scholarly journals In-Competition Severe Injury Events in Elite Alpine Ski Racing from 1997 to 2020: The Case of the Austrian Ski Team

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barth ◽  
Hans-Peter Platzer ◽  
Carina Andrea Forstinger ◽  
Gunnar Innerhofer ◽  
Anton Giger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Ski Racers

Abstract Background To increase safety in elite alpine ski racing Injury Surveillance Systems were implemented and preventive measures introduced. However, studies analysing the change in athletes’ injury risk by controlling for their exposure are still scarce. Objectives This study aimed to describe and analyse the risk of in-competition severe injury events (SIEcomp) in elite alpine ski racing. Methods Data recorded in the Austrian Ski Federation’s Injury Surveillance System were used to analyse the SIEcomp incidence. Information on athletes’ competition exposure was obtained from the official website of the International Ski Federation. In 23 seasons, 2333 skier seasons were recorded for the Austrian Ski Team. Within a total of 114,531 runs 169 SIEcomp occurred. Generalised Estimating Equation for Poisson Regressions were applied. Results The SIEcomp incidence per 1000 runs was 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.73] for elite alpine ski racers and 2.21 (95% CI 1.79–2.75) for the subgroup of World Cup racers. A significant sex difference was detected for the subgroup of junior racers with a higher risk for female athletes [risk ratio (RR): 2.97, 95% CI 1.46–6.05]. Between the seasons of 1997 and 2020, the seasonal SIEcomp incidence increased by a factor of 2.67 for elite alpine ski racers and 3.53 for World Cup racers. Downhill (2.75, 95% CI 2.18–3.47) had the highest SIEcomp incidence, followed by super-G (1.94, 95% CI 1.30–2.88), giant slalom (1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.85), and slalom (0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.96). Conclusion Although many preventive measures have been implemented in elite alpine ski racing, the risk of SIEcomp has increased over the last two decades.

Acute on-snow severe injury events in elite alpine ski racing from 1997 to 2019: the Injury Surveillance System of the Austrian Ski Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102752
Author(s):  
Michael Barth ◽  
Hans-Peter Platzer ◽  
Anton Giger ◽  
Werner Nachbauer ◽  
Peter Schröcksnadel
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ski Racers

ObjectivesThe study aimed to (1) determine the incidence and gender-specific risk ratio of acute on-snow severe injury events (SIE) in elite alpine ski racing, (2) examine the development of SIE over 22 seasons, and (3) analyse SIE with respect to the severely injured body parts and structures.MethodsData recorded in the Austrian Ski Federation’s Injury Surveillance System over 22 seasons were analysed. The Austrian Ski Team consists of four groups: Team National (n=477), Team A (n=444), Team B (n=696) and Team C (n=608). Team National and Team A comprised World Cup, Team B European Cup and Team C junior alpine ski racers. Simple and multiple Poisson regressions were calculated.ResultsThe SIE incidence was 15.7 (95% CI 14.2 to 17.5) per 100 skier seasons. ACL injury events accounted for 70.8% of severe knee injury events and 48.6% of SIE. The incidence of severe ACL injury events was 7.6 (95% CI 6.6 to 8.9). Female World Cup alpine ski racers had a 1.65 times (95% CI 1.02 to 2.69) higher risk of severe ACL injury events than their male counterparts.ConclusionThe incidence of acute on-snow SIE in World Cup alpine ski racing was higher than previously reported. Despite various prevention efforts, the average seasonal incidence of SIE in World and European Cup alpine ski racers has grown from approximately 11 in 1997 to 23 in 2019; thus with roughly one more injured athlete every second season.

scholarly journals Potential for establishing an injury surveillance system in India: a review of data sources and reporting systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagnoor Jagnoor ◽  
Manickam Ponnaiah ◽  
Matthew Varghese ◽  
Rebecca Ivers ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity Data

