scholarly journals Fusarium wilt biocontrol and tomato growth stimulation, using endophytic bacteria naturally associated with Solanum sodomaeum and S. bonariense plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Tomato Growth

Abstract Background Fusarium wilt biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms may represent a potentially attractive and environmentally safe alternative since endophytes could better limit disease incidence and severity through inhibition of the systemic fungus progress. Main body of the abstract Twenty-three endophytic bacterial isolates, naturally associated with Solanum sodomaeum and Solanum bonariense, were evaluated for their ability to control Fusarium wilt of tomato induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and to promote plant growth. Selected endophytic isolates were screened in vivo, using the root dipping and the culture substrate drenching methods. The most bioactive isolates were subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization and subsequent identification through 16S rDNA sequencing genes. Seven isolates (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia S23, S24, S26 and S28; Bacillus sp. SV81; Azotobacter chroococcum S11; and Serratia marcescens S14) were found to be the most efficient in reducing disease severity by 82–96% over control. Treatments with these isolates led to a significant enhancement in growth parameters, estimated at 45.5–61 and 24.2–70.5% than the control, in tomato plants infected or not with FOL, respectively. Diffusible and volatile metabolites released from bacterial cultures had significantly limited FOL radial growth. All isolates were positive for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. S. marcescens S14, S. maltophilia S28, and Bacillus sp. SV81 exhibited a positive phosphate solubilization activity. Production of chitinase, protease, pectinase, and hydrogen cyanide were also investigated. Short conclusion This study clearly demonstrated that endophytic bacteria recovered from these 2 Solanum species can be explored as promising biocontrol agents active against FOL and are able to enhance tomato growth.

Induction and resistance against Fusarium wilt disease of tomato by using sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L) extract

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ageeb Akladious ◽  
George Saad Isaac ◽  
Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease ◽  
Healthy Control

Akladious, S. A., Isaac, G. S. and Abu-Tahon, M. A. 2015. Induction and resistance against Fusarium wilt disease of tomato by using sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L) extract. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 689–701. The antifungal activity of Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 the causal agent of tomato wilt and its ability in inducing disease resistance were studied in vivo using seed-soaking treatment before sowing. Plants were harvested at 45 and 105 d (vegetative and flowering stages) after sowing. Treatment with O. basilicum extract decreased the disease incidence from 94.70 to 18.00%. Results revealed that growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were markedly inhibited in tomato plants in response to Fusarium wilt disease, whereas the contents of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants were increased as compared with healthy control plants. Moreover, presoaking in basil extract enhanced all the mentioned parameters in both healthy and infected plants. SDS-PAGE analysis of tomato leaves revealed that seed treated with basil extract resulted in an induction of novel protein bands during the vegetative stage. These new proteins were not detected in untreated healthy or infected control plants. Electrophoretic studies of polyphenol oxidase, esterase and malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes showed wide variations in their intensities and densities among all treatments. It seems that O. basilicum extract was able to enhance the biological control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biochars and Endophytic Bacteria on Growth and Root Rot Disease Incidence of Fusarium Infested Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽  
Burak Alaylar ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Marina E. H. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Rot Disease

The effects of biochar on plant growth vary depending on the applied biochar type, study site environmental conditions, microbial species, and plant–microbial interactions. The objectives of the present study were therefore to assess 1) the response of growth parameters of lupin and root disease incidence to the application of three biochar types in a loamy sandy soil, and 2) the role of endophytic bacteria in biological control of root rot disease incidence in lupin after the amendment of soil with different biochar types. As biochar types we tested (i) hydrochar (HTC) from maize silage, (ii) pyrolysis char from maize (MBC), and (iii) pyrolysis char from wood (WBC) at three different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3% of char as soil amendments). There were no significant effects in lupin shoot and root growth in soils amended with WBC at any of the concentrations. MBC did not affect plant growth except for root dry weight at 2% MBC. HTC char at 2% concentration, significantly increased the root dry weight of lupin by 54–75%, and shoot dry weight by 21–25%. Lupin plants grown in soil amended with 2% and 3% WBC and MBC chars showed 40–50% and 10–20% disease symptoms, respectively. Plants grown in soil without biochar and with HTC char were healthy, and no disease incidence occurred. Pseudomonas putida L2 and Stenotrophomonas pavanii L8 isolates demonstrated a disease reduction compared to un-inoculated plants under MBC and WBC amended soil that was infested with Fusarium solani.

