scholarly journals A case report of rare location of ganglioglioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
S. Bhaskar ◽  
Sumit Ramdas Hire ◽  
Arvind Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Rare Tumors ◽  
Rare Location ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system. They can occur anywhere in the central nervous system but are most commonly located in the temporal lobe and are mainly found in children. Anaplastic ganglioglioma can result from either de novo or transformation of a pre-existing lesion. Case presentation We report a case of de novo anaplastic ganglioglioma in the parieto occipital region, which is a rare location. A 34-year-old lady presented with features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) with right side hemiparesis. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) of the brain showed well-defined intense heterogenously enhancing solid cystic mass lesion 5.3 × 5.2 cm in the left parieto occipital region with mass effect and midline shift. Intraoperatively, a cystic mass lesion with reddish brown nodule was seen in the left occipital lobe. Complete tumor excision was done. Microscopic and IHC examination was suggestive of anaplastic ganglioglioma. The post-operative period was uneventful. The patient received 60-Gy radiotherapy with temozolamide as adjuvant therapy, and repeat imaging showed no tumor recurrence. Conclusion Anaplastic gangliogliomas are rare tumors with parieto occipital as rare location.

scholarly journals Characterization of More Selective Central Nervous System Nrf2-Activating Novel Vinyl Sulfoximine Compounds Compared to Dimethyl Fumarate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Carlström ◽  
Praveen K. Chinthakindi ◽  
Belén Espinosa ◽  
Faiez Al Nimer ◽  
Elias S. J. Arnér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Target Effects

Abstract The Nrf2 transcription factor is a key regulator of redox reactions and considered the main target for the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF). However, exploration of additional Nrf2-activating compounds is motivated, since DMF displays significant off-target effects and has a relatively poor penetrance to the central nervous system (CNS). We de novo synthesized eight vinyl sulfone and sulfoximine compounds (CH-1–CH-8) and evaluated their capacity to activate the transcription factors Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF1 in comparison with DMF using the pTRAF platform. The novel sulfoximine CH-3 was the most promising candidate and selected for further comparison in vivo and later an experimental model for traumatic brain injury (TBI). CH-3 and DMF displayed comparable capacity to activate Nrf2 and downstream transcripts in vitro, but with less off-target effects on HIF1 from CH-3. This was verified in cultured microglia and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and subsequently in vivo in rats. Following TBI, DMF lowered the number of leukocytes in blood and also decreased axonal degeneration. CH-3 preserved or increased the number of pre-myelinating OL. While both CH-3 and DMF activated Nrf2, CH-3 showed less off-target effects and displayed more selective OL associated effects. Further studies with Nrf2-acting compounds are promising candidates to explore potential myelin protective or regenerative effects in demyelinating disorders.

The 2016 revision of the WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kleihues ◽  
Elisabeth Rushing ◽  
Hiroko Ohgaki
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Primary Glioblastoma ◽  
System P ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The revised fourth edition of the WHO classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, published in 2016, comprises several newly recognized tumour entities, and a significant restructuring of the classification, mainly based on genetic profiling. Glioblastomas are now classified into two major types. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma (primary glioblastoma IDH-wildtype) develops rapidly de novo without a recognizable precursor lesion. IDH-mutant glioblastoma (secondary glioblastoma IDH-mutant) develops more slowly through malignant progression from diffuse or anaplastic astrocytoma. Medulloblastomas are now defined by combining histological patterns (classic, desmoplastic/nodular, extensive nodularity, anaplastic) and genetic hallmarks (WNT-activated; SHH-activated, TP53-mutant; SHH-activated, TP53-wildtype; non-WNT/non-SHH). Other newly recognized tumour entities include diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant; ependymoma, RELA fusion-positive; and embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes. The new classification is a significant step forward and will facilitate the development of novel targeted therapies of brain tumours.

scholarly journals Central nervous system: cholesterol turnover, brain development and neurodegeneration

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dietschy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Early Brain Development ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract The average amount of cholesterol in the whole animal equals approximately 2100 mg/kg body weight, and 15% and 23% of this sterol in the mouse and human, respectively, is found in the central nervous system. There is no detectable uptake across the blood-brain barrier of cholesterol carried in lipoproteins in the plasma, even in the newborn. However, high rates of de novo cholesterol synthesis in the glia and neurons provide the sterol necessary for early brain development. Once a stable brain size is achieved in the adult, cholesterol synthesis continues, albeit at a much lower rate, and this synthesis is just balanced by the excretion of an equal amount of sterol, either as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol or, presumably, as cholesterol itself.

scholarly journals De Novo Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis of the Central Nervous System of Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis by Deep RNA Sequencing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e42546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisayo Sadamoto ◽  
Hironobu Takahashi ◽  
Taketo Okada ◽  
Hiromichi Kenmoku ◽  
Masao Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Sequencing ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Endocrinology of Menopausal Transition and Its Brain Implications

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Riccardo Genazzani ◽  
Francesca Bernardi ◽  
Nicola Pluchino ◽  
Silvia Begliuomini ◽  
Elena Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Estrogen Withdrawal ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Altered Blood

AbstractThe central nervous system is one of the main target tissues for sex steroid hormones, which act on both through genomic mechanisms, modulating synthesis, release, and metabolism of many neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and through non-genomic mechanisms, influencing electrical excitability, synaptic function, morphological features, and neuron-glia interactions. During the climacteric period, sex steroid deficiency causes many neuroendocrine changes. At the hypothalamic level, estrogen withdrawal gives rise to vasomotor symptoms, to eating behavior disorders, and altered blood pressure control. On the other hand, at the limbic level, the changes in serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and opioidergic tones contribute to the modifications in mood, behavior, and nociception. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) positively affects climateric depression throughout a direct effect on neural activity and on the modulation of adrenergic and serotoninergic tones and may modulate the decrease in cognitive efficiency observed in climaterium. The identification of the brain as a de novo source of neurosteroids, suggests that the modifications in mood and cognitive performances occurring in postmenopausal women may also be related to a change in the levels of neurosteroids. These findings open new perspectives in the study of the effects of sex steroids on the central nervous system and on the possible use of alternative and/or auxiliary HRT.

De novo germlineTP53mutation presenting with synchronous malignancies of the central nervous system

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1352-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Schniederjan ◽  
Bahig Shehata ◽  
Daniel J. Brat ◽  
Natia Esiashvili ◽  
Anna J. Janss
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Synchronous Malignancies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system presenting as a mass lesion

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1528-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Gan ◽  
Julian Maingard ◽  
Lauren Giles ◽  
Pramit M. Phal ◽  
K. Meng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Brain Tuberculoma as a Differential Diagnosis of Single Intracranial Lesion: Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Bruno Missio Gregol ◽  
Taís Otilia Berres ◽  
Tasso Barreto ◽  
Richard Giacomelli ◽  
Daniela Schwingel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Intracranial Lesion ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Tuberculoma

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) of the central nervous system (CNS) is considered one of the most severe forms of presentation of the disease. Although only 1% of TB cases involve the CNS, these cases represent around between 5 and 15% of extrapulmonary forms.1 2 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most frequent form of CNS TB. The granulomas formed in the cerebral tuberculoma may cause hydrocephalus and other symptoms indicative of a CNS mass lesion. In the absence of active TB or TBM, the symptoms may be interpreted as indicative of tumors.3 4 The prognosis is directly related to the early diagnosis and proper treatment installation.5 We report the case of a patient with intracranial hypertension syndrome, expansive mass in the parieto-occipital region, accompanied by a lesion in the rib, initially thought to be a metastatic lesion, although posteriorly diagnosed as a cerebral tuberculoma.

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