Zika virus: epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and control of infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Karkhah ◽  
Hamid Reza Nouri ◽  
Mostafa Javanian ◽  
Veerendra Koppolu ◽  
Jila Masrour-Roudsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals A genetically stable Zika virus vaccine candidate protects mice against virus infection and vertical transmission

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awadalkareem Adam ◽  
Camila R. Fontes-Garfias ◽  
Vanessa V. Sarathy ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Huanle Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
And Control

AbstractAlthough live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have been effective in the control of flavivirus infections, to date they have been excluded from Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine trials due to safety concerns. We have previously reported two ZIKV mutants, each of which has a single substitution in either envelope (E) glycosylation or nonstructural (NS) 4B P36 and displays a modest reduction in mouse neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness, respectively. Here, we generated a ZIKV mutant, ZE4B-36, which combines mutations in both E glycosylation and NS4B P36. The ZE4B-36 mutant is stable and attenuated in viral replication. Next-generation sequence analysis showed that the attenuating mutations in the E and NS4B proteins are retained during serial cell culture passages. The mutant exhibits a significant reduction in neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence and low infectivity in mosquitoes. It induces robust ZIKV-specific memory B cell, antibody, and T cell-mediated immune responses in type I interferon receptor (IFNR) deficient mice. ZIKV-specific T cell immunity remains strong months post-vaccination in wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Vaccination with ZE4B-36 protects mice from ZIKV-induced diseases and vertical transmission. Our results suggest that combination mutations in E glycosylation and NS4B P36 contribute to a candidate LAV with significantly increased safety but retain strong immunogenicity for prevention and control of ZIKV infection.

Vectors, Hosts, and Control Measures for Zika Virus in the Americas

EcoHealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Thompson ◽  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Andrew M. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Focus on localized laryngeal amyloidosis: management of five cases

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Massimo Mesolella ◽  
Gerardo Petruzzi ◽  
Sarah Buono ◽  
Grazia Salerno ◽  
Francesco Antonio Salzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Laryngeal Amyloidosis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Localized Laryngeal Amyloidosis

AbstractAmyloidosis is a group of idiopathic clinical syndromes caused by the deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteins (amyloid) in the extracellular matrix of organs and tissues. These deposits disrupt the function of the target organ. Amyloidosis can manifest as a systemic disease or a single-organ involvement (local form). Its etiology still remains unclear. Deposits of amyloid in the larynx are rare, accounting for between 0.2 and 1.2% of benign tumors of the larynx. In this retrospective study, we report the clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of five female patients with localized laryngeal amyloidosis without systemic involvement. The patients were all treated successfully using microlaryngoscopy with CO2 laser or cold instruments. Prognosis is excellent; however, appropriate follow-up is an important part of the long-term management of this disease in order to prevent and control the possibility of local recurrence.

scholarly journals Times to Key Events in the Course of Zika Infection and their Implications for Surveillance: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Lessler ◽  
Cassandra T. Ott ◽  
Andrea C. Carcelen ◽  
Jacob M. Konikoff ◽  
Joe Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Background Evidence suggests that Zika virus has driven a 10-fold increase in babies born with microcephaly in Brazil, prompting the WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, little is known about the natural history of infection. These data are critical for implementation of surveillance and control measures such as protecting the blood supply. Methods We conducted a systematic review and pooled analysis to estimate the distribution of times from Zika infection to symptom onset, seroconversion, and viral clearance, and analyzed their implications for surveillance and blood supply safety. Results Based on 25 case reports, we estimate the median incubation period of Zika virus infection is 5.9 days (95% CI: 4.4-7.6), and that 95% of cases will develop symptoms by 11.1 days post-infection (95% CI: 7.6-18.0). On average seroconversion occurs 9.0 days (95% CI, 7.0-11.6) after infection, and virus is detectable in blood for 9.9 days (95% CI: 6.8-21.4). In 5% of cases detectable virus persists for over 18.9 days (95% CI: 12.6-79.5). The baseline (no screening) risk of a blood donation being infected with Zika increases by approximately 1 in 10,000 for every 1 per 100,000 person-days increase in Zika incidence. Symptom based screening reduces this by 7% (RR 0.93, 93% CI 0.86-0.99), and antibody screening by 29% (RR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.28-0.88). Conclusions Symptom or antibody-based surveillance can do little to reduce the risk of Zika contaminated blood donations. High incidence areas may consider PCR testing to identify lots safe for use in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Ebola in Africa - Discoveries in the past decade

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Past ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Within the past decade, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) has been recognised for the first time in four countries. Our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis and control measures for EHF has improved considerably as a result of the outbreaks in these countries and the re-emergence that has occurred in another. The coordinated international responses to several of the large EHF outbreaks serve as models for controlling epidemics of other communicable diseases. This report is a chronological overview of the EHF outbreaks in Africa during the past decade, including the recent epidemics in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, and highlights new discoveries and some of the remaining challenges.