scholarly journals Bioprospecting Beneficial Endophytic Bacterial Communities Associated With Rosmarinus Officinalis for Alleviating Plant Productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Sharma ◽  
Gaurav Sood ◽  
Anjali Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
The North ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
North Western

Abstract The present study was aimed to isolate and identify root endophytic bacteria with multifunctional plant growth promoting (PGP) traits from medicinal plant Rosemarinus officinalis grown in the North-Western Himalayas. A total of 42 strains were isolated, exhibiting variable degrees of PGP traits, including P-solubilization (10-375 µg/ml), IAA (6-66 µg/ml), siderophore (32.37-301.48 %SU) production and antifungal activity in terms of percent growth inhibition (%GI) against Fusarium oxysporum (44.44-77.77 %GI), Fusarium graminiarum (48.88-71.42 %GI) and Rhizoctonia solani (44.44-77.7 %GI). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed lineage of these strains to 15 genera viz., Aneurinibacillus, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Cedecea, Ensifer, Enterobacter, Kosakonia, Lactobacillus, Lysobacter, Oxynema, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Paenibacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas and Serratia. The effect of 11 potential strains was selected for in vivo growth studies of R. officinalis. The results showed that the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis KU21, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SI12, and Cedecea lapagei KU14 significantly increased the physical growth parameters of plant over uninoculated control viz., number of lateral of branches (43.95-46.39 %), stem height (29.04-38.57 %), root length (32.31-37.14 %), shoot (34.76-40.91 %) and root biomass (62.89-70.70 %). Physiological characteristics such as total chlorophyll (30.41-30.96 %), phenol (14.43-24.55 %) and carotenoids (34.26-39.87 %) content, also showed a relative increase as compared to uninoculated control; furthermore, the macronutrients (NPK) contents of the plant as well as soil also showed an increase. The developed module may be recommended for sustainable production of R. officinalis in the North-Western Himalayan region without hampering the soil health and fertility.

Plant growth promoting potential of multifarious endophytic Pseudomonas lini strain isolated from Cicer arietinum L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rajat Maheshwari ◽  
Namita Bhutani ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Pooja Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), one of the major pulse crops in India, endured extreme reduction in production due to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic bacteria residing in the nodules and roots of chickpea plants enable host in combating these stresses. Twenty one endophytic bacteria isolated from nodules and roots of chickpea were screened for multiple plant growth promoting traits like ammonia, organic acid, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Out of these, 86% isolates produced ammonia, around 50% isolates produced organic acid, HCN and siderophore, 29% isolates produced ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase, while only 14% isolates solubilized phosphate. Interestingly, all the isolates were able to produce IAA ranging from 11.6–85.2 μg/ml, isolate CPJN 13 being the maximum IAA producer (85.5±2.33 μg/ml). Isolate CPJN13 was selected for IAA optimization studies. The yield of IAA increased up to 4 fold i.e. 331±4.96 μg/ml at optimized conditions. IAA production was also confirmed by TLC and HPLC analysis of crude IAA extract. The application of CPJN13 on chickpea seedlings resulted in significant increase in plant growth parameters. The 16S rDNA sequencing of CPJN13 revealed its similarity with Pseudomonas lini strain and submitted to NCBI with accession number MF574502. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of P. lini as endophyte in chickpea nodules. The results of this study imply that the endophytic P. lini has a potential role to enhance the plant growth.

