Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Mendes Bandeira ◽  
Gabriela Cardoso Caldas ◽  
Fernanda Cunha Jácome ◽  
Arthur da Costa Rasinhas ◽  
Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract The aim of the present study was to infect BALB/c mice with ZIKV to evaluate clinical signs and to quantify the viral load in different tissues at three different kinetic points. For this purpose, fifteen mice were inoculated with a 100µl of a viral solution and five other mice were used as negative controls. After euthanasia, nine different tissues were collected and macerated for RNA extraction and quantification. The infections were not lethal. Some of them, however, showed great agitation, hair bristling and itchy skin. Viral RNA was detected in one heart sample, eight samples of spleen and two of skeletal muscle. Seven out of eleven positive samples were from mice euthanized on the third day after infection. Only spleen yielded positive results at a later time of infection. These results contribute to a better understanding of clinical signs and replication dynamics of Zika virus in different organs of BALB/c mice, which are still scarce data in the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/cAn mice / Aspectos clínicos e detecção de RNA do vírus Zika em diferentes tecidos de camundongos BALB/cAn infectados experimentalmente

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1977-1985
Author(s):  
Derick Mendes Bandeira ◽  
Gabriela Cardoso Caldas ◽  
Fernanda Cunha Jácome ◽  
Arthur da Costa Rasinhas ◽  
Renata Tourinho Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Virus Zika

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Investigations for Invasive Bladder Cancer

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Hunt ◽  
C R J Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Liver Scan ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

The results of diagnostic and staging investigations in consecutive cases of invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are reviewed. Urine culture, urine cytology and intravenous urography had positive results in a high percentage of cases. As diagnostic investigations they are cost-effective but certainly do not remove the obligation to perform cystoscopy and examination under anaesthetic. Isotopic bone scan and liver scan showed metastases in 4 and one cases respectively and only when there were clinical signs of disseminated disease. Chest X-ray showed metastases in one case. These investigations are not cost-effective. Lymphangiography was positive in 12 of the 94 cases and, although expensive (£70), is still a staging investigation of value in planning treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ribonucleotide 5′-Triphosphate Analogs as Potential Inhibitors of Zika Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Using Nonradioactive Polymerase Assays

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofei Lu ◽  
Gregory R. Bluemling ◽  
Paul Collop ◽  
Michael Hager ◽  
Damien Kuiper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging human pathogen that is spreading rapidly through the Americas and has been linked to the development of microcephaly and to a dramatically increased number of Guillain-Barré syndrome cases. Currently, no vaccine or therapeutic options for the prevention or treatment of ZIKV infections exist. In the study described in this report, we expressed, purified, and characterized full-length nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) and the NS5 polymerase domain (NS5pol) of ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Using purified NS5, we developed an in vitro nonradioactive primer extension assay employing a fluorescently labeled primer-template pair. Both purified NS5 and NS5pol can carry out in vitro RNA-dependent RNA synthesis in this assay. Our results show that Mn2+ is required for enzymatic activity, while Mg2+ is not. We found that ZIKV NS5 can utilize single-stranded DNA but not double-stranded DNA as a template or a primer to synthesize RNA. The assay was used to compare the efficiency of incorporation of analog 5′-triphosphates by the ZIKV polymerase and to calculate their discrimination versus that of natural ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTPs). The 50% inhibitory concentrations for analog rNTPs were determined in an alternative nonradioactive coupled-enzyme assay. We determined that, in general, 2′-C-methyl- and 2′-C-ethynyl-substituted analog 5′-triphosphates were efficiently incorporated by the ZIKV polymerase and were also efficient chain terminators. Derivatives of these molecules may serve as potential antiviral compounds to be developed to combat ZIKV infection. This report provides the first characterization of ZIKV polymerase and demonstrates the utility of in vitro polymerase assays in the identification of potential ZIKV inhibitors.

