scholarly journals Horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Marquette ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
Andrew D. Fisher ◽  
Kelly Stanger ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Variability ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Severe Tissue

Abstract Background Hot-iron disbudding is a common management procedure to prevent horn growth in calves. The study objective was to examine effect of age, breed and sex on horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding. Results The left and right horn bud size (diameter and height in mm) of 279 calves, including dairy-bred Holstein-Friesian (Male (M) = 88) and 191 suckler-bred (86 Charolais, CH; (M = 39, Female (F) = 47), 67 Limousin, LM; (M = 32, F = 35) and 38 Simmental, SI; (M = 22, F = 16) sired)) was measured using a digital calliper at time of disbudding. Calves were retrospectively assigned to two age categories at time of disbudding: 1), 14 to 28 days (d) old and 2), 29 to 60 d old. Holstein-Friesian M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (16.97 v.14.45 mm) and height (7.79 v. 5.00 mm) compared to suckler-bred M calves (P < 0.01), with no difference (P > 0.05) among the suckler-bred calves. Suckler-bred M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (14.46 vs 13.29 mm) and height (5.01 vs 3.88 mm) compared to suckler-bred F calves (P < 0.05). The slopes of the lines of best fit show that horn bud diameter and height increased with age (P < 0.05) for HF, SI male and CH female calves while there was no relationship with age (P > 0.05) for CH and LM male calves, or for SI and LM female calves. Linear regression of age with diameter and with height for each breed and sex showed high variability in the data as indicated by R-squared values ranging from 0.003–0.41 indicating that in the case of the diameter and the height, the weight of the fitting effect was poor. Conclusions Calf age is not a good predictor of horn bud size and recommendations for the disbudding of calves should be based on horn bud size and not on age. The implications of these findings are that calves should be disbudded while horn development is still at the bud stage and when the bud is large enough to be easily palpable/visible, but not so large that disbudding could lead to severe tissue trauma.

scholarly journals Apparent Survival Rates of Western Sandpiper (Calidris Mauri) Wintering in Northwest Baja California, Mexico

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Fernández ◽  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Western Sandpiper ◽  
Western Sandpipers ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo estimate annual apparent local survival, we collected capture–resighting data on 256 individually marked male Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) wintering at Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico, between 1994–1997. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to address the effect of age class and year on survivorship rates. The best-fit model included a constant apparent survival probability (ϕ = 0.489; 95% CI = 0.410–0.569), but several models fit nearly as well, and averaging among the top five, to account for model uncertainty, suggested that adults had somewhat higher values than juveniles (ϕ = 0.490 ± 0.051 vs. 0.450 ± 0.067). Detection probability was substantially higher for adults than for juveniles (p = 0.741 vs. p = 0.537). Those apparent survival estimates are low compared with those from other studies of Western Sandpipers at breeding and other nonbreeding locations, and substantially lower than the true survivorship rates expected for small sandpipers in general. We interpret these results as indicating that this site is of below average quality for nonbreeding male Western Sandpipers.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Polytrauma: Actor and Target

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Huber-Lang ◽  
Rebecca Wiegner ◽  
Lorenz Lampl ◽  
Rolf E. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Severe Tissue

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are considered indispensable in regeneration processes after tissue trauma. MSCs are recruited to damaged areas via several chemoattractant pathways where they function as “actors” in the healing process by the secretion of manifold pro- and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, pro- and anticoagulatory, and trophic/angiogenic factors, but also by proliferation and differentiation into the required cells. On the other hand, MSCs represent “targets” during the pathophysiological conditions after severe trauma, when excessively generated inflammatory mediators, complement activation factors, and damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns challenge MSCs and alter their functionality. This in turn leads to complement opsonization, lysis, clearance by macrophages, and reduced migratory and regenerative abilities which culminate in impaired tissue repair. We summarize relevant cellular and signaling mechanisms and provide an up-to-date overview about promising future therapeutic MSC strategies in the context of severe tissue trauma.

