scholarly journals The migration ban policy cycle: a comparative analysis of restrictions on the emigration of women domestic workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Shivakoti ◽  
Sophie Henderson ◽  
Matt Withers
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Policy Narratives ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

AbstractPolicies banning women domestic workers from migrating overseas have long been imposed by labour-sending states in the Indo-Pacific region. This article presents the complexities surrounding such bans by developing an overarching model of a migration ban policy cycle, which provides a theoretical framework for understanding the circumstances under which migration bans arise and play out. It examines the history of migration bans for four prominent labour-sending states – Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines and Sri Lanka - to assess the causes, outcomes and extent of regional convergence of these policies. In doing so, we uncover two prominent policy narratives. The first involves labour diplomacy, where countries employ bans to negotiate superior working conditions and rights for migrant workers. The second concerns paternalist states as ‘protector’, where states are primarily motivated to reaffirm traditional gender norms. We conclude that migration bans have been most effective, both in curbing departures and achieving desired outcomes, when they are primarily motivated by labour issues and not gender politics. Nevertheless, even when used as a form of diplomatic negotiation, migration bans heighten the vulnerability of domestic workers to exploitation by pushing them into irregular pathways fraught with risk.

Courting Migrants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Integrative Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

This book examines state–migrant relations in four countries with a long history of migration, regime change, and democratic fragility: Turkey, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and the Philippines. It uses these cases to develop an integrative theory of the interaction between “diaspora-making” by states and “state-making” by diasporas. Specifically, it tackles three questions: (1) Under what conditions and in what ways do states alter the boundaries of political membership to reach out to migrants and thereby “make” diasporas? (2) How do these migrants respond? (3) To what extent does their response, in turn, transform the state? Through historical case narratives and qualitative comparison, the book traces the feedback loops among migrant profiles, state strategies of diaspora-making, party transnationalization, and channels of migrant engagement in politics back home. The analysis reveals that most migrants follow the pathways established by the state and thereby act as “loyal” diasporas but with important deviations that push states to alter rules and institutions.

scholarly journals The Entrapment of Migrant Workers in Servile Labour: The Case of Live-in Domestic Workers from Ukraine in Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Xypolitas
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Subjective Element ◽  
Emotional Demands

<p>The article presents an effort to analyze the entrapment of migrant domestic workers in their low-status jobs. This will be done by looking at the consequences of live-in domestic work on migrant women from Ukraine working as servants in Athens. The study utilizes a Marxo-Weberian framework that focuses on both working conditions and perceptions of migrant workers. It is argued that the emotional demands of domestic work result in migrants perceiving their tasks as an extension of familial relationships and obligations. These employment relationships are defined as ‘pseudo-familial’ and form the basis of deference in domestic work. Combined with the structural barriers in the labour market, deference represents the subjective element of the entrapment of migrants in their job.</p>

scholarly journals “Bahala Na Ang Dios”: The Church’s Role in the Socialization of Filipinos in the Greater Toronto Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grace T. Betsayda
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

This paper investigates the role that the Roman Catholic church has played in the socialization of Filipinos in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The research is based on scholarly acknowledgment of the important place of social institutions—such as churches, synagogues, mosques, temples and other places for religious and faith-based gatherings—in the settlement and integration experiences of immigrants. The paper argues that Roman Catholicism, first introduced into the Philippines via Spanish colonization, has become an important marker of identity for many Filipinos and has functioned—aided by their facility in the English language (a result of American colonization of the Philippines)—as a means of easing the barriers to Filipinos’ integration into Canada. To better analyze the role the Roman Catholic church has played in Filipino-Canadian immigrant life, the study provides an overview of the history of migration to Canada and discusses the place of the church as seen from the perspective of representatives of diasporic, transnational and second generation communities of Filipinos in Canada. As such, the main data for the study is drawn primary material comprising interviews with Filipino-Canadians from each of these community groups.

scholarly journals “Bahala Na Ang Dios”: The Church’s Role in the Socialization of Filipinos in the Greater Toronto Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grace T. Betsayda
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

This paper investigates the role that the Roman Catholic church has played in the socialization of Filipinos in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The research is based on scholarly acknowledgment of the important place of social institutions—such as churches, synagogues, mosques, temples and other places for religious and faith-based gatherings—in the settlement and integration experiences of immigrants. The paper argues that Roman Catholicism, first introduced into the Philippines via Spanish colonization, has become an important marker of identity for many Filipinos and has functioned—aided by their facility in the English language (a result of American colonization of the Philippines)—as a means of easing the barriers to Filipinos’ integration into Canada. To better analyze the role the Roman Catholic church has played in Filipino-Canadian immigrant life, the study provides an overview of the history of migration to Canada and discusses the place of the church as seen from the perspective of representatives of diasporic, transnational and second generation communities of Filipinos in Canada. As such, the main data for the study is drawn primary material comprising interviews with Filipino-Canadians from each of these community groups.

scholarly journals THE ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF FOREIGN SEASONAL WORKERS: DID THE CORONAVIRUS EMERGENCY WORSEN ALREADY PRECARIOUS WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Kotulovski ◽  
Sandra Laleta
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Seasonal Workers ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
The Eu

