scholarly journals Suicidal ideation, self-injury, aggressive behavior and substance use during intensive trauma-focused treatment with exposure-based components in adolescent and young adult PTSD patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Fischer ◽  
Rita Rosner ◽  
Babette Renneberg ◽  
Regina Steil
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Injury

Abstract Background Multiple traumata such as child sexual and/or physical abuse often result in complex psychopathologies and a range of associated dysfunctional behaviors. Although evidence-based interventions exist, some therapists are concerned that trauma-focused psychotherapy with exposure-based elements may lead to the deterioration of associated dysfunctional behaviors in adolescents and young adults. Therefore, we examined the course of suicidal ideation, self-injury, aggressive behavior and substance use in a group of abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients during phase-based, trauma-focused PTSD treatment. Methods Daily assessments from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Developmentally adapted Cognitive Processing Therapy (D-CPT) were analyzed to test for differences in the stated dysfunctional behaviors between the four treatment phases. We conducted multilevel modeling and repeated measure ANOVAs. Results We did not find any significant differences between the treatment phases concerning the stated dysfunctional behaviors, either at the level of urge or at the level of actual actions. On the contrary, in some primary outcomes (self-injury, aggressive behavior), as well as secondary outcomes (distress caused by trauma, joy), we observed significant improvements. Discussion Overall, during D-CPT, adolescents and young adults showed no deterioration in dysfunctional behaviors, while even showing improvements in some, suggesting that trauma-focused treatment preceded by skills building was not deleterious to this population. Hence, the dissemination of effective interventions such as D-CPT should be fostered, whilst the concerns of the therapists regarding exposure-based components need to be addressed during appropriate training. Nevertheless, further studies with momentary assessment, extended measurement methods, a control group and larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our preliminary findings. Trial registration The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trial Registry (GCTR), DRKS00004787, 18 March 2013, https://www.drks.de/DRKS00004787.

757 Associations Between Sleep Complaints, Suicidal Ideation and Depression Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Greece

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A295-A295
Author(s):  
Maria Basta ◽  
Alexandros Vgontzas ◽  
Panagiotis Simos ◽  
Stamatis Karakonstantis ◽  
Katerina Micheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Complaints

Abstract Introduction Suicide risk begins to increase among adolescents and young adults representing the leading cause of death in this age group. The aim of this study was to assess associations between sleep complaints, suicidal ideation and depression in a large, representative sample of adolescents and young adults of the general population in Greece. Methods A structured telephone questionnaire was conducted in a representative sample of 2.741 young Greeks aged 15–24 years, including sociodemographic variables, life-style habits, and substance use. symptoms were assessed using the PhQ-9. Suicidal ideation and sleep complaints, i.e. insomnia/ hypersomnia symptoms, were assessed based on the relevant questions of the PhQ-9 questionnaire. We conducted a direct and indirect effect analysis between the modified PhQ-7 scale, sleep complaints and suicidality controlling for gender, family income, education and substance use. Results In our sample prevalence of suicidal ideation was 7.8%, while 47.9% reported sleep complaints. The mean PhQ-7 score was 6.15±4.11. The direct paths from depression to sleep, as well as from sleep to ideation were both statistically significant with p-values <0.001. Indirect mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of depression on ideation mediated by sleep complaints as indicated by the sobel test (z=3.59, p=0.0003). This is a partial mediation given that the direct effect of depression on ideation controlling for sleep (the mediator) remains significant (p<.001). The percentage of the effect of depression on ideation accounted for by the indirect effect through sleep is estimated at 16.5%. The mediation remains significant (p<.001) after controlling for income, gender, education, and substance use. Conclusion Our study supports that among youth there is direct associations between depression, sleep complaints and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, we found an indirect effect of depression on suicidal ideation mediated by sleep complaints. Our findings highlight the presence of complex interactions between subjective psychiatric symptoms and perceived sleep problems to account for suicidal ideation Therefore, treatment of sleep among youth with depression may significantly independently further reduce suicidal risk. Support (if any) EEA/Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009–2014, under Project Contract n° EEA Grants/ GR07- 3757

Risk of Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults with Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Anna Kostiukow ◽  
Wojciech Strzelecki ◽  
Mateusz W. Romanowski ◽  
Marta Rosołek ◽  
Ewa Mojs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: The study is aimed at drawing the attention of the medical environment to the mental health aspects of young patients as a factor that significantly influences the efficiency of their rheumatic disease treatment. Aim: This paper is to check the risk of depression among a group of adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among a group of 68 late adolescents and young adults (18-22 years old) with rheumatic diseases. The control group consisted of 102 young people (18-22 years old) without a diagnosed chronic disease. Risk of depression was measured using a screening tool – the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS). Results: The analysis showed that the probability of depression in the study group was 35.3%. In the control group, this rate was 19.6%. The results were statistical significance (p=0.028). Conclusions: The results of this study prove that the risk of depression among adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases is significantly higher than in healthy young people. The highest risk of depression is related to feeling tired, fatigue, low energy levels and lack of motivation as well as feeling worried, nervous, panicky, tense, keyed-up and anxious.

