scholarly journals Haemato-biochemical and ionic regulatory responses of the hybrid catfish, Heteroclarias, to sublethal concentrations of palm oil mill effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi D. Owolabi ◽  
Saratu I. Abdulkareem ◽  
Adefemi O. Ajibare
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Hybrid Catfish ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Background Pollution arising from the noxiousness of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become a serious threat to aquatic biotas. However, a paucity of information exists on fish response to POME-mediated oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, haemato-biochemical, enzymatic and ionic changes. This study, therefore, evaluates the effects of 28-day exposure of Heteroclarias, a hybrid catfish, to POME. Juvenile Heteroclarias (n = 350, average weight: 11.90 ± 0.70 g and average length: 9.04 ± 0.71 cm) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0-control, 4.00, 8.00 and 12.00 mg/l) of POME to determine its effects on red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume (MCV). The activities of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), calcium (Ca+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+) and sodium (Na+) ions were also assayed in the gill and liver. Results Exposure to POME caused significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC values, whereas a significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in WBC was observed in POME-exposed fish compared to the control. ALT, AST, LDH, GPx, SOD and CAT activities in the gill and liver significantly (p < 0.05) increased in a concentration-dependent manner. MDA level significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the gill relative to control, while in the liver it was insignificantly different. Both tissues exhibited an increase in Ca+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ levels at the highest toxicant concentration with a rise of 77.93, 38.46, 109.54 and 41.99% recorded for the electrolytes in the gill and 79.17, 26.92, 55.48 and 38.78% in the liver above the control value, respectively. The levels of all the electrolytes except K+ were higher in the gill than the liver and were in the order: Na+ > K+ > Mg+ > Ca2+ in both tissues. Conclusions These results may be used as a suitable tool for pollution assessment and policy formulation to mitigate the discharge of untreated POME into aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on resident organisms.

scholarly journals Physiological and bacteriological profile of the fish Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) chronically exposed to different concentrations of municipal waste leachate in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Olufemi David Owolabi ◽  
Funmilola Janet Abioye ◽  
Patricia Folakemi Omojasola ◽  
Olufunbi Praise Aina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

Introduction: One of the most commonly used methods of waste management is landfilling, which has been a major environmental concern. Objective: To examine the effect of leachate on Clarias gariepinus. Methods: We tested Clarias gariepinus (n=700) with varying concentrations of leachate (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) from the Amoyo dumpsite, Ilorin, Nigeria. After 28-day exposure, haematological, biochemical, bacteriological and histopathological assays were carried out. Results: pH ranged from 7,78 to 13,97; cadmium, iron, lead, manganese and zinc were 178-, 134-, 6248-, 400- and 3-fold, respectively, higher than the regulatory limits for waterbodies, while copper fell within the limits. Values of red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly lower than the control. Conversely, white blood cell, neutrophils and eosinophils increased in a concentration-dependent manner. There were tissue-specific differences in the responses of all biochemical parameters investigated except for protein that significantly decreased in all the tissues. veitisiete bacterial isolates classified into seven genera including Bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Escherichia and Micrococcus were recorded from the leachate and selected organs of C. gariepinus. The total bacterial, viable coliform and total counts in the leachate were 4,2×106CFU/mL, 3,8×108CFU/mL, 3,6× 106CFU/mL and 2,7×108CFU/mL, respectively. The highest counts were recorded in the gills (14,2×106CFU/mL) and lowest in the muscle (2,7×106CFU/mL) at the highest and least concentration of the leachate, respectively. Most of the bacteria isolated from the leachate were also recovered from the fish organs. Escherichia coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (26%). Conclusion: This study revealed that toxic constituents of the leachate elicited deleterious changes in the bacteriology and physiology of C. gariepinus.

Effects of equi-protein replacement of soybean meal with graded levels of differently processed rubber seed meal on health status of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
S. K. Akinsanmi ◽  
F. A. Igbasan ◽  
J. O. Agbede ◽  
C. O. Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation

The nutritional qualities of feed stuff are best examined on the effect of it on the health status of animals, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of incorporation of graded levels of differently processed rubber seed meal (RSM) into broiler chicken diets on the health status of the birds. Two samples of RSM were subjected to different processing methods; soaking in hot water (HWRSM) and roasting (RRSM) and were incorporated into broiler chicken diets to replace soya bean meal at 15, 25 and 35% equi-protein replacement levels in six weeks feeding trial. At maturity of the birds, blood was collected for haematological (packed cell volume; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Red blood cells; Haemoglobin concentration; mean cell volume; mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration; lymphocytes; neutrophils; monocytes; basophiles and eosinophil) and Serological parameters (total serum protein; aspartic aminotransferase; alkaline aminotransferase; cholesterol; urea; albumin; globulin; albumin / globulin and creatinine). The result showed that there were no significant (P≥0.05) differences in all haematological variables and serological indices measured except cholesterol, as compared with those birds on soybean meal-based diets. The values of cholesterol of birds on the dietary treatments were significantly lower than those in soybean meal-based diet. The average values of all haematological variables; packed cell volume (27.50 - 28.67% ); erythrocyte sedimentation rate(3.00 -3.33%); Red blood cells ( 3.10 - 3.70%); Haemoglobin concentration (9.15 - 9.55%); mean cell volume (81.70- 93.07%); mean cell haemoglobin (27.31-31.01pg) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (33.16-33.37 g/dL) lymphocytes (30.17-31.33%); neutrophils (22.17- 24.50%); monocytes (10.50 -13.33%); basophiles (2.33 -2.83%); eosinophil (0.67 -1.33%) and serological indices; TSP (3.16 -3.74 mg/dl); aspartic aminotransferase (16.50 - 21.30 µ/d ); alkaline aminotransferase (4.84 -10.40 µ/d), cholesterol (107.64 -146.32 mg/dL); Urea (10.22 - 11.08 mg/dL); Albumin (11.63 - 14.18 g/dL) Globulin (7.47 -17.70 g/dL); Albumin / globulin (0.85 - 2.79) and creatinine (4.98- 6.80 mg/dL) were within the established range for healthy birds. Suggesting that feeding of processed rubber seed meals-based diets have no noticeable adverse effect on health status of broiler chickens and can be included in their meal at these levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Age, Breed and Sex on Haematological Parameters of Growing Omani Goat Breeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Nur El Huda I. Osman ◽  
Rashid M. Al-Busaidi ◽  
Eugene H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Agricultural Experiment

Sixty seven healthy growing goat kids of three Omani breeds, born and raised in Sultan Qaboos University Agricultural Experiment Station, were used to study the effects of age, breed and sex on haematological parameters. Blood samples were collected at several times from the first to 25 weeks to study the following parameters: Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH). At birth, MCV and MCH levels were significantly higher in Batina (BAT) kids than both Jabal Akhdar (JA) and Dhofari (DOF), but there were no breed differences in the rest of the haematological values. There were significant breed differences in RBC, MCH, WBC, MCV at different ages, with Hb and PCV being highly significant at all ages. All blood parameters changed with time but showed different patterns in all breeds. There was no effect of sex on RBC, MCHC, PCV, Hb or WBC, but female kids had significantly higher MCH and MCV values at week 12. This study indicates that haematology parameters in Omani goat kids could be affected by age, breed and sex.  

scholarly journals Haematological, biochemical and histological characteristics of broiler chickens fed graded levels of dry distilled cassava with soluble

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
O. J. Oyedele ◽  
F. H. A. Ajibogun ◽  
T. A. Otunla ◽  
A. O. Olosunde
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was carried out to determine the haematological, biochemical and histological characteristics of broiler chickens fed graded levels of Dry Distilled Cassava with Soluble (DDCS). In a 28-day trial, one hundred and forty four (144) 5-week old, mixed Arbor Acre strain broiler chicks (average weight of 1.09±0.02 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments of (0% DDCS, 4% DDCS, 8% DDCS and 12% DDCS) in completely randomized design. Each treatment had 2 replicates of 18 birds each. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Four birds from each treatment were randomly selected and blood sample collected via jugular puncture for haematological and biochemical evaluation at the termination of experiment. The analysis of blood components, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV), Mean corpusclar haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) showed no significant (P>0.05) differences among the broilers fed with experimental diets. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the biochemical analysis of the broilers fed different levels of DDCS. Three birds were randomly selected from each treatment group and slaughtered for carcass evaluation and histological analysis of small intestine, kidney, spleen, liver and large intestine. It was concluded that DDCS can be included in the diets of broilers up to 12% without any deleterious effect on the haematological and serum biochemical characteristics. The feeding of DDCS to poultry at 4, 8, and 12% resulted in liver, kidney, small intestine and large intestine changes.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour déterminer les caractéristiques hématologiques, biochimiques et histologiques des poulets de gril nourris à des niveaux classés de manioc distillé sec avec soluble (DDCS). Au cours d'un essai de 28 jours, cent quarante-quatre (144) poussins mixtes de poulets à griller arbor acre (poids moyen de 1,09±0,02 kg) ont été répartis au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques de (0% DDCS, 4% DDCS, 8% DDCS et 12% DDCS) dans un design complètement randomisé. Chaque traitement avait 2 répliques de 18 oiseaux chacun. L'alimentation et l'eau ont été fournies ad libitum. Quatre oiseaux de chaque traitement ont été choisis au hasard et un échantillon de sang prélevé par perforation jugulaire pour une évaluation hématologique et biochimique à la fin de l'expérience. L'analyse des composants sanguins, des globules rouges (RBC), des globules blancs (WBC),du volume cellulaire emballé (PCV), du volume moyen des cellules (MCV), de la concentration moyenne de corpusclar haemoglobine (MCHC) et de l'hémoglobine à cellules moyennes (HME) n'a montré aucune différence significative (P>0,05) entre les poulets de grillage nourris avec des régimes expérimentaux. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative (P>0,05) dans l'analyse biochimique des poulets de grillage nourris à différents niveaux de DDCS. Trois oiseaux ont été choisis au hasard dans chaque groupe de traitement et abattus pour l'évaluation des carcasses et l'analyse histologique de l'intestin grêle, du rein, de la rate, du foie et du gros intestin. Il a été conclu que le DDCS peut être inclus dans les régimes des poulets de grillage jusqu'à 12% sans aucun effet délétère sur les caractéristiques biochimiques hématologiques et sériques. L'alimentation du DDCS aux volailles à 4, 8 et 12% a entraîné des changements dans le foie, les reins, l'intestin grêle et les gros intestins.  