scholarly journals Detection of Schmallenberg Virus RNA in Bull Semen in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kęsik-Maliszewska ◽  
M. Larska
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bovine Semen ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Virus Excretion ◽  
Venereal Transmission

Abstract The detection of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in the breeding bull semen raised the question of the possibility of venereal transmission of SBV which could result in cost-intensive restrictions in the trade of bovine semen. In order to evaluate the presence of SBV RNA in bovine semen, 131 bull semen samples from four locations in Poland collected between 2013 and 2015 were analysed by RT-PCR for viral RNA. SBV RNA was detected in 5.3% of the samples. The study has revealed that application of an appropriate RNA extraction method is crucial to detect virus excretion via semen.

scholarly journals Portland Cement Use in Dental Root Perforations: A Long Term Followup

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Borges ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Luis Augusto Faitaroni ◽  
Elibel Reginna de Siqueira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Iatrogenic Perforation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Root canal and furcal perforations are causes of endodontic therapy failure and different materials that stimulate tissue mineralization have been proposed for perforation treatment. In the first case, a patient presented tooth 46 with unsatisfactory endodontic treatment and a periapical radiographic lesion. A radiolucent area compatible with a perforating internal resorption cavity was found in the mesial root. The granulation tissue was removed, and root canals were prepared. The intracanal medication was composed of calcium hydroxide and the perforation cavity was filled with Portland cement. The 11-year followup showed radiographic repair of the tissue adjacent to the perforation and absence of clinical signs and symptoms or periapical lesion. In the second case, a patient presented with edema on the buccal surface of tooth 46. The examination showed a radiolucent area in the furcation region compatible with an iatrogenic perforation cavity. The mesial root canals were calcified, and only the distal root canal was prepared. The cavity was filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and the distal root canal was obturated. In sequence, the perforation cavity was filled with Portland cement. The 9-year followup showed the tooth in masticatory function with radiographic and clinical aspects compatible with normality.

Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of dogs with Coccidioides osteomyelitis

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Shaver ◽  
Daniel S. Foy ◽  
Todd D. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe signalment, clinical signs, serologic test results, treatment, and outcome of dogs with Coccidioides osteomyelitis (COM) and to compare those findings with findings for dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). ANIMALS 14 dogs with COM and 16 dogs with OSA. PROCEDURES Data were retrospectively gathered from electronic medical records. RESULTS Dogs with COM were younger and weighed less than dogs with OSA. Six dogs with COM had appendicular lesions, 5 had axial lesions, and 3 had both appendicular and axial lesions; 9 had monostotic disease, and 5 had polyostotic disease. Axial lesions and nonadjacent polyostotic disease were more common in dogs with COM than in dogs with OSA, but radiographic appearance was not different between the 2 groups. Median IgG titer at diagnosis of COM was 1:48 and was significantly decreased after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Percentage of dogs with COM that had clinical signs was significantly decreased after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. One year after initiation of treatment, 9 of 9 dogs were still receiving fluconazole and 8 of 9 dogs had positive results for serum IgG titer testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs with COM typically had a rapid improvement in clinical signs after initiating treatment with fluconazole but required long-term antifungal treatment. Dogs with COM differed from dogs with OSA, but radiographic features had a great degree of overlap between groups, confounding the ability to make a diagnosis on the basis of diagnostic imaging alone.

scholarly journals Nitrate and nitrite poisoning in sheep and goats caused by ingestion of Portulaca oleracea