Abstract Background Unintentional injuries account for 10% of deaths worldwide; the majority due to road traffic injuries, falls, drowning, poisoning and burns. Effective surveillance systems provide evidence for informed injury prevention and treatment and improve recovery outcomes. Our objectives were to review existing sources of unintentional injury data, and quality of the data on the burden, distribution, risk factors and trends of unintentional injuries in India and to describe strengths and limitations of health facility-based data for potential use in injury surveillance systems. Methods We searched national and international organisations’ websites to identify unintentional injury-related mortality and morbidity data sources in India. We reviewed and evaluated data collection methods for surveillance attributes recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). We visited health facilities at all levels from public and private sectors, emergency transport centres, insurance offices and police stations in settings reporting significant number of injuries. In these sites, we interviewed key stakeholders using an explorative approach on current data collection processes and challenges to establishing an injury surveillance system based on WHO guidelines. Results Major gaps were highlighted in injury mortality and morbidity data in India, including ill-defined causes of injury deaths and lack of standardisation in classification and coding. Site visits revealed that reporting standards of injuries varied, with issues around clarity of definitions, accountability, time points and lack of reporter/coder training. Major challenges were lack of dedicated staff and training. Conclusions There is an important need to build human resource capacity, integrate data sources, standardise and streamline data collected, ensure accountability and capitalise on digital health information systems including insurance databases.

Absolute and Relative Load and Injury in Elite Junior Australian Football Players Over 1 Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J.H. Lathlean ◽  
Paul B. Gastin ◽  
Stuart V. Newstead ◽  
Caroline F. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Relative Load ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Australian Football

Purpose: To investigate the association between training and match loads and injury in elite junior Australian football players over 1 competitive season. Methods: Elite junior Australian football players (n = 290, age 17.7 [0.3] y, range 16–18 y) were recruited from the under-18 state league competition in Victoria to report load and injury information. One-week load (session rating of perceived exertion multiplied by duration) and all time-loss injuries were reported using an online sport-injury surveillance system. Absolute load measures (weekly sums) enabled the calculation of relative measures such as the acute:chronic workload ratio. Load measures were modeled against injury outcome (yes/no) using a generalized estimating equation approach, with a 1-wk lag for injury. Results: Low (<300 arbitrary units [au]) and high (>4650 au) 1-wk loads were associated with significantly higher risk of injury. Furthermore, low (<100 au) and high (>850 au) session loads were associated with a higher risk of injury. High strain values (>13,000) were associated with up to a 5-fold increase in the odds of injury. There was a relatively flat-line association between the acute:chronic workload ratio and injury. Conclusions: This study is the first investigation of elite junior athletes demonstrating linear and nonlinear relationships between absolute and relative load measures and injury. Coaches should focus player loads on, or at least close to, the point at which injury risk starts to increase again (2214 au for 1-wk load and 458 au for session load) and use evidence-based strategies across the week and month to help reduce the risk of injury.

scholarly journals Comparing Two Sports Injury Surveillance Systems: A Novel Systematic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Ebrahimi Varkiani ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Hossien Alizadeh ◽  
Reza Rajabi ◽  
Hooman Minoonejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: The present study aimed to compare two sports injury surveillance systems per the sports injury recording system of the sports medicine federation. Methods: A sports injury surveillance system was implemented to collect injury data. Athletic trainers recorded athletes’ sports injuries in soccer, volleyball, handball, taekwondo, and wrestling for 6 months in their user account via a smartphone-based application. The sports recording system routinely collected data alongside the sports injury surveillance system. Finally, the collected results were compared with the federation’s sports injury recording system. Results: Overall, 81 sports injuries were reported to the surveillance system. The incidence rate of 1.39 injuries per 1000 registered athletes was calculated in a sports injury surveillance system. This incidence rate was equal to 0.32 injuries per 1000 athletes registered in the sports injury recording system. Contusion and bruising were the most frequent injuries. However, there was no data on injury type in the sports injury recording system. Fingers and knees were the most commonly reported body parts in the sports injury surveillance system; however, knee and thigh were the most commonly recorded parts in the sports injury recording system. There was also a significant difference between the results of the two systems (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Different implementation and reporting methods as well as having injury definition may affect the results. Employing easy access and user-friendly tools may facilitate injury recording.

scholarly journals Incidence of Patients With Knee Strain and Sprain Occurring at Sports or Recreation Venues and Presenting to United States Emergency Departments

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1190-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Gray ◽  
William L. Buford
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Rates