scholarly journals Necrotizing Soft Tissue Fasciitis after Intramuscular Injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Abbate ◽  
Piero Luigi Almasio ◽  
Martina Mongitore ◽  
Gaetano Di Vita ◽  
Rosalia Patti
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Severe Tissue

Necrotizing soft tissue fasciitis (NSTIs) or necrotizing fasciitis is an infrequent and serious infection. Herein, we describe the clinical course of a female patient who received a diagnosis of NSTIs after gluteus intramuscular injection. We also report the results of our review of published papers from 1997 to 2017. Since now, 19 cases of NSTIs following intramuscular injections have been described. We focus on the correlation between intramuscular injection and NSTIs onset, especially in immunosuppressed patients treated with corticosteroids, suffering from chronic diseases or drug addicted. Intramuscular injections can provoke severe tissue trauma, representing local portal of infection, even if correctly administrated. Otherwise, it is important not to inject drug in subcutaneous, which is a less vascularized area and therefore more susceptible to infections. Likewise, a proper injecting technique and aspiration prior to injection seem to be valid measure to prevent intra-arterial or para-arterial drug injection with the consequent massive inflammatory reaction. Necrosis at the infection site appears to be independent of the drug, and it is a strong additional risk factor for NSTIs.

scholarly journals Effect of age on spermiogram of Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal crossbred bulls

animal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Mandal ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
S. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Effect Of Age

scholarly journals Effect of Age at First Calving on First Lactation Milk Yield, Lifetime Milk Production And Longevity of Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Kamil Siatka ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe objective of the study was to analyse the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity of dairy cows. The study used SYMLEK data on the milk yield and culling of 111 857 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy, Poland. The cows first calved during 2000–2009 and were used or removed from the herds until the end of 2015. For each cow, calculations were made of first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production, first lactation milk yield per milking day, lifetime milk production per day, as well as the lifespan (length of productive life, duration of rearing) and number of calvings. Based on the age at first calving (duration of the rearing period), the cows were grouped as follows: ≤22, 22.1–24.0, 24.1–26.0, 26.1–28.0, 28.1–30.0, 30.1–32.0 and >32 months. The GLM, CORR PEARSON and FREQ procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Considering first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity, it is recommended that the cows should be first milked between 22.1 and 26.0 months of age. This is supported by the approximately 24% higher lifetime milk production in relation to the latest calving cows (P<0.01). Late commencement of the first milking (especially after 28 months) causes a considerable decrease in the first lactation milk yield and lifetime milk production, shortens the productive period, reduces the number of calvings, and increases culling rate due to low milk yield and udder diseases.

The Haptic ‘Oblique Effect’ in Children's and Adults' Perception of Orientation

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Gentaz ◽  
Yvette Hatwell
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Oblique Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Plane Scanning ◽  
Effect Of Age

The haptic perception of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal orientations was studied in children (aged 7 and 9 years) and in adults. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that the haptic oblique effect results from the different scanning movements at work when one hand explores an oblique standard and the other hand sets the response rod. In experiment 1, blindfolded subjects reproduced the orientation of a standard rod presented in either the frontal, the horizontal, or the sagittal plane, and this task was achieved either ipsilaterally (the same hand explored the standard and set the response rod) or contralaterally (one hand explored the standard and the other hand set the response rod). Since, in the sagittal plane, scanning movements are analogous when the left and right hands explore oblique orientations, no oblique effect should be observed in this condition if the hypothesis is valid. Moreover, a development effect should be observed, since young children generally rely more on movement coding than do older children and adults. Results did not support these predictions: the same oblique effect appeared in the frontal and the sagittal planes both in the ipsilateral and in the contralateral condition, and the effect of age was not in the direction predicted by the hypothesis. The results were consistent with the hypothesis in the horizontal plane only. Experiments 2 and 3 provided further tests of this hypothesis but both failed to support it. Taken together, the results of these three experiments did not support the assumption and it is suggested that the haptic oblique effect may be linked to the gravitational cues provided by the arm—hand system when it acts in the three spatial planes.