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549-1553
Author(s):  
João G. Simões ◽  
Rosane Maria T. Medeiros ◽  
Márcia A. Medeiros ◽  
Robério G. Olinda ◽  
Antônio Flávio M. Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACT: Three outbreaks of poisoning by Portulaca oleracea were reported in sheep and goats in Northeast Brazil. In the first outbreak, 8 out of 20 sheep were affected and later died. In the second outbreak, three goats and one sheep died out of a flock of 30 animals that included both species. In the third outbreak, two out of 19 sheep were affected, and they recovered after a treatment of 2% methylene blue at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight. In the first and second outbreaks, the animals ingested P. oleracea after it was cut and offered in feeders. In the third outbreak, the flock was grazing in an area that had been invaded by the plant. To determine the toxicity, P. oleracea was administered experimentally at a dose of 80g/kg of body weight to seven sheep, weighing 19-30 kg. One control sheep received green grass. One to four hours after P. oleracea ingestion, the animals showed clinical signs of poisoning characterized by cyanotic mucous membranes, bloat, ruminal pH of 8-9, pollakiuria, aerophagia, involuntary movements of the upper lip, apathy, tachypnea and tachycardia. Five animals recovered, including one that was treated with 1% methylene blue, and two animals died. During necropsy, the mucous membranes were brownish, and the blood was dark brown. Diphenylamine tests of the plant and of rumen contents were positive for nitrates. Positive results for nitrates were also found in 24 samples of P. oleracea that were collected in different places in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba. We conclude that P. oleracea accumulates nitrates at toxic levels and may cause poisoning in sheep and goats.

scholarly journals Prevalence of paratuberculosis infection in sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Branka Vidic ◽  
Zivoslav Grgic ◽  
Milovan Jovicin ◽  
Zoran Rasic ◽  
Sara Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Positive Results

Paratuberculosis is an incurable chronic disease of ruminants, which is manifested with clinical signs of diarrhea and progressive weight loss. Causative agent is Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and the disiase occurs in cattle, sheep and goats. The outspread of paratuberculosis is huge in the whole world, especially in the countries where animal breeding is a developed branch of economy. Animals get infected with food and water contaminated with feces of infected animals. The infection spreads within infected pastures and also when trading animals with latent infection. Clinical manifestation of the disease can firstly be noticed in young categories of sheep, which is different than in cattle. Primary clinical symptom is chronic weight loss. It is rather hard to determine the level of prevalence of the disease, in a certain region, because the diagnostic procedure is complex and not always reliable enough. Detection of antibodies with ELISA test is considered a method of choice for diagnostic of paratuberculosis, because of fast gaining of the results and relatively low price of the test. By applying the ELISA test, we have analysed 2000 sheep blood samples. Positive results for paratuberculosis were found in 66 ( 3,30%) animals in total. In sheep samples from southern Backa region, positive findings were gained from 42 (3,89%) samples, and in Srem region, positive finding were found in samples from 24 sheep (2,60%). Control programs are based on the removal of all infected animals, application of general preventive measures and vaccination. Application of vaccination aims for elimination of clinical form of the disease. An effective treatment has not been determined so far.

scholarly journals Short communication: Molecular detection of honeybee viruses in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e05SC02
Author(s):  
María E. Bravi ◽  
Jorge Avalos ◽  
Hugo Rosero ◽  
Gerald Maldonado ◽  
Francisco J. Reynaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Honeybee Population

Aim of study: The honeybee, Apis mellifera, is one of the most important pollinators in the world. Apicultural activity and pollination services have been affected by the decline in the honeybee population, which may be due to the interaction of multiple risk factors, such as changes in agricultural production, use of pesticides and presence of pathogens. Viruses, in particular, are suspected to be drivers of colony mortality. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of honeybee viruses (IAPV, DWV, SBV, ABPV, BQCV, CBPV) in A. mellifera populations using a RT-mPCR assay.Area of study: Apiaries were situated in Pichincha, Ecuador.Material and methods: Samples were collected from seventeen apiaries that exhibited mortality but without specific clinical signs. Each sample comprised 15 individuals. After RNA extraction, a multiplex PCR analysis was performed for presence of six viruses (IAPV, DWV, SBV, ABPV, BQCV, CBPV).Main results: Four of the viruses (ABPV, DWV, BQCV and SBV) were found in co-infections in these colonies, with ABPV and SBV also being found in simple infections.Research highlights: To our knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of BQCV and SBV in Ecuador. These findings suggest that some of the above viruses could be involved in weakening these colonies.

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