scholarly journals Trophic position and diet shift based on the body size of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yun Choi ◽  
Seong-Ki Kim ◽  
Jeong-Cheol Kim ◽  
Jung-Do Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Fish body size is a major determinant of freshwater trophic interactions, yet only a few studies have explored the relationship between the fish body size and trophic interactions in river upstream. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body size and trophic position (TP) of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in an upstream of the Geum River. Results A stable isotope analysis (based on δ15N) was used to determine the TP based on the body size of C. kawamebari. The regression analysis (n = 33, f = 63.840, r2 = 0.68) clearly showed the relationship between the body length and TP of C. kawamebari. The TP of C. kawamebari was clearly divided by body size into the following classes: individuals of size < 10 cm that feed on insects and individuals of size > 10 cm feed on juvenile fish. This selective feeding is an evolutionarily selective tendency to maximize energy intake per unit time. Furthermore, the diet shift of C. kawamebari was led by different spatial distributions. The littoral zone was occupied by individuals of size < 10 cm, and those of size > 10 cm were mainly in the central zone. The littoral zone can be assumed to be enriched with food items such as ephemeropterans and dipterans. Conclusion The TP of C. kawamebari, as a carnivorous predator, will have a strong influence on biotic interactions in the upstream area of the Geum River, which can lead to food web implication.

scholarly journals Body size–trophic position relationships among fishes of the lower Mekong basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chouly Ou ◽  
Carmen G. Montaña ◽  
Kirk O. Winemiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Mekong Basin ◽  
Lower Mekong Basin

Body size is frequently claimed to be a major determinant of animal trophic interactions, yet few studies have explored relationships between body size and trophic interactions in rivers, especially within the tropics. We examined relationships between body size and trophic position (TP) within fish assemblages in four lowland rivers of the Lower Mekong Basin in Cambodia. Stable isotope analysis (based on δ 15 N) was used to estimate TP of common fish species in each river, and species were classified according to occupation of benthic versus pelagic habitats and major feeding guilds. Regression analysis yielded strong correlations between body size and TP among fishes from the Sesan and Sreprok rivers, but not those from the Mekong and Sekong rivers. The Mekong fish assemblage had higher average TP compared with those of other rivers. The relationship between body size and TP was positive and significantly correlated for piscivores and omnivores, but not for detritivores and insectivores. The body size–TP relationship did not differ between pelagic and benthic fishes. Body size significantly predicted TP within the orders Siluriformes and Perciformes, but not for Cypriniformes, the most species-rich and ecologically diverse order in the Lower Mekong River. We conclude that for species-rich, tropical fish assemblages with many detritivores and invertivores, body size would not be an appropriate surrogate for TP in food web models and other ecological applications.

scholarly journals Emergence ecology of the critically endangered Urothemis edwardsii in a new colonized site in El Kala National Park (Algeria): conservation implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Baaloudj Affef
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Dragonfly Species

Urothemis edwardsii is one of the most threatened dragonfly species in the Mediterranean. Recent investigations and conservation efforts have increased the local geographic distribution of the species in Northeast Algeria, where a new population (named El Graeate) has been discovered. In the absence of information about the biology and behavior of U. edwardsii in this new site, a study was conducted on the emergence ecology of the species taking into account the temporal pattern of emergence, sex ratio, body size and microhabitat selection. Emergence, which was quite asynchronous, lasted for 50 days, with 50% of the population emerging within the first half of the period. Sex ratio at emergence was slightly female biased despite the absence of sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that size is not the only driving force behind mortality bias during the larval stage. There was a slight seasonal increase in the body size of exuviae (exoskeletons) in both sexes. Microhabitat selection, assessed as the vertical stratification of exuviae at ecdysis, was positively correlated with the height of supporting plants, but the relationship reached a plateau suggesting that there are predetermined limits to the vertical distribution of exuviae. These data will be essential for the future species protection, restoration and management attempts in the region.

scholarly journals Body size is negatively correlated with trophic position among cyprinids

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 150652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Burress ◽  
Jordan M. Holcomb ◽  
Karine Orlandi Bonato ◽  
Jonathan W. Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Multiple Levels

Body size has many ecological and evolutionary implications that extend across multiple levels of organization. Body size is often positively correlated with species traits such as metabolism, prey size and trophic position (TP) due to physiological and mechanical constraints. We used stable isotope analysis to quantify TP among minnows across multiple assemblages that differed in their species composition, diversity and food web structure. Body size significantly predicted TP across different lineages and assemblages, and indicated a significant negative relationship. The observed negative relationship between body size and TP is contrary to conventional knowledge, and is likely to have arisen owing to highly clade-specific patterns, such that clades consist of either large benthic species or small pelagic species. Cyprinids probably subvert the physiological and mechanical constraints that generally produce a positive relationship between body size and TP using anatomical modifications and by consuming small-bodied prey, respectively. The need for herbivorous cyprinids to digest cellulose-rich foods probably selected for larger bodies to accommodate longer intestinal tracts and thereby to facilitate digestion of nutrient-poor resources, such as algae. Therefore, body size and TP are likely to have coevolved in cyprinids in association with specialization along the benthic to pelagic resource axis.