Effect of age on energy utilization of early-weaned growing calves weighing less than 100 kg

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sekine ◽  
R. Oura ◽  
S. Morita ◽  
T. Morooka ◽  
Y. Asahida
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Age Regression ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Effect Of Age

ABSTRACTTo study, after weaning at 6 weeks of age, the effect of age on energy utilization of growing calves and to estimate the requirements of metabolizable energy (ME) for calves weighing less than 100 kg, 243 energy balance trials were conducted using 68 Holstein-Friesian castrated male calves at 7, 9 and 13 weeks of age. Regression analyses of energy retention (ER, kj/kg M0·75) on intakes of ME (kJ/kg M0·75) gave the following equations at the respective age: ER = 0·479 (s.e. 0·070) ME — 197, for 7 weeks, ER = 0·521 (s.e. 0·052) ME - 216 for 9 weeks and ER = 0·523 (s.e. 0·043) ME - 236, for 13 weeks. Amounts of ME for maintenance (MEm) calculatedas ER = 0 were 413, 415 and 451 kJ/kg M0·75 for calves at 7, 9 and 13 weeks of age, respectively. The efficiency of utilization of ME for growth was not significantly different among the ages and was 0·500 (s.e. 0023). ME required for growth was estimated to be 510 kJ/kg M0·75 for each kg gain in weight, irrespective of age. The requirements of ME of calves weighing less than 100 kg were lower than those estimated by extrapolation of British and American standards.

scholarly journals High variability impairs motor learning regardless of whether it affects task performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cardis ◽  
Maura Casadio ◽  
Rajiv Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Task Space ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Motor Variability ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Task

AbstractMotor variability plays an important role in motor learning, although the exact mechanisms of how variability affects learning is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that motor variability may have different effects on learning in redundant tasks, depending on whether it is present in the task space (where it affects task performance), or in the null space (where it has no effect on task performance). Here we examined the effect of directly introducing null and task space variability using a manipulandum during the learning of a motor task. Participants learned a bimanual shuffleboard task for 2 days, where their goal was to slide a virtual puck as close as possible towards a target. Critically, the distance traveled by the puck was determined by the sum of the left and right hand velocities, which meant that there was redundancy in the task. Participants were divided into five groups – based on both the dimension in which the variability was introduced and the amount of variability that was introduced during training. Results showed that although all groups were able to reduce error with practice, learning was affected more by the amount of variability introduced rather than the dimension in which variability was introduced. Specifically, groups with higher movement variability during practice showed larger errors at the end of practice compared to groups that had low variability during learning. These results suggest that although introducing variability can increase exploration of new solutions, this may come at a cost of decreased stability of the learned solution.

scholarly journals May-Thurner syndrome and varicose veins of the pelvic organs in men

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
A. A. Kapto
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compression Syndrome ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Venous Compression ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

The study objectiveis to study the methods of diagnosis and treatment of iliac venous compression in men with urological and andrological pathology and varicose veins of the pelvic organs.Materials and methods. From 2015 to 2018, 110 patients with bilateral varicocele, varicose veins of the pelvic organs and May–Thurner syndrome in age from 17 to 69 years (mean 33.2 years) were examined. Ultrasound echography of the scrotum organs and vessels of the penis, including transrectal and Doppler mode, magnetic resonance phlebography, dynamic pharmacocavernosography were used for the examination.Results.The presence of bilateral varicocele in all patients was verified. Aorto-mesenteric compression in combination with iliac venous compression was detected in 36 (32.7 %) patients. X-ray surgical treatment of ileal venous compression syndrome was performed in 26 patients. After 3 months in all cases there was a decrease in the maximum diameter of the veins of the prostate gland. In 13 patients with isolated ileal compression (without combination with arterial aorto-mesenteric forceps), by 3 months after surgery, a reduction in varicocele was observed: in all cases the diameter of the left and right testicular veins lying and without tension was less than 2 mm.Conclusion.Angioplasty and stenting of the iliac veins in arterio-venous conflicts is a highly effective method of treating patients with varicose veins of the pelvic organs in combination with varicocele.

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