scholarly journals The prevalence of leukocyte abnormalities among Sudanese patients with sickle cell disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Tarig Osman Khalafallah Ahmed ◽  
Ekhlas Alrasheid Abu Elfadul ◽  
Ahmed A. Agab Eldour ◽  
Omer Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Disorder ◽  
Age Range

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. The study was conducted in Elobied town during the period May 2011 to September 2011. The aim of this study is to detect the abnormalities of leucocytes among sickle cell anemic patients. 40 sickle cell anemic patients; age range between 8 months to 23 years. Blood sample was taken for all patients and the laboratory investigation were performed using automated estimation for: hemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), red cell count (RBCs), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell concentration (MCHC), and total white blood cells, comment on blood film using manual methods. The conclusion of this study there is increase in total white blood cells with shift to left in neutrophil precursor in sickle cell patients with complications ,the most immature cells are band form, myelocytes and metamyelocytes, and there also lymphocytosis and neutrophilia which has been increases in response to infections.

scholarly journals Can Haematological Indices Predict Positive Findings at Endoscopy in Anaemic Patients?

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
AMP Schizas ◽  
R Reid ◽  
ML George
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Haematological Indices

INTRODUCTION Patients with anaemia are commonly referred for bidirectional endoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine if any haematological parameters could predict positive findings at endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 209 patients had bidirectional endoscopies performed for anaemia between September 2002 and March 2004. The endoscopy reports, histology and full blood count results (haemoglobin [Hb], red blood cells [RBCs], packed cell volume [PCV], mean cell volume [MCV] and mean cell haemoglobin [MCH]) were then reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS Overall, 197 patients had successful bidirectional endoscopies with 12 requiring completion barium enema. In 48 (23%) of these patients, a cause of anaemia was found with 15 (7.2%) carcinomas detected (2 upper GI and 13 lower GI). There was a significant difference in haemoglobin (9.2 g/dl versus 10.1 g/dl; P = 0.0044), RBCs (3.56 × 1012/l versus 3.83 × 1012/l; P = 0.0325) and PCV (0.279 l/l versus 0.31 l/l; P = 0.0112) between patients with positive findings at endoscopy and those with a normal investigation. Cancer patients had significantly lower haemoglobin (8.65 g/dl versus 10.1 g/dl; P = 0.0103), RBCs (3.45 × 1012/l versus 3.83 × 1012/l; P = 0.0179) and PCV (0.27 l/l versus 0.31 l/l; P = 0.0298) compared with patients with normal endoscopies. There was no significant difference in the other haematological parameters between those found to have positive findings and those that had normal endoscopies. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, the yield of bidirectional endoscopy is low, with haemoglobin and PCV being the most useful haematological indices of significant pathology. Ferritin and MCV did not predict the likelihood of finding a gastrointestinal cause for the anaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of Halothane and Enflurane Anaesthesia on the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Red Blood Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Agar ◽  
G. B. H. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Enflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Before And After

No significant changes were found in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell glutathione levels in patients before and after anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. These results, though unable to explain the mechanism, support the earlier suggestion that glutathione plays little, if any, role in protecting liver against toxic effects of these anaesthetic agents or their metabolites.

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Blood Cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M.D. Dal Colletto ◽  
D.W. Fulker ◽  
O.C. de O. Barretto ◽  
M. Kolya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Twin Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Red Cell Count

AbstractIn a sample of 105 concordant sex MZ and DZ twin pairs, the following characteristics were measured: red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes, platelets, white cell count and the six types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, band and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. The statistical model employed in the univariate twin analysis allows for three sources of variation: genetic (h2), shared environmental (c2) and specific environmental influences (e2). A genetic component was significant for red cell count, haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin (0.64, 0.60 and 0.46 respectively), with heritable variation suggested for package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes. Shared environmental variation was only present for neutrophils.

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