Context Knee injuries account for a substantial percentage of all athletic injuries. The relative rates of knee injury for a variety of sports by sex and age need to be understood so we can better allocate resources, such as athletic trainers, to properly assess and treat injuries and reduce injury risk. Objective To describe the epidemiology of patients with sport-related knee strain and sprain presenting to US emergency departments from 2002 to 2011. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Using the Consumer Products Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and the US Census Bureau, we extracted raw data to estimate national rates of patients with knee strain and sprain presenting to emergency departments. Patients or Other Participants Participants were individuals sustaining a knee strain or sprain at sports or recreation venues and presenting to local emergency departments for treatment. We included 12 popular sports for males and 11 for females. Ages were categorized in six 5-year increments for ages 5 to 34 years and one 10-year increment for ages 35 to 44 years. Main Outcome Measure(s) Incidence rates were calculated using weights provided by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and reported with their 95% confidence intervals for sport, sex, and age. Results Strain and sprain injury rates varied greatly by sport, sex, and age group. The highest injury rates occurred in football and basketball for males and in soccer and basketball for females. The most at-risk population was 15 to 19 years for both sexes. Conclusions Athletes experience different rates of knee strain and sprain according to sport, sex, and age. Increased employment of athletic trainers to care for the highest-risk populations, aged 10 to 19 years, is recommended to reduce emergency department use and implement injury-prevention practices.

scholarly journals Physical preparation and return to performance of an elite female football player following ACL reconstruction: a journey to the FIFA Women’s World Cup

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000843
Author(s):  
Matt Taberner ◽  
Nicol van Dyk ◽  
Tom Allen ◽  
Neil Jain ◽  
Chris Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Physical Preparation

ACL injuries are among the most severe knee injuries in elite sport, with a high injury burden and re-injury risk. Despite extensive literature on the injury and the higher incidence of injury and re-injury in female athletes, there is limited evidence on the return to sport (RTS) of elite female football players following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). RTS is best viewed on a continuum aligning the recovery and rehabilitation process with the ultimate aim — a return to performance (RTPerf). We outline the RTS and RTPerf of an elite female football player following ACLR and her journey to the FIFA Women’s World Cup, including the gym-based physical preparation and the on-pitch/sports-specific reconditioning. We used the ‘control–chaos continuum’ as a framework for RTS, guiding a return above pre-injury training load demands while considering the qualitative nature of movement in competition. We then implemented the ‘RTPerf pathway’ to facilitate a return to team training, competitive match play and a RTPerf. Objective information, clinical reasoning and shared decision-making contributed to this process and helped the player to reach her goal of representing her country at the FIFA Women’s World Cup.

scholarly journals Injury risk is low among world-class volleyball players: 4-year data from the FIVB Injury Surveillance System

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1132-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone Bere ◽  
Jacek Kruczynski ◽  
Nadège Veintimilla ◽  
Yuichiro Hamu ◽  
Roald Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
World Class

Player Wellness (Soreness and Stress) and Injury in Elite Junior Australian Football Players Over 1 Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422-1429
Author(s):  
Timothy J.H. Lathlean ◽  
Paul B. Gastin ◽  
Stuart V. Newstead ◽  
Caroline F. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
System A ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Stress Fatigue

Purpose: To investigate the association between player wellness and injury in elite junior Australian football players over 1 competitive season. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Elite junior Australian football players (N = 196, average age = 17.7 y, range = 16–18 y) were recruited in the under-18 state league competition in Victoria, Australia. They recorded their wellness (sleep, fatigue, soreness, stress, and mood) according to a 5-point Likert scale 3 times weekly, with injuries (missed match/training session) entered into an online sport-injury surveillance system. A logistic generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association (expressed as odds ratio [OR]) between wellness and injury (yes/no). Results: Soreness was associated with injury at each time point across the week, with the strongest association evident for soreness reported 6 d postmatch (OR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.44; P < .001). Stress and injury were associated with injury for average stress values across the week, as well as specifically on day 1 postmatch (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21; P = .038). Mood reported in the middle of the week (3 d postmatch) was associated with injury (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.97; P = .014), as was fatigue (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00–1.22; P = .044). Conclusions: This study demonstrates key associations between wellness and injury in elite junior Australian football, specifically soreness, stress, fatigue, and mood. Monitoring strategies help identify injury-risk profiles, which can help decision makers (coaches or medical staff) intervene when relevant to reduce injury risk.

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