scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianxing Wu ◽  
Niloofar Sabokroo ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Marzieh Hashemian ◽  
Somayeh Karamollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Abstract Background Vancomycin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a serious public health challenging concern worldwide. Objectives Therefore, the objective of present study of 62 published studies was to evaluate the prevalence of VRSA based on different years, areas, isolate source, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the genetic determinants. Methods We searched the relevant articles that focused on the prevalence rates of VRSA in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (version 14.0). Results The prevalence of VRSA was 2% before 2006, 5% in 2006–2014, and 7% in 2015–2020 that showed a 3.5-fold increase in the frequency of VRSA between before 2006 and 2020 years. The prevalence of VRSA was 5% in Asia, 1% in Europe, 4% in America, 3% in South America, and 16% in Africa. The frequencies of VRSA isolated from clinical, non-clinical, and mixed samples were 6%, 7%, and 14%, respectively. The prevalence of VRSA was 12% using disk diffusion agar method, 7% using MIC-base methods, and 4% using mixed-methods. The prevalence of vanA, vanB, and vanC1 positive were 71%, 26%, and 4% among VRSA strains. The most prevalent genotype was staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec (SCCmec) II, which accounted for 57% of VRSA. The most prevalent staphylococcal protein A (spa) types were t002, t030, and t037. Conclusion The prevalence of VRSA has been increasing in recent years particularly in Africa/Asia than Europe/America. The most prevalent of genetic determinants associated with VRSA were vanA and SCCmec II. This study clarifies that the rigorous monitoring of definite antibiotic policy, regular surveillance/control of nosocomial-associated infections and intensive surveillance of vancomycin-resistance are required for preventing emergence and further spreading of VRSA.

Multilocus Sequence Typing and Staphylococcal Protein A Typing Revealed Novel and Diverse Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Seafood and the Aquatic Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Murugadas ◽  
C. Joseph Toms ◽  
Sara A. Reethu ◽  
K. V. Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a global health concern since the 1960s, and isolation of this pathogen from food-producing animals has been increasing. However, little information is available on the prevalence of MRSA and its clonal characteristics in seafood and the aquatic environment. In this study, 267 seafood and aquatic environment samples were collected from three districts of Kerala, India. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for 65 MRSA strains isolated from 20 seafood and aquatic environment samples. The MRSA clonal profiles were t657-ST772, t002-ST5, t334-ST5, t311-ST5, t121-ST8, t186-ST88, t127-ST1, and two non-spa assignable strains. Whole spa gene sequence analysis along with MLST confirmed one strain as t711-ST6 and another as a novel MRSA clone identified for the first time in seafood and the aquatic environment with a t15669 spa type and a new MLST profile of ST420-256-236-66-82-411-477. The MRSA strains were clustered into five clonal complexes based on the goeBURST algorithm, indicating high diversity among MRSA strains in seafood and the aquatic environment. The novel clone formed a separate clonal complex with matches to three loci. This study recommends large-scale spa typing and MLST of MRSA isolates from seafood and the aquatic environment to determine the prevalence of new MRSA clones. This monitoring process can be useful for tracing local spread of MRSA isolates into the seafood production chain in a defined geographical area.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Effect of Nicotine and Staphylococcus aureus on Peri-Implant Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Hu ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Chengguang Zhu ◽  
Yujie Zhou ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Smoking is considered a key risk factor for implant survival; however, how it interacts with the pathogens in peri-implant infections is not clear. Here, we identified that nicotine, the key component of cigarette smoking, can interact with Staphylococcus aureus and synergistically induce peri-implant infections in a rat osteolysis model. The nicotine–S. aureus combination group increased the gross bone pathology, osteolysis, periosteal reactions, and bone resorption compared to the nicotine or S. aureus single treated group (p < 0.05). Nicotine did not promote the proliferation of S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo, but it can significantly upregulate the expression of staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key virulence factor of S. aureus. The nicotine–S. aureus combination also synergistically activated the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, p < 0.05) to promote the development of peri-implant infections. The synergistic effects between nicotine and S. aureus infection can be a new target to reduce the peri-implant infections.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Zhao ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Cui Zhao ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lulu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
The One

