scholarly journals Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the brain’s drainage efficiency in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Lin ◽  
Jian Jin ◽  
Rongke Lv ◽  
Yuan Luo ◽  
Weiping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
5Xfad Mouse ◽  
5Xfad Mice

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with high prevalence rate among the elderly population. A large number of clinical studies have suggested repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a promising non-invasive treatment for patients with mild to moderate AD. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely uninvestigated. In the current study, we examined the effect of high frequency rTMS treatment on the cognitive functions and pathological changes in the brains of 4- to 5-month old 5xFAD mice, an early pathological stage with pronounced amyloidopathy and cognitive deficit. Our results showed that rTMS treatment effectively prevented the decline of long-term memories of the 5xFAD mice for novel objects and locations. Importantly, rTMS treatment significantly increased the drainage efficiency of brain clearance pathways, including the glymphatic system in brain parenchyma and the meningeal lymphatics, in the 5xFAD mouse model. Significant reduction of Aβ deposits, suppression of microglia and astrocyte activation, and prevention of decline of neuronal activity as indicated by the elevated c-FOS expression, were observed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the rTMS-treated 5xFAD mice. Collectively, these findings provide a novel mechanistic insight of rTMS in regulating brain drainage system and β-amyloid clearance in the 5xFAD mouse model, and suggest the potential use of the clearance rate of contrast tracer in cerebrospinal fluid as a prognostic biomarker for the effectiveness of rTMS treatment in AD patients.

Prolonged Volatile Anesthetic Exposure Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathology in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fanglei Han ◽  
Jia Zhao ◽  
Guoqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Volatile Anesthetics ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
5Xfad Mouse ◽  
Anesthetic Exposure ◽  
5Xfad Mice

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which shows a set of symptoms involving cognitive changes and psychological changes. Given that AD is the most common form of dementia in aging population and the increasing demand for anesthesia/surgery with aging, there has been significant interest in the exact impact of volatile anesthetics on cognitive function and pathological alterations in AD population. Objective: This study aimed to investigate behavioral changes and neuropathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease with short-term exposure or long-term exposure to desflurane, sevoflurane, or isoflurane. Methods: In this study, we exposed 5xFAD mouse model of AD to isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane in two different time periods (30 min and 6 h), and the memory related behaviors as well as the pathological changes in 5xFAD mice were evaluated 7 days after the anesthetic exposure. Results: We found that short-term exposure to volatile anesthetics did not affect hippocampus dependent memory and the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. However, long-term exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane significantly increased the Aβ deposition in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus, as well as the glial cell activation in amygdala. Besides, the PSD-95 expression was decreased in 5xFAD mice with exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane and the caspase-3 activation was enhanced in isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the time-dependent effects of common volatile anesthetics and implicate that desflurane has the potential benefits to prolonged anesthetic exposure in AD patients.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Seung Choung ◽  
Jong Moon Kim ◽  
Myoung-Hwan Ko ◽  
Dong Sik Cho ◽  
MinYoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

scholarly journals Topographical Visualization of the Reciprocal Projection between the Medial Septum and the Hippocampus in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujin Kim ◽  
Yunkwon Nam ◽  
Yu-on Jeong ◽  
Hyun Ha Park ◽  
Seong-kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
5Xfad Mouse ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
5Xfad Mice

It is widely known that the degeneration of neural circuits is prominent in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The reciprocal connectivity of the medial septum (MS) and hippocampus, which constitutes the septo-hippocampo-septal (SHS) loop, is known to be associated with learning and memory. Despite the importance of the reciprocal projections between the MS and hippocampus in AD, the alteration of bidirectional connectivity between two structures has not yet been investigated at the mesoscale level. In this study, we adopted AD animal model, five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) mice, and anterograde and retrograde tracers, BDA and DiI, respectively, to visualize the pathology-related changes in topographical connectivity of the SHS loop in the 5XFAD brain. By comparing 4.5-month-old and 14-month-old 5XFAD mice, we successfully identified key circuit components of the SHS loop altered in 5XFAD brains. Remarkably, the SHS loop began to degenerate in 4.5-month-old 5XFAD mice before the onset of neuronal loss. The impairment of connectivity between the MS and hippocampus was accelerated in 14-month-old 5XFAD mice. These results demonstrate, for the first time, topographical evidence for the degradation of the interconnection between the MS and hippocampus at the mesoscale level in a mouse model of AD. Our results provide structural and functional insights into the interconnectivity of the MS and hippocampus, which will inform the use and development of various therapeutic approaches that target neural circuits for the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Athina-Maria Aloizou ◽  
Georgia Pateraki ◽  
Konstantinos Anargyros ◽  
Vasileios Siokas ◽  
Christos Bakirtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Dementia is a debilitating impairment of cognitive functions that affects millions of people worldwide. There are several diseases belonging to the dementia spectrum, most prominently Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Lewy body dementia (LBD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, non-invasive form of brain stimulation that utilizes a magnetic coil to generate an electrical field and induce numerous changes in the brain. It is considered efficacious for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this paper, we review the available studies involving rTMS in the treatment of these dementia types. The majority of studies have involved AD and shown beneficial effects, either as a standalone, or as an add-on to standard-of-care pharmacological treatment and cognitive training. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to hold a central position in the applied protocols, but several parameters still need to be defined. In addition, rTMS has shown potential in mild cognitive impairment as well. Regarding the remaining dementias, research is still at preliminary phases, and large, randomized studies are currently lacking.

scholarly journals Retinal Functional and Structural Changes in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah K. H. Lim ◽  
Qiao-Xin Li ◽  
Zheng He ◽  
Algis J. Vingrys ◽  
Holly R. Chinnery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
5Xfad Mouse

Exercise‐Induced Alterations in TrkB expression in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Moylan ◽  
Thanh Vinh Cao ◽  
Quy‐Susan Huynh ◽  
Anishchal Pratap ◽  
R. M. Damian Holsinger
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
5Xfad Mouse ◽  
Exercise Induced
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