scholarly journals Migration infrastructures and the production of migrants’ irregularity in Japan and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nando Sigona ◽  
Jotaro Kato ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article examines the migration infrastructures and pathways through which migrants move into, through and out of irregular status in Japan and the UK and how these infrastructures uniquely shape their migrant experiences of irregularity at key stages of their migration projects.Our analysis brings together two bodies of migration scholarship, namely critical work on the social and legal production of illegality and the impact of legal violence on the lives of immigrants with precarious legal status, and on the role of migration infrastructures in shaping mobility pathways.Drawing upon in-depth qualitative interviews with irregular and precarious migrants in Japan and the UK collected over a ten-year period, this article develops a three-pronged analysis of the infrastructures of irregularity, focusing on infrastructures of entry, settlement and exit, casting a comparative light on the mechanisms that produce precarious and expendable migrant lives in relation to access to labour and labour conditions, access and quality of housing and law enforcement, and how migrants adapt, cope, resist or eventually are overpowered by them.

37. Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Sentencing represents the apex of the criminal process and is the most public stage of the criminal justice system. Controversial sentences attract widespread media coverage, intense public interest, and much public and political criticism. This chapter explores sentencing in the United Kingdom, and draws some conclusions with relevance to other common law jurisdictions. Sentencing has changed greatly in recent years, notably through the introduction of sentencing guidelines in England and Wales, and more recently, Scotland. However, there are still doubts about the fairness and consistency of sentencing practice, not least in the use of imprisonment. Among the key issues to be examined in this chapter are the tendency towards net-widening, the effects of race and gender, the impact of pleading guilty, the use of indeterminate sentences, the rise of mandatory sentences, and the role of the victim in the sentencing process. The chapter begins by outlining the methods by which cases come before the courts for sentencing. It then summarizes the specific sentences available to courts and examines current sentencing patterns, before turning to a more detailed exploration of sentencing guidelines, and of the key issues identified above. The chapter addresses two critical questions: What is sentencing (namely who exerts the power to punish)? Does sentencing in the UK measure up to appropriate standards of fairness and consistency?

Sustainable Communities: Affordable Housing and Socio-economic Relations

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Maliene ◽  
Joseph Howe ◽  
Naglis Malys
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Existing Housing

Recent UK government objectives are focused on creating sustainable communities to improve quality of life. Housing is a key issue to consider in delivering healthy and attractive communities. In certain areas of housing, lack of supply and consequent problems of affordability have created persistent social and economic pressure. For sustainable communities, housing should be easily available, high-quality, economic, ecological, aesthetically designed and comfortable, thus better suiting the needs of a person. Moreover, the housing must be affordable according to the local and national situation. This article addresses the issue of sustainable communities from the perspectives of housing markets and socio-economics. The study focuses on key factors that are believed to contribute to the currently existing housing situation, assessing the impact of regulated socio-economics upon the sustainable housing and communities. The study also reviews past and current government initiatives and policies relevant to housing and regeneration in the UK. The article finishes with the interview-based study carried out in the Northwest with a reflection on the notion of the sustainable communities plan and its eight key components, the housing market and its dependence on the economic, the social and political environment and it offers recommendations for the further sustainable communities' development within the UK.

The Impact of Technology on Assessing Social Skills

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Storey
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The social skill of persons with disabilities has been found to influence employment, schooling, friendships, community involvement, and overall quality of life. However, the ability of researchers and practitioners to assess social skills has been limited by reliance upon paper and pencil recording procedures. The development of computer technology offers refinement and expansion of the ability to adequately assess social skills. In this paper, the impact of technology on assessing social skills in persons with disabilities is addressed in terms of describing the technology, implications of the technology, and the role of micro versus macro analysis.

scholarly journals Are citizen juries and assemblies on climate change driving democratic climate policymaking? An exploration of two case studies in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wells ◽  
Candice Howarth ◽  
Lina I. Brand-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In light of increasing pressure to deliver climate action targets, and the growing role of citizens in raising the importance of the issue, deliberative democratic processes (e.g. Citizen Juries and Citizen Assemblies) on climate change are increasingly being used to provide a voice to citizens in climate change decision-making. Through a comparative case study of two processes that ran in the UK in 2019 (the Leeds Climate Change Citizens’ Jury and the Oxford Citizens’ Assembly on Climate Change), this paper investigates how far Citizen Assemblies and Juries on climate change are increasing citizen engagement on climate change and creating more citizen-centred climate policy-making. Interviews were conducted with policy-makers, councillors, professional facilitators and others involved in running these processes to assess motivations for conducting these, their structure and the impact and influence they had. The findings suggest the impact of these processes is not uniform: they have an indirect impact on policymaking by creating momentum around climate action and supporting the introduction of pre-planned or pre-existing policies rather than a direct impact by being truly being citizen-centred policymaking processes or conducive to new climate policy. We conclude with reflections on how these processes give elected representatives a public mandate on climate change, that they help to identify more nuanced and in-depth public opinions in a fair and informed way, yet it can be challenging to embed citizen juries and assemblies in wider democratic processes.

scholarly journals The Role of the Diversity of the Board of Directors in Promoting Integrated Disclosure and Social Responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ali Khalaf Gatea ◽  
Haider Ali Jarad Al Masoudi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Impact

The integrated Disclosure aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the performance of the organization, and because the quality of the Disclosure is a critical aspect of the integrated reports, so the research aims to show the impact of the diversity of the board of directors on the quality of the integrated reports and the promotion of the social responsibility of the organization, and to make decisions about disclosure and integration in the information provided in order to benefit from it In building integrated visions about the organization, assuming that the diversity of the board of directors has a significant relationship to the extent to which the quality of integrated Disclosure is achieved, that the most important findings of the research stipulate that the diversity of the board of directors contributes to social responsibility and integrated disclosure, and the strengthening of organizational culture and administrative practices, and the research recommends, The need to interact with the environment and the communities in which the organization operates, to enable it to provide environmental, social or ethical information, along with financial, strategic and governance information in an annual report. Key word: Diversity, Integrated Disclosure, Social Responsibility.