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is now regarded as a zoonotic agent. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 is a livestock-associated bacterium that is most prevalent in China, but there are currently no data available for Shandong. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characterization of MSSA ST398 from retail pork and bulk tank milk (BTM) in Shandong. A total of 67 S. aureus isolates were collected from retail pork between November 2017 and June 2018. Among the isolates, high antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for penicillin (97.0%), and 92.5% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Eight sequence types (STs) were identified in the retail pork isolates, and the predominant type was ST15 (n=26), which was followed by ST398 (n=14). Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing identified spa types t034 and t1255 in MSSA ST398 from retail pork. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis, we described the phylogeny of 29 MSSA ST398 isolates that were obtained from retail pork (n=14) and BTM (n=15). The phylogenetic tree showed that the MSSA ST398 isolates from different sources had the same lineage. Among the 29 MSSA ST398 isolates, five resistance genes were detected, and all isolates carried DHA-1. Fifteen toxin genes were detected, and all isolates carried eta, hla, and hlb. In conclusion, this study found that a high risk for MSSA ST398 was present in retail pork and BTM. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MSSA ST398 outbreaks should be conducted in the One-Health context.

Characterization of Borderline Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food of Animal Origin

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAROSŁAW BYSTROŃ ◽  
MAGDALENA PODKOWIK ◽  
KAMILA KORZEKWA ◽  
ELŻBIETA LIS ◽  
JERZY MOLENDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Strains

In this study, the molecular characteristics of food-derived oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Eight borderline oxacillin-resistant strains with MICs of 2 to 4 μg/ml were identified from 132 S. aureus isolates of food origin. One of the two isolates with a MIC of 4 μg/ml was methicillin-resistant determinant (mecA) gene positive, and the other six with MICs of 2 μg/ml were mecA negative. The mecA-positive isolate was classified as sequence type (ST)228, staphylococcal protein A (spa) type t041, and carried the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type I element. Two borderline oxacillin-resistant strains were classified as spa t008 and ST8, and the remaining five as spa t164 and ST20. The mecA-positive strain and four borderline oxacillin-resistant strains were found enterotoxigenic. The enterotoxin genes detected in these strains included selp, egc1, and sed-sej-selr. The borderline-resistant S. aureus isolates from a manually handled product, i.e., minced pork, were shown genetically related to strains associated with human infections. This suggests that humans can be considered as a source of contamination of this food with oxacillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The genotypes of the investigated milk borderline-resistant isolates were shown to occur not only in cows, but also in humans. Since manual handling is reduced in raw milk production, a human origin of S. aureus seems unlikely. Because knowledge of the genotypes of animal staphylococci is limited, more research is needed to address the question of the origin of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains in food.

Vancomycin Resistance Among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Selected Hospitals in Sokoto Metropolis

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Umar A.I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Mic Value

The decreased vancomycin susceptibility and subsequent emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains is a major public health problem. This study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates obtained from patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital Sokoto. A total of 80 S. aureus clinical isolates were obtained from the medical microbiology laboratories of the selected hospitals. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates was carried out using the agar dilution method and isolates were screened for vancomycin resistance using vancomycin agar screen method. Of the 80 S. aureus isolates studied, 69 (86.0%) were identified as vancomycin susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) with MIC value of ≤2 µg/ml, 11 (13.8%) were identified as vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and had MIC value of 4-8 µg/mL (VISA) and none of the isolates was identified as vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The study detects high prevalence rate of VISA in the study area and identifies the need for increased public awareness on the danger associated with the presence of drug resistant bacteria. Emphasis should be directed at discouraging practices such as the use of over the counter medications which increase the rate of development of drug resistant organisms. Keywords: Vancomycin, Resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, MIC, VRSA

scholarly journals Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 Is Essential for Expression of High-Level Vancomycin Resistance and Cell Wall Synthesis in Vancomycin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carrying the Enterococcal vanA Gene Complex

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 4566-4573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Severin ◽  
Shang Wei Wu ◽  
Keiko Tabei ◽  
Alexander Tomasz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT A combination of biochemical and genetic experiments were performed in order to better understand the mechanism of expression of high-level vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The transcription of pbp2 of the highly vancomycin- and oxacillin-resistant strain COLVA200 and its mutant derivative with inactivated mecA were put under the control of an inducible promoter, and the dependence of oxacillin and vancomycin resistance and cell wall composition on the concentration of the isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside inducer was determined. The results indicate that mecA—the genetic determinant of oxacillin resistance—while essential for oxacillin resistance, is not involved with the expression of vancomycin resistance. Penicillin binding protein 2A, the protein product of mecA, appears to be unable to utilize the depsipeptide cell wall precursor produced in the vancomycin-resistant cells for transpeptidation. The key penicillin binding protein essential for vancomycin resistance and for the synthesis of the abnormally structured cell walls characteristic of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (A. Severin, K. Tabei, F. Tenover, M. Chung, N. Clarke, and A. Tomasz, J. Biol. Chem. 279:3398-3407, 2004) is penicillin binding protein 2.

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