Inhibitory effects of UV mutants of Streptomyces corchorusii and Streptomyces spiroverticillatus on bean and banana wilt pathogens

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. El-Abyad ◽  
Mostafa A. El-Sayed ◽  
Abdel-Reheem El-Shanshoury ◽  
Nadia H. El-Batanouny
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Banana Wilt

The purpose of this investigation was to produce improved mutants of Streptomyces corchorusii and Streptomyces spiroverticillatus, using a UV-irradiation regime, which are effective against the causal pathogens of the Fusarium wilt of French bean and the bacterial wilt of banana, respectively. Seven out of the 11 mutants obtained from S. corchorusii were active antagonists against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli; mutant 155 was the most effective. All five mutants obtained from S. spiroverticillatus showed inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas solanacearum; mutant 281 was the most potent. Spore germination, germ-tube elongation, growth, and sporulation of F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli were significantly inhibited in the different concentrations of filtrates of either wild or mutant 155 of S. corchorusii in vitro with the mutant being more effective; maximum inhibition was at 80% concentration. The filtrate of either wild or mutant 281 of S. spiroverticillatus sharply decreased the number of colonies of P. solanacearum as its concentration increased up to 80%, at which no growth was obtained. The in vivo utilization of S. corchorusii in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of French bean revealed that soaking seeds in filtrate of the antagonistic strain prior to sowing was the most effective treatment and that mutant 155 reduced disease incidence by 83.4% (43.3% for the wild type) compared with the untreated control, in addition to improving plant growth. Key words: antagonism, UV irradiation, mutation, Streptomyces spp., Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, French bean, banana.

scholarly journals Native isolates of Trichoderma as bio-suppressants against sheath blight and stem rot pathogens of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan Chinnaswami ◽  
Divya Mishra ◽  
Anila Miriyala ◽  
Prakasam Vellaichamy ◽  
Basavaraj Kurubar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract Background Species belonging to the genus Trichoderma are considered as one of the most potential biocontrol agents which can be readily collected from soil and found effective against various fungal and bacterial diseases. In rice-growing areas, the major fungal pathogens affecting rice production include Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight and Sclerotium oryzae causing stem rot disease of rice. Due to the lack of resistant varieties and detrimental effects of chemicals, biocontrol gives a good opportunity to manage the diseases efficiently in a sustainable manner. Main body Trichoderma spp. from native rice rhizosphere soil were examined for their antagonistic efficiency to supress the two soil-borne rice pathogens, viz., R. solani and S. oryzae. Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterisation of the isolates led to the identification of species as T. asperellum. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found to be positive to IAA release and phosphate solubilisation and were screened against R. solani and S. oryzae in vitro and in vivo in pots under glass house conditions. Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between the amount of chlamydospores produced by T. asperellum and their antagonistic potential against the two pathogens. Exposure to external stimuli, viz., light, injury and nitrogen sources in culture media triggered increased conidiation in Trichoderma isolates. Among the four isolates studied, Trichoderma asperellum IIRRCK1 (TAIK-1) was found to be the most effective in improving plant growth in rice and highly antagonistic against R. solani and S. oryzae. Sorghum grain was found to be the most suitable among different organic substrates studied to provide better growth and viability of TAIK-1 and improved the efficiency of the seed treatment and soil application. External stimuli in the form of near UV blue light, mechanical injury to the colonies and nitrogen source added to the culture media help in faster conidiation of Trichoderma. Conclusion Strain TAIK-1 showed strong competitive and antagonistic activities against fungal soil-borne pathogens, in addition with promoting healthy growth and development of rice plants. This can be a suitable and safe alternative to chemical management in the rice fields for long-term scenario.