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

scholarly journals Two new nematode species of the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda, Triplonchida) from Lake Baikal, Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Naumova ◽  
Vladimir G. Gagarin
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
Lubomirskia Baicalensis

Two new nematode species of the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959 from Lake Baikal are described and illustrated. The first species Tobrilus elginus sp. nov. was found in the littoral zone of Maloye More Bays. The second species Tobrilus juliae sp. nov. dwells on bodies of dead sponges Lubomirskia baicalensis (Pallas, 1776). Tobrilus elginus sp. nov. is most similar to T. amabilis Tsalolikhin, 1974 and T. bekmanae Tsalolikhin, 1975. In contrast to the first species it has a shorter body and spicules, longer gubernaculum and a shorter supplements row. Its body is shorter and thinner, tail and supplement row are shorter and the vulva is more posterior as compared to the second species. The body size of Tobrilus juliae sp. nov. is most similar to T. securus Gagarin & Naumova, 2011 and T. saprophagus Naumova & Gagarin, 2017. From the first of these species it differs by the thinner body, shorter tail, comparatively shorter outer labial setae and shorter spicules. It differs from the second species by a thinner body, shorter male tail and shorter labial setae.

scholarly journals Bulimic symptoms in a sample of college women: disentangling the roles of body size, body shame and negative urgency

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364
Author(s):  
Simon E. Dalley ◽  
Glenda G. Bron ◽  
Iona F. A. Hagl ◽  
Frederic Heseding ◽  
Sabine Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
College Women ◽  
Body Shame ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose This study set out to disentangle the roles of body size, body shame and negative urgency on bulimic symptomatology in a sample of college women. We predicted that body shame would mediate the relationship between body size and bulimic symptomatology: with increasing body size, the greater would be the experience of body shame and, in turn, the greater the bulimic symptomatology. We also predicted that negative urgency would exacerbate this mediation pathway, and that the moderated mediation model would occur over and above current levels of depression. Method A convenience sample of 237 college women indicated their age, height and weight and then completed measures of body shame, negative urgency, depression and bulimic symptomatology. Bootstrap analysis was used to test the predicted moderation mediation model. Results The bootstrap analysis supported all predictions. Thus, with greater the increase in body size, the greater was the body shame and the more frequent bulimic symptomatology. Furthermore, negative urgency moderated the relationship between body shame and bulimic symptomatology, such that those with both higher negative urgency and body shame had more frequent bulimic symptomatology. Conclusions Results suggest that those college women higher in both BMI and negative urgency are likely to experience higher levels of bulimic symptoms. These women may benefit from emotion regulation interventions targeted at preventing, as well as coping effectively with, the experience of body shame. Level of evidence V: cross-sectional descriptive study.

scholarly journals Exceptional body sizes but typical trophic structure in a Pleistocene food web

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 20160228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel M. Segura ◽  
Richard A. Fariña ◽  
Matías Arim
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Energetic Constraints ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we focused on the exceptionally large mammals inhabiting the Americas during the Quaternary period and the paramount role of body size in species ecology. We evaluated two main features of Pleistocene food webs: the relationship between body size and (i) trophic position and (ii) vulnerability to predation. Despite the large range of species sizes, we found a hump-shaped relationship between trophic position and body size. We also found a negative trend in species vulnerability similar to that observed in modern faunas. The largest species lived near the boundary of energetic constraints, such that any shift in resource availability could drive these species to extinction. Our results reinforce several features of megafauna ecology: (i) the negative relationship between trophic position and body size implies that large-sized species were particularly vulnerable to changes in energetic support; (ii) living close to energetic imbalance could favour the incorporation of additional energy sources, for example, a transition from a herbivorous to a scavenging diet in the largest species (e.g. Megatherium ) and (iii) the interactions and structure of Quaternary megafauna communities were shaped by similar forces to those shaping modern fauna communities.

scholarly journals Relationship between ontogenetic changes in foraging ecology and muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity in wild smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Laberge ◽  
Nicholas Edmunds ◽  
Irene Yin-Liao ◽  
Kevin S. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Ldh Activity

The activity of muscle glycolytic enzymes scales positively with body size in active fish, a phenomenon thought to counter the increased costs of burst swimming faced by larger individuals. Recent work argued that changes in these enzymes during ontogeny additionally reflect changes in foraging ecology. Here, we evaluated the relationship between muscle anaerobic metabolism and foraging ecology in a population of wild smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) by relating activity of muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to estimates of trophic position and habitat use obtained from stable isotope signatures. As expected, LDH activity increased with body size. However, further analysis showed associations between foraging ecology and LDH activity. Specifically, a shift to higher trophic position, indicating a change in diet, was paralleled by a shift to increased LDH activity. However, a steady mass-specific decrease in LDH activity was observed as the fish grew above the size associated with this diet shift. Further, lower LDH activity was associated with increasing use of littoral carbon sources. These findings contribute to our understanding of how plasticity in muscle anaerobic potential is associated with fish foraging ecology.

scholarly journals Visual attention mediates the relationship between body satisfaction and susceptibility to the body size adaptation effect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0189855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Stephen ◽  
Daniel Sturman ◽  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Jonathan Mond ◽  
Kevin R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Relationship

AN ECOLOGIC STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEAN BIRTH WEIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND CALORIE CONSUMPTION LEVEL IN JAPAN

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHINYA MATSUDA ◽  
MIZUHO FURUTA ◽  
HIROAKI KAHYO
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Calorie Intake

This study reports an ecologic analysis of the relationship between mean birth weight (MBW) and nutritional, medical and social variables, using 1982 data for 47 prefectures in Japan.Correlation analysis showed that variables that correlated significantly with MBW were mean temperature (r=0·63), total calorie intake (r=0·56), and body mass index of women (r=0·60). It is concluded that the MBW level in a given community represents the long and short term nutritional condition of mothers, and that the level may follow Bergman’s law: ‘In the same species, the body size of an animal increases along with latitude; that is, the lower the temperature, the larger the body size’.

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