Cultural Creativity and Social Inclusion in Creative Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-283
Author(s):  
Rehab Abdelwahab Askar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Cultural Inclusion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

According to the theoretical framework, this chapter examines the role of cultural capital in achieving social inclusion in creative cities and discussing the impact of creative cultural economy and cultural diversity in achieving knowledge-based urban development requirements. The author relies on showing the tangible and intangible forms of cultural capital represented by the urban and cultural assets possessed by the new administrative capital of Egypt (study model). The author then submits an analysis of the strategic urban cultural policies in an attempt to predict a set of preliminary indicators related to the possible forms of social and cultural inclusion and the anticipation of the social, cultural, and economic impacts of cultural creativity on the quality of life and Human security in creative cities.

Normalization and the Limits of the Law: The Case of the Czech Jazz Section

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-318
Author(s):  
Peter Bugge
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

The Jazz Section was one of the most remarkable cultural institutions in “normalized” Czechoslovakia. Established in 1971 as part of the official Musicians' Union, the Jazz Section used its legal status to arrange jazz and rock concerts and to publish a variety of books without the permission or consent of the Communist authorities. From the late 1970s, the regime strove hard to close the Section; however, it survived until 1984. Only in 1986 did the regime find a way to prosecute its leading activists. This article investigates why persecution proved so troublesome. It focuses on the impact of the Jazz Section's legalistic strategy, and on the role of legal concerns in regime behavior. It argues that references to “law and order” had a central legitimizing function in the social discourse of the Husák regime, and that the resulting need to translate policies of repression into legal measures inhibited the authorities in their assertion of power and created an ambiguous window of opportunity for independent social activism.

CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC WATERFRONT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLD DHAKA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Sharif Shams Imon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic Landscape

Liveability of a city is related to the quality of life (QOL) assessed by the impact of the quality of physical environment on liveability and the role of recreation in psychological wellbeing of individuals. Like in major Asian cities, the historic waterfront and architectural heritage of Dhaka are important components of the fabric. Despite diminution, it continues to affect the social life of Old Dhaka residents. In recent years, protection of the waterfront from illegal encroachment and pollution has become a major concern, amidst a lack of understanding of the river’s role in improving the QOL of the waterfront residents and the role of community involvement. By comparing waterfronts in similar contexts and through literature review and observations, the authors investigate how the conservation of the historic waterfront can contribute to the improvement of quality of life in Old Dhaka, and suggest ways to protect the riverfront with this objective. Seeing waterfronts as products of human intervention into nature, this paper discusses the socio-political forces that shape this, and investigates how conservation of the historic landscape can improve the QOL of the nearby residents. It uses a case study approach based on documentary research, unstructured and nonparticipant observations, and interviews with community leaders, environmental activists and local bodies.

Understanding the Scope of the Institutional Transformation within the Microfinance Sector: Evidence from Sidian Bank in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-478
Author(s):  
Alexis Nyamugira Biringanine
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Microfinance Institution ◽  
Loan Size ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article investigates the impact of the change in the legal status of a microfinance institution on its social and financial performance. It uses a case study with a strong emphasis on both quantitative and qualitative approaches to understand the stakeholders’ perceived value of transformation. The results from the study reveal that transformation significantly improves the profitability and the efficiency of Sidian Bank, and in addition, improves the quality of its portfolio. However, we found that transformation has altered significantly the social objectives of Sidian Bank by decreasing its breadth and depth of social outreach. Insights from the qualitative approach reveal that the average loan size widely used to proxy mission drift is a biased indicator since clients grow over time and always favor bigger loans. The stakeholders’ perceived value of transformation differs in terms of risks, breadth, and financial results.

scholarly journals What Is the Health and Well-Being Burden for Parents Living With a Child With ADHD in the United Kingdom?

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472092589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Peasgood ◽  
Anupam Bhardwaj ◽  
John E. Brazier ◽  
Katie Biggs ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Health And Well Being

Objective: To explore the burden associated with childhood ADHD in a large observational study. Methods: We recruited familes with at least one child (6-18 years) with ADHD via 15 NHS trusts in the UK, and collected data from all family members. We made careful adjustments to ensure a like-for-like comparison with two different control groups, and explored the impact of controlling for a positive parental/carer ADHD screen, employment, and relationship status. Results: We found significant negative impacts of childhood ADHD on parents’/carers’ hours and quality of sleep, satisfaction with leisure time, and health-related quality of life (measured by the EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D]). We found a decrement in life satisfaction, mental well-being (as measured by the Short–Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale [S-WEMWBS]), and satisfaction with intimate relationships, but this was not always robust across the different control groups. We did not find any decrement in satisfaction with health, self-reported health status, or satisfaction with income. Conclusion: The study quantifies the impact on the health and well-being of parents living with a child with ADHD using a survey of families attending ADHD clinics in the United Kingdom.

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