Germline EGFR variants are over-represented in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with adrenocortical carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Akhavanfard ◽  
Lamis Yehia ◽  
Roshan Padmanabhan ◽  
Jordan P Reynolds ◽  
Ying Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Germline Variants ◽  
Mutant Cells

Abstract Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine tumor with poor overall prognosis and 1.5-fold overrepresentation in females. In children, ACC is associated with inherited cancer syndromes with 50–80% of childhood-ACC associated with TP53 germline variants. ACC in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is rarely due to germline TP53, IGF2, PRKAR1A and MEN1 variants. We analyzed exome sequencing data from 21 children (<15y), 32 AYA (15-39y), and 60 adults (>39y) with ACC, and retained all pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and highly prioritized variants of uncertain significance. We engineered a stable lentiviral-mutant ACC cell line, harboring an EGFR variant (p.Asp1080Asn) from a 21-year-old female without germline-TP53-variant and with aggressive ACC. We found that 4.8% of the children (P = 0.004) and 6.2% of AYA (P < 0.0001), all-female participants, harbored germline EGFR variants, compared to only 0.3% of the control group. Expanding our analysis to the RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway, we found that the RTK genes have the highest number of highly prioritized germline variants in these individuals amongst all three arms of this pathway. We showed EGFR mutant cells migrate faster and are characterized by a stem-like phenotype compared to wild type cells. While EGFR inhibitors did not affect the stemness of mutant cells, Sunitinib, a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced their stem-like behavior. Our data suggest that EGFR could be a novel underlying germline predisposition factor for ACC, especially in the Childhood-AYA (C-AYA) population. Further clinical validation can improve precision oncology management of this disease, which is known to have limited therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Non-Attendance at Dental Preventive Care in Slovak High School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Martin Samohyl ◽  
Jana Babjakova ◽  
Diana Vondrova ◽  
Jana Jurkovicova ◽  
Juraj Stofko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Older Adolescents

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the avoidance of dental preventive care in high school students and their parents in the framework of The Youth and Parents Risk Factor Behavior Survey in Slovakia, the ongoing cross-sectional school-based survey of students and their parents or legal representatives. The data were collected using two separate standardized questionnaires: (i) the questionnaire for students (n = 515) and (ii) the questionnaire for parents (n = 681). The study group included 57 high school students (54.4% males) who did not visit the dentist for preventive care in the previous year. The control group included 458 students (35.8% males) who visited a dentist for preventive care at least once in the previous year. A significantly higher number of males (54.4%), older adolescents, and young adults (21.8%; 20.0%) were not visiting dental preventive care regularly. Incomplete family (56.1%), stressful situations at home (17.5%), and feeling unwell were the factors contributing to the avoidance of dental preventive care. More than 34.5% of adolescents and young adults were not visiting either dental preventive care or pediatric preventive care (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.40, 10.99). Children of divorced mothers and mothers with household income lower than EUR 900 had significantly higher dental care avoidance in bivariate analysis. A significantly higher percentage of fathers from the exposed group were not visiting dental preventive care regularly (47.8%, p < 0.05). The results of the study can be used as an educational intervention step focusing on the parental influence on adolescent and young adults’ behavior and as a challenge for the improvement of dental preventive care in older adolescents and young adults.

scholarly journals The Australian Youth Cancer Service: Developing and Monitoring the Activity of Nationally Coordinated Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Care

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Pandora Patterson ◽  
Kimberley R. Allison ◽  
Helen Bibby ◽  
Kate Thompson ◽  
Jeremy Lewin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Clinical Trial Participation ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Cancer Services

Adolescents and young adults (aged 15–25 years) diagnosed with cancer have unique medical and psychosocial experiences and care needs, distinct from those of paediatric and older adult patients. Since 2011, the Australian Youth Cancer Services have provided developmentally appropriate, multidisciplinary and comprehensive care to these young patients, facilitated by national service coordination and activity data collection and monitoring. This paper reports on how the Youth Cancer Services have conceptualised and delivered quality youth cancer care in four priority areas: clinical trial participation, oncofertility, psychosocial care and survivorship. National activity data collected by the Youth Cancer Services between 2016–17 and 2019–20 are used to illustrate how service monitoring processes have facilitated improvements in coordination and accountability across multiple indicators of quality youth cancer care, including clinical trial participation, access to fertility information and preservation, psychosocial screening and care and the transition from active treatment to survivorship. Accounts of both service delivery and monitoring and evaluation processes within the Australian Youth Cancer Services provide an exemplar of how coordinated initiatives may be employed to deliver, monitor and improve quality cancer care for adolescents and young adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of fasting among U.S. college students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Stuart B. Murray ◽  
Jason M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury

Abstract Background Fasting is an unhealthy behavior that has been frequently used as part of weight loss attempts. To date, little research has been conducted to determine the prevalence and substance use and mental health correlates of fasting among college students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associations between any (≥ 1 time) and regular (≥ 13 times) occurrences of fasting in the past 4 weeks and substance use and mental health correlates among a large sample of college students from 2016 to 2020. Methods Data from four academic survey years (2016–2020; N = 8255) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study were analyzed. Unadjusted prevalence of any and regular fasting by survey year and gender was estimated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between any and regular fasting and the demographic (age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, highest parental education), substance use (cigarette use, marijuana use, other illicit drug use, alcohol use), and mental health (depression, anxiety, eating disorder symptoms, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury) correlates. Results Any fasting in the past 4 weeks was common among both men (14.77%) and women (18.12%) and significantly increased from 2016 (10.30%) to 2020 (19.81%) only among men. Regular fasting significantly increased among both men and women from 2016 (men: 1.46%; women: 1.79%) to 2020 (men: 3.53%; women: 6.19%). Among men and women, both any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of all mental health symptoms, including a positive depression, anxiety, and eating disorder screen, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury. Among women, but not men, any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of marijuana use and other illicit drug use (e.g., cocaine, ecstasy). Conclusions The results from this study underscore both the high and increasing prevalence of fasting among a national sample of college students, as well as the substance use and mental health symptoms associated with this behavior. Healthcare professionals both on and off campus should consider screening for fasting behaviors among college students and provide appropriate intervention when needed.

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