scholarly journals Efficacy of a bystander intervention for preventing dating violence in Brazilian adolescents: short-term evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Brito dos Santos ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta ◽  
Luis Gustavo do Amaral Vinha ◽  
Juliana Silva de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Culture

Abstract Peers are the preferred source of help for Brazilian adolescents who experience dating violence. However, they are not always the best informants for effective responses for dealing with situations of violence in romantic relationships among peers. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of three aspects of a peer- and bystander approach-based intervention: the intent to offer help, empathy, and bystander attitudes in response to dating violence in a Brazilian sample of adolescents. The study’s participants were 33 adolescents randomized in two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 14) and control group (CG, n = 19). The EG underwent three weekly intervention sessions of 90 min each on the healthy versus violent romantic relationships, the quality of friendship in the peer network, and the role of the bystander, while the CG received no intervention. Evaluations were performed 1 week before and two and half months after the intervention. Statistically significant differences between EG and CG at post-test were not found in intention to help, empathy, and bystander attitudes. Future studies should include evaluations of larger samples and mid- and long-term follow-ups to identify patterns of change over the long term as well as examine barriers to utilization of bystander behaviors by adolescents in Brazilian culture.

A Short-Term Evaluation of Project Dare (Drug Abuse Resistance Education): Preliminary Indications of Effectiveness

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
William DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Drug Abuse Resistance Education ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

This short-term evaluation was designed to assess the impact of Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), a joint project of the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles Unified School District, on the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behavior of seventh-grade children who received the full-semester DARE curriculum during sixth grade. Compared to a control group, students who had DARE training reported significantly lower use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other drugs since graduating from sixth grade. These findings were especially strong for boys. In response to questions for which students were to imagine friends pressuring them to use alcohol or drugs, DARE students refused the imagined offers more frequently and more often used refusal strategies that removed them from the immediate temptation.

scholarly journals Non-invasive monitoring of pH and oxygen using miniaturized electrochemical sensors in an animal model of acute hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pla ◽  
Sergio Berdún ◽  
Mònica Mir ◽  
Lourders Rivas ◽  
Sandrine Miserere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation

Abstract Background One of the most prevalent causes of fetal hypoxia leading to stillbirth is placental insufficiency. Hemodynamic changes evaluated with Doppler ultrasound have been used as a surrogate marker of fetal hypoxia. However, Doppler evaluation cannot be performed continuously. As a first step, the present work aimed to evaluate the performance of miniaturized electrochemical sensors in the continuous monitoring of oxygen and pH changes in a model of acute hypoxia-acidosis. Methods pH and oxygen electrochemical sensors were evaluated in a ventilatory hypoxia rabbit model. The ventilator hypoxia protocol included 3 differential phases: basal (100% FiO2), the hypoxia-acidosis period (10% FiO2) and recovery (100% FiO2). Sensors were tested in blood tissue (ex vivo sensing) and in muscular tissue (in vivo sensing). pH electrochemical and oxygen sensors were evaluated on the day of insertion (short-term evaluation) and pH electrochemical sensors were also tested after 5 days of insertion (long-term evaluation). pH and oxygen sensing were registered throughout the ventilatory hypoxia protocol (basal, hypoxia-acidosis, and recovery) and were compared with blood gas metabolites results from carotid artery catheterization (obtained with the EPOC blood analyzer). Finally, histological assessment was performed on the sensor insertion site. One-way ANOVA was used for the analysis of the evolution of acid-based metabolites and electrochemical sensor signaling results; a t-test was used for pre- and post-calibration analyses; and chi-square analyses for categorical variables. Results At the short-term evaluation, both the pH and oxygen electrochemical sensors distinguished the basal and hypoxia-acidosis periods in both the in vivo and ex vivo sensing. However, only the ex vivo sensing detected the recovery period. In the long-term evaluation, the pH electrochemical sensor signal seemed to lose sensibility. Finally, histological assessment revealed no signs of alteration on the day of evaluation (short-term), whereas in the long-term evaluation a sub-acute inflammatory reaction adjacent to the implantation site was detected. Conclusions Miniaturized electrochemical sensors represent a new generation of tools for the continuous monitoring of hypoxia-acidosis, which is especially indicated in high-risk pregnancies. Further studies including more tissue-compatible material would be required in order to improve long-term electrochemical sensing.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Monitoring of pH and Oxygen Using Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensors in an Animal Model of Acute Hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pla Codina ◽  
Sergio Berdún ◽  
Mònica Mir ◽  
Lourders Rivas ◽  
Sandrine Miserere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation

Abstract BackgroundOne of the most prevalent causes of fetal hypoxia leading to stillbirth is placental insufficiency. Hemodynamic changes evaluated with Doppler ultrasound have been used as a surrogate marker of fetal hypoxia. However, Doppler evaluation cannot be performed continuously. As a first step, the present work aimed to evaluate the performance of miniaturized electrochemical sensors in continuous monitoring of oxygen and pH changes in a model of acute hypoxia-acidosis. MethodspH and oxygen electrochemical sensors were evaluated in a ventilatory hypoxia rabbit model. The ventilator hypoxia protocol included three differential phases: basal (100% FiO2), hypoxia-acidosis period (10% FiO2) and recovery (100% FiO2). Sensors were tested in blood tissue (ex vivo sensing) and in the muscular tissue (in vivo sensing). pH electrochemical and oxygen sensors were evaluated at the same day of insertion (short-term evaluation) and pH electrochemical sensors were also tested after 5 days of insertion (long-term evaluation). pH and oxygen sensing were registered during all the ventilatory hypoxia protocol (basal, hypoxia-acidosis and recovery) and were compared with blood gas metabolites results from carotid artery catheterization (EPOC® blood analyzer). Finally, histological assessment was performed on the site of the sensor’s insertion. One-way ANOVA was used for the analysis of the evolution of acid-based metabolites and electrochemical sensor signaling results; T-test was used for pre and post calibration analyses; and chi-square analyses for categorical variables. ResultsAt the short-term evaluation, both pH and oxygen electrochemical sensors distinguished the basal and hypoxia-acidosis periods in the in vivo and ex vivo sensing. However, only the ex vivo sensing detected recovery period. At the long-term evaluation, pH electromechanical sensor signal seemed to lose sensibility. Finally, histological assessment revealed no signs of alteration at the same day of evaluation (short-term), whereas at the long-term evaluation sub-acute inflammatory reaction adjacent to the site of the implantation was detected. ConclusionsThe use of miniaturized electrochemical sensors open a new generation of tools for continuous monitoring of hypoxia-acidosis, especially indicated in high risk pregnancies. Further studies including more tissue-compatible material would be required in order to improve the long-term electromechanical sensing.

scholarly journals Gender Issues and Women’s Agency in Involuntary Resettlement: The Tokuyama Dam in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Shuichi Yamazawa ◽  
Kanae Moriya
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Term Evaluation

This research evaluates the Tokuyama dam resettlement in Japan through the short-term from a gender perspective using the IRR and PAR models. Moreover, this research also evaluates the resettlement and clarifies the changes in women’s jobs in the long-term. As for short-term evaluation, the risks that women faced during the negotiation period and after resettlement are categorized into three issues: landlessness, joblessness, and loss of access to common property assets. Women have tried to solve these issues with agency, although they are usually recognized as passive victims in the context of forced displacement. In addition, the attitudes of “dam brides”—those who married men originally from Tokuyama in the period immediately prior to the dam construction and subsequent resettlement—were different from women originally from Tokuyama village. As for the long-term evaluation, changes of women’s productive activities are mainly categorized into three patterns: part-time jobs, sewing jobs as side work, and farming.

Effects of Short-Term Mission Trips on Recipients’ Self-Esteem and Readiness for Self-Directed Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712110115
Author(s):  
Charissa H. W. Wong ◽  
Li Neng Lee ◽  
Alberto Pérez Pereiro
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Group Post ◽  
Mission Trips

Short-term Christian overseas volunteer trips, also known as short-term mission trips (STMs), have become increasingly prevalent (Howell & Dorr, 2007). However, research on these programs has been limited. This quasi-experimental study adds to the literature by quantitatively measuring the effects of an STM from Singapore to Thailand. STM recipients’ ( n = 44) self-esteem and readiness for self-directed learning (RSDL) were compared across timepoints – pre-test, post-test, follow-up – and with a control group ( n = 50). It was hypothesized that recipients would experience an increase in self-esteem and RSDL such that their scores would be higher than the control group post-STM. Results provide partial support for the hypotheses; while improvements among recipients were either not significant (for self-esteem) or not long-lasting (for RSDL), recipients had higher scores than the control group post-STM. This suggests that STMs have some, albeit limited, positive effects. Recommendations for promoting greater and longer-lasting effects are offered.

scholarly journals Short-term Evaluation of Synovectomy in Haemophilia

BMJ ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (5810) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pietrogrande ◽  
N. Dioguardi ◽  
P. M. Mannucci
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation

Short-term evaluation of the pulpo-dentin complex response to a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and a bonding agent applied in deep cavities

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa ◽  
Elisa Maria Aparecida Giro ◽  
Alexandre Batista Lopes do Nascimento ◽  
Hilcia Mezzalira Teixeira ◽  
Josimeri Hebling
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Bonding Agent ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Complex Response ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Deep Cavities ◽  
Ionomer Cement
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