scholarly journals Exploration of Rhizobacteria as Bioagents against Phytophthora Blight and Yield Attributes of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.): In vitro and In vivo Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Saroj Bala ◽  
Rajni Devi ◽  
Veena Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The latest soil management scenario is occupied by destructive chemical fertilizers, which is a serious risk to both human health as well as to the environment. Advantageous microbes present in soil are used as a biofertilizers for a promising role in sustainable agriculture. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is a primitive protein rich leguminous pulse in India. Thirty-five isolates from rhizospheric soil samples were collected from twelve different locations of Punjab (India). Morphological and biochemical characterization for selection of potential plant growth promoting traits with antifungal properties was undertaken. Most of the inoculated seeds with rhizoisolates evolved a significant increase in growth parameters of pigeon pea as compared to uninoculated seeds, both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Plant growth promoting rhizobacterias (PGPRs) are environmentally safe as they lead to increased production and resistance against diseases of crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Environmental Conditions on Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato by Nonpathogenic Fusarium spp.

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin ◽  
Deborah R. Fravel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Infested Field

The influence of varying environmental and cropping conditions including temperature, light, soil type, pathogen isolate and race, and cultivar of tomato on biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by isolates of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (CS-20 and CS-24) and F. solani (CS-1) was evaluated in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. Liquid spore suspensions (106/ml) of the biocontrol isolates were applied to soilless potting mix at the time of tomato seeding, and the seedlings were transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil 2 weeks later. Temperature regimes ranging from 22 to 32°C significantly affected disease development and plant physiological parameters. Biocontrol isolate CS-20 significantly reduced disease at all temperature regimes tested, yielding reductions of disease incidence of 59 to 100% relative to pathogen control treatments. Isolates CS-24 and CS-1 reduced disease incidence in the greenhouse and at high temperatures, but were less effective at the optimum temperature for disease development (27°C). Growing plants under shade (50% of full light) versus full light affected some plant growth parameters, but did not affect the efficacy of biocontrol of any of the three bio-control isolates. Isolate CS-20 effectively reduced disease incidence (56 to 79% reduction) in four different field soils varying in texture (sandy to clayey) and organic matter content (0 to 3.2%). Isolate CS-1 reduced disease in the sandy and loamy soils (49 to 66% reduction), but was not effective in a heavy clay soil. Both CS-1 and CS-20 were equally effective against all three races of the pathogen, as well as multiple isolates of each race (48 to 66% reduction in disease incidence). Both isolates, CS-1 and CS-20, were equally effective in reducing disease incidence (66 to 80% reduction) by pathogenic races 1, 2, and 3 on eight different tomato cultivars containing varying levels of inherent resistance to Fusarium wilt (susceptible, resistant to race 1, or resistant to races 1 and 2). These results demonstrate that both these Fusarium isolates, and particularly CS-20, can effectively reduce Fusarium wilt disease of tomato under a variety of environmental conditions and have potential for further development.

scholarly journals Utilization of indigenous endophytic bacteria (Bacillus spp.) for their beneficial effect on growth of Sugarcane

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Beenu Shastri ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Ram Ji Lal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) occupies an important position among the various commercial crops of India. It is the second most important agro-industrial crop, next only to cotton in the country. Among the various approaches, use of microorganisms is one of the crucial approaches for enhancement of crop production. In recent years, endophytic bacteria are gaining much attention towards the sustainable management of the agricultural crops. They not only help in the plant growth but also in alleviating the various stresses due to their multi-faceted role. In current study, two endophytic bacteria i.e. B. cereus (strain S8) and B. subtilis (strain S 17) isolated from the sugarcane root and stalk were evaluated for their plant growth promotion activity in vitro and as well as in vivo. Data indicated that the percentage germination was higher in B. cereus (S8) over B. subtilis (S 17) treated setts when observed after 45 days of planting. Various growth parameters viz., cane height, weight, number of shoots and internodes were also increased in the presence of endophytic bacterial inoculation over uninoculated control. Thus, it is concluded that sett treatment with indigenous endophytic bacteria (Bacillus spp.) can be exploited for enhancing cane yield and productivity in sugarcane culture.

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