Zika virus, pathology, and control: Zika vaccine strategies in development

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Gilles Gadea ◽  
Wildriss Viranaicken ◽  
Philippe Desprès
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Psycho-social and clinical aspects of diabeto-criticare

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Sukhminder Bajwa ◽  
Vishal Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Review ◽  
And Control ◽  
Social Management ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

AbstractA progressive rise in the number of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients has been observed globally with India becoming a new diabetic capital. In spite of numerous advancements in the pharmacotherapeutics, diabetes is still difficult to manage and control. Besides clinical management of DM, an increasing need is felt to manage the psycho-social aspects related to DM, which have not been given adequate attention. Similar trends can be observed in the critically ill diabetic patients in intensive care units (ICU), which is treated on the lines of evidence based clinical medicine. The psycho-social management of diabetes is somewhat a newer concept for the intensivist that was being practiced occasionally, but unknowingly. The newer psycho-social guidelines to manage DM can be of immense help in ICU if such guidelines are modified to suit the needs of the intensivists and critically ill patients. The current review is aimed at analyzing the clinical, biological, social and psychological aspects of critically ill DM patients and the possible therapeutics measures and modifications in the current regimens so as to effectively treat the rising epidemic of DM.

Diagnostic aspects, carditis and other acute manifestations of streptococcal infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleonice de Carvalho Coelho Mota ◽  
Zilda Maria Alves Meira ◽  
Rosangela Nicoli Graciano ◽  
Marly Conceição Silva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe have conducted, in two stages, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the diagnostic and evolutionary clinical aspects of rheumatic fever. The descriptive analysis was based on a sample of 226 patients seen between 1976–1986. The forms and frequency of the manifestations of rheumatic fever were studied, as well as the difficulties encountered in diagnosing mild cases and the risk of making a hasty diagnosis due to the high prevalence of the disease. Subsequent to the establishment of an outpatient clinic for referral of patients with rheumatic fever, as part of a study and control program for the disease, 98 patients were seen in the period 1988–1991. In order to compare the profile of the manifestations in the acute phase with evolutionary aspects over the course of the disease, a subgroup of 61 children, treated in the period 1983–986 was selected to obtain equivalence in size of sample and time of follow-up (p = 0.08). The comparative analysis revealed that no modifications have occurred over the period of study in the profile of the manifestations during the acute phase, and no statistically significant differences have occurred in age at first attack, severity ofcarditis, or in the type ofvalvar and articular involvement. Evolutionary data after rigid control of primary and secondary prevention, however, showed a marked reduction in the incidence of recurrence (p = 0.036), the frequency of hospital admission (p = 0.001) and deaths (p = 0.024). The main factors modifying the evolution of the disease were analyzed. The action of the health team had a fundamental importance in the control of recurrence. This fact is especially important for developing countries, where a reduction of the prevalence of the disease can only be achieved through major structural socioeconomic changes in the community.

scholarly journals Toxocariasis: Clinical Aspects, Epidemiology, Medical Ecology, and Molecular Aspects

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Despommier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Toxocariasis is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world. The eggs from these ascarids are common environmental contaminants of human habitation, due largely to the fact that many kinds of dogs and cats serve as pets, while countless others run wild throughout the streets of most urban centers. The eggs, present in dog and cat feces, become infectious within weeks after they are deposited in the local environment (e.g., sandboxes, city parks, and public beaches, etc.). Humans, particularly children, frequently ingest these eggs by accident and become infected. Infection in humans, in contrast to their definitive hosts, remains occult, often resulting in disease caused by the migrating larval stages. Visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) are two clinical manifestations that result in definable syndromes and present as serious health problems wherever they occur. Diagnosis and treatment of VLM and OLM are difficult. These issues are summarized in this review, with emphasis on the ecology of transmission and control of spread to both humans and animals through public health initiatives employing treatment of pets and environmental intervention strategies that limit the areas that dogs and cats are allowed within the confines of urban centers.

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