Zika virus congenital syndrome: experimental models and clinical aspects

This review considers many new basic and clinical aspects of parathyroid hormone (PTH). We focus especially on the identification of PTH fragments and how they may relate to renal failure, diagnosis, and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. The biosynthesis and metabolism of PTH, measurement of circulating forms of PTH, the effects of PTH on receptor activation and turnover, the relationship between PTH levels and bone turnover in renal failure in humans, and the involvement of PTH in experimental models of renal failure are discussed. Despite these developments in understanding the etiology of renal failure and the availability of new assays for bioactive PTH, no adequate surrogate for bone biopsy and quantitative bone histomorphometry has been developed.

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Experimental Zika Virus Infection in the Pregnant Common Marmoset Induces Spontaneous Fetal Loss and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities

10.1101/259317 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maxim Seferovic ◽

Claudia Sánchez-San Martín ◽

Suzette D. Tardif ◽

Julienne Rutherford ◽

Eumenia C.C. Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

World Monkey ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Type I ◽

Monkey Model ◽

Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities

During its most recent outbreak across the Americas, Zika virus (ZIKV) was surprisingly shown to cause fetal loss and congenital malformations in acutely and chronically infected pregnant women. However, understanding the underlying pathogenesis of ZIKV congenital disease has been hampered by a lack of relevant in vivo experimental models. Here we present a candidate New World monkey model of ZIKV infection in pregnant marmosets that faithfully recapitulates human disease. ZIKV inoculation at the human-equivalent of early gestation caused an asymptomatic seroconversion, induction of type I/II interferon-associated genes and proinflammatory cytokines, and persistent viremia and viruria. Spontaneous pregnancy loss was observed 16-18 days post-infection, with extensive active placental viral replication and fetal neurocellular disorganization similar to that seen in humans. These findings underscore the key role of the placenta as a conduit for fetal infection, and demonstrate the utility of marmosets as a highly relevant model for studying congenital ZIKV disease and pregnancy loss.

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Clinical aspects of congenital microcephaly syndrome by Zika virus in a rehabilitation center for patients with microcephaly

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 1249-1253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kelson James Almeida ◽

Augusto César Beserra Martins ◽

Isadora Costa Coelho Gayoso e Almendra ◽

Gabriel Medina Sobreira de Meneses ◽

Thales Daniel de Oliveira Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Medical Records ◽

High Frequency ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Gender And Age ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Congenital Microcephaly

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE In this study, we intend to identify the prevalence of clinical variables in children with microcephaly. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and observational study with data collected from medical records of patients admitted to the microcephaly outpatient clinic of a referral center in Teresina-PI. Demographic (gender and age) and clinical data (presence of epilepsy, dysphagia, irritability, and associated comorbidities) were collected. The frequency of Zika virus as a probable etiology was determined from computed tomography patterns and the exclusion of other etiologies by serological tests. RESULTS A total of 67 patient records were evaluated, of which 31 were male and 36 were female, with a mean age of 1 year and 10 months. The most prevalent clinical variables were epilepsy, present in 47 children (70.2%), and irritability in 37 (55.2%). Also with a high frequency, 22 had dysphagia (32.8%), and 13 had musculoskeletal comorbidities (19.4%). Only three patients in the sample had cardiac abnormalities (4.5%), and no endocrine comorbidity was found. A total of 38 children in the sample (56.7%) presented ZIKV as a probable etiology and, in these cases, there was a higher frequency of epilepsy and dysphagia compared to other etiologies, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Epilepsy, irritability, dysphagia, and musculoskeletal comorbidities were the most frequent clinical variables in children with microcephaly. There was a high prevalence of congenital ZIKV microcephaly syndrome in this sample.

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Exofocal changes in experimental focal cerebral ischemia: an experimental approach and its clinical correlation.

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v39i3supl3.610 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 39 (3 Supl 3) ◽

pp. 85-94

Author(s):

César A. Arango Dávila ◽

Martha Isabel Escobar ◽

Efraín Buriticá ◽

Hernán Pimienta

Keyword(s):

Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Brain Lesion ◽

Dynamic Structure ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Cell Phenotype ◽

Cellular Events ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Genes Expression

Introduction: The brain is an extraordinarily dynamic structure specially its physiology in response to pathological events. This response include several mechanisms such as changes in cell metabolism, genes expression and possible modifications in cell phenotype and in connectivity that reflect activation of processes like neurogenesis, neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. Several aspects related with neuroplasticity has been proposed as part of the pathophysiological bases to understand brain ischemia and its exofocal phenomena. Progress in understanding of the pathophysiology of brain lesion has required the use of experimental models to evaluate cellular events that occur immediately after the lesion or later, to associate this changes with clinical observations and to propose pharmacological neuroprotection therapies. Objective: The purpose of the present work is to compile the advances in understanding of plasticity after brain lesion, mainly related with exofocal areas to a core lesion. Discussion and conclusions: The present work shows recent advances in neuroplasticity based on experimental approaches, and preclinical findings related with the exofocal ischemic phenomena: changes in areas not completely ischemic, changes in no ischemic areas affected by chemical or electrical signals, changes in the pattern of connectivity and adaptative changes in remote areas to the ischemic core. Finally, we discuss clinical aspects associated with this changes, experimental strategies and clinical pharmacological interventions.

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Congenital heart disease in zika virus congenital syndrome: how and when to investigate

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/apa.16063 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nivia Maria Rodrigues Arrais ◽

Pedro Vítor Silveira de Souza ◽

Gisele Correia Pacheco Leite ◽

Mylena Taíse Azevedo Lima Bezerra ◽

Claudia Rodrigues Souza Maia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Congenital Syndrome

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Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/c mice

10.21203/rs.2.24276/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Derick Mendes Bandeira ◽

Gabriela Cardoso Caldas ◽

Fernanda Cunha Jácome ◽

Arthur da Costa Rasinhas ◽

Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Time Of Infection ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Positive Results ◽

Different Tissues

Abstract The aim of the present study was to infect BALB/c mice with ZIKV to evaluate clinical signs and to quantify the viral load in different tissues at three different kinetic points. For this purpose, fifteen mice were inoculated with a 100µl of a viral solution and five other mice were used as negative controls. After euthanasia, nine different tissues were collected and macerated for RNA extraction and quantification. The infections were not lethal. Some of them, however, showed great agitation, hair bristling and itchy skin. Viral RNA was detected in one heart sample, eight samples of spleen and two of skeletal muscle. Seven out of eleven positive samples were from mice euthanized on the third day after infection. Only spleen yielded positive results at a later time of infection. These results contribute to a better understanding of clinical signs and replication dynamics of Zika virus in different organs of BALB/c mice, which are still scarce data in the scientific literature.

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