involved. Results of this systematic review will be disseminated through journal publications and relevant conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018095082.

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What does my neighbourhood have to do with my weight? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and body weight

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017567 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e017567

Author(s):

Shimels Hussien Mohammed ◽

Mulugeta Molla Birhanu ◽

Tesfamichael Awoke Sissay ◽

Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽

Balewgizie Sileshi Tegegn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Registration Number ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Using Data

IntroductionIndividuals living in poor neighbourhoods are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis study on the association of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with overweight/obesity. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the existing evidence on the association of NSES with overweight/obesity.Methods and analysisCross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies published in English from inception to 15 May 2017 will be systematically searched using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar. Selection, screening, reviewing and data extraction will be done by two reviewers, independently and in duplicate. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the quality of evidence. Publication bias will be checked by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Heterogeneity will be checked by Higgins’s method (I2statistics). Meta-analysis will be done to estimate the pooled OR. Narrative synthesis will be performed if meta-analysis is not feasible due to high heterogeneity of studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance is not required as we will be using data from published articles. Findings will be communicated through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at professional conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063889.

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Obsessive healthy eating and orthorexic eating tendencies in sport and exercise contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2021.00004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jana Strahler ◽

Hanna Wachten ◽

Anett Mueller-Alcazar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Exercise Behaviors ◽

Sport And Exercise ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) and exercise addiction (ExAdd) are two phenomena believed to overlap. We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the link between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors.MethodsA systematic review of major databases and gray literature was carried out for studies reporting on ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken calculating correlations between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. A sub-group analysis investigated gender differences.ResultsTwenty-five studies with 10,134 participants (mean age = 25.21; 56.4% female) were included. Analyses showed a small overall correlation between ON and exercise (21 studies, r = 0.12, 95% CI |0.06–0.18|) and a medium overall correlation between ON and ExAdd (7 studies, r = 0.29, 95% CI |0.13–0.45|). Gender differences were negligible.ConclusionsOrthorexic eating correlated slightly and moderately with exercise and ExAdd, respectively, expressing some unique and shared variance of these behaviors. While this does not suggest ON and addictive exercising to be independent, it does not indicate substantial comorbidity. Future research should focus on clinical relevance, underlying mechanisms, vulnerability, and risk factors.

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Zinc supplementation combined with antidepressant drugs for treatment of patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuaa039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Laís Eloy Machado da Silva ◽

Mônica Leila Portela de Santana ◽

Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa ◽

Emile Miranda Pereira ◽

Carina Márcia Magalhães Nepomuceno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Zinc Supplementation ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Antidepressant Drugs ◽

Language Restriction ◽

Registration Number

Abstract Context Zinc is an essential trace mineral required for the function of brain and neural structures. The role of zinc supplementation in the prevention and treatment of depression has been suggested in clinical studies that reported a reduction in depressive symptoms. Objective The aim of this review was to determine whether zinc supplementation vs placebo can prevent or improve depressive symptoms in children, adolescents, or adults. Data Sources Five electronic databases were searched, and studies published until September 2019 were included without language restriction. Study Selection Randomized, controlled, crossover trials that evaluated the effect of zinc supplementation vs a comparator for prevention or improvement of depressive symptoms in children, adolescents, or adults were eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction Two authors independently performed data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment. Results The initial search identified 12 322 studies, 5 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference (SMD) showed an average reduction of 0.36 point (95%CI, −0.67 to −0.04) in the intervention group compared with the placebo group. Forstudies in which the mean age of participants was ≥ 40 years, the SMD was reduced by 0.61 point (95%CI, −1.12 to −0.09) in the intervention group vs the placebo group. The meta-analysis by sample size (< 60 individuals and ≥ 60 individuals) did not show an effect of zinc supplementation in reducing depressive symptoms (SMD −0.28; 95%CI, −0.67 to −0.10; and SMD −0.52; 95%CI, −1.10 to 0.06). Conclusion Zinc supplementation may reduce depressive symptoms in individuals treated with antidepressant drugs for clinical depression. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42018081691.

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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for insomnia: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e029206 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yu He ◽

Nianyi Sun ◽

Zhiqiang Wang ◽

Wenchen Zou

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Manual Search ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Randomised Controlled

IntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation approach, might be a promising technique in the management of insomnia. A systematic review of the available literature on this topic is warranted. The systematic review described in this protocol aims to investigate the efficacy of rTMS as a physical therapy in patients with insomnia.Methods and analysisThis protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will retrieve relevant literatures across the following electronic bibliographic databases: CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PEDro, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP. A manual search of the reference lists of all relevant articles will be performed for any additional studies. We will include randomised controlled trials published in English and Chinese examining efficacy of rTMS on patients with insomnia. Two reviewers will independently complete the article selection, data extraction and rating. PEDro scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Narrative and quantitative synthesis will be done accordingly.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this review. The results of this review will be disseminated in a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018115033.

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