Seasonal workers are increasingly important in some Member States as a means to fill the labour market needs. Preferred due to their lower salaries, greater docility and the evasion of administrative and social security obligations, migrant workers are often treated less favourably than domestic workers in terms of employment rights, benefits and access to adequate housing. The agricultural sector of employment is particularly at risk of labour exploitation during harvest seasons and thus associated with atypical or informal forms of employment and precarious working conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic gave visibility to the new risks the seasonal workers are exposed to. In addition, it showed that in some cases such problems can lead to the further spreading of infectious diseases and increase the risk of COVID-19 clusters. The consequences of of the pandemic can be observed in Croatia too. This paper primarily covers the position of third-country nationals who enter and reside in Croatia for the purpose of agricultural seasonal work within the framework of the Seasonal Workers Directive (Directive 2014/36/EU). Significant challenges facing the Croatian labour market have been addressed by means of a comparative approach in order to present the current situation on the EU labour market and suggest potential legal solutions applicable in regard to the national circumstances.

Thinking Policy Through Migrant Domestic Workers’ Itineraries

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Silvey ◽  
Rhacel Parreñas
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Migrant Domestic Workers

This article summarizes key findings from our research on Indonesian and Filipino migrant domestic workers in the United Arab Emirates to reflect on their implications for policy. To illustrate the patterns we have observed, the article traces the migration biographies of two women, one from West Java and one from the Philippines, and it then asks what their experiences reveal about the policy landscape. We find, in concert with a large body of literature on social policy for migrants, that in many cases the policies that currently exist—and the gaps in these policies—are themselves central to producing the problems that migrant domestic workers face. Thus, we focus not on what states or international organizations can do in terms of policy improvements per se, but more generally on how the policy context is part and parcel of the broader social world that affects migrant workers’ welfare over the course of their migration biographies.

El Grito and the Tea Party

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Olson ◽  
Guillermo Nericcio García
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Activists ◽  
History Of Migration

This article uses California’s long history of migration to question efforts by local Tea Party activists to push for an anti-immigration law modeled after Arizona’s notorious S.B. 1070. Focusing on Mary Hunter Austin’s description of a multilingual, transborder celebration of el Grito de la Independencia (Mexican Independence Day) in the Owens Valley in 1903, the article argues that the Tea Party’s anti-immigrant ideology relies on a flattening of history to cast migrant workers as outsiders and naturalize Anglo dominance of the region.

Serial Labor Migration: Precarity and Itinerancy among Filipino and Indonesian Domestic Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1230-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhacel Salazar Parreñas ◽  
Rachel Silvey ◽  
Maria Cecilia Hwang ◽  
Carolyn Areum Choi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Temporary Labor ◽  
Skilled Migrant ◽  
Migrant Domestic Workers

This article examines the mobility patterns of migrant domestic workers in the United Arab Emirates. It identifies and explains the emergence of serial labor migration, which we define as the multi-country, itinerant labor migration patterns of temporary low-skilled migrant workers. It argues that policy contexts shaping temporary labor migration, as they impose precarious and prohibitive conditions of settlement in both countries of origin and destination, produce the itinerancy of low-skilled migrant workers. We offer a holistic analysis of the migration process of temporary labor migrants, shifting away from a singular focus on the process of emigration, integration, or return and toward an examination of each stage as a co-constitutive step in the migration cycle. Our analytic approach enables us to illustrate the state of precarity and itinerancy that follows low-wage migrant workers across the various stages of the migration cycle and produces serial migration patterns among migrant domestic workers from the Philippines and Indonesia.

scholarly journals Hard-working Heroes or Curious Students? - Au pair Positioning, Organizing, and Negotiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnete Meldgaard Hansen ◽  
Maria Hjortsø Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Au Pairs ◽  
Policy Fields

The precarious position and poor working conditions of au pairs in the Nordic and other western labor markets are well documented. Furthermore, research on au pairs and migrant domestic workers emphasizes many obstacles to their organizing (e.g., in trade unions) and negotiation to improve their working conditions. Using an ethnographic study of Filipino au pairs in Denmark as an illustrative case, we supplement this previous research by presenting an analytical approach inspired by governmentality studies.This approach highlights the complex transnational interplay of migration policies and practices affecting Filipino au pairs’ positioning in the Danish labor market and contributes to exploring how this positioning relates to their prospects for negotiating and organizing.We suggest that with a close examination of the often contradictory and multifaceted positioning of migrant workers in transnational policy fields, not only obstacles but also possibilities for negotiation and organizing to improve working conditions will become visible

scholarly journals SOCIAL WELFARE SCHEMES FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 1015-1016
Author(s):  
Shreya Malik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Benefits

Domestic Workers in India face the plight of low wages, insecure employment, exploitation and hostile working conditions. Most of them, being migrant workers, become ineligible to avail benefits of state-specific schemes governed by the labour department. Even otherwise, the social security benefits for domestic workers in India are minimal, both in the public as well as private sector. It becomes necessary to identify the loopholes in existing governance mechanism to direct domestic work towards formalization, similar to the work in construction or transportation sector. Also,standards for minimum wage rate and adequate working conditions must be set for domestic workers to protect them from being at the mercy of the employer.

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