scholarly journals Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary insect meal during the seawater phase of Atlantic salmon

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Li ◽  
Leonardo Bruni ◽  
Alexander Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
Karina Gajardo ◽  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~ 15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. While feeding insects increased microbial richness and diversity in both digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota, mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible. Specific taxa enriched in the intestinal mucosa are associated to gene expression related to immune responses and barrier function. Detailed studies are needed on the ecological and functional significance of taxa associated to intestinal microbiota dwelling on the mucosa.

scholarly journals Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary insect meal during the seawater phase of Atlantic salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Li ◽  
Leonardo Bruni ◽  
Alexander Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
Karina Gajardo ◽  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. While feeding insects increased microbial richness and diversity in both digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota, mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible. Specific taxa enriched in the intestinal mucosa are associated to gene expression related to immune responses and barrier function. Detailed studies are needed on the ecological and functional significance of taxa associated to intestinal microbiota dwelling on the mucosa.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Li ◽  
Leonardo Bruni ◽  
Alexander Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
Karina Gajardo ◽  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing 15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Lastly, multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and unclassified Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Overall, our data clearly indicate that responses in digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota to dietary inclusion of insect meal differ, with the latter being more resilient to dietary changes.

scholarly journals Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in seawater phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Li ◽  
Leonardo Bruni ◽  
Alexander Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
Karina Gajardo ◽  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background: Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. Mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition than digesta-associated intestinal microbiota. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible.

scholarly journals Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in seawater phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Li ◽  
Leonardo Bruni ◽  
Alexander Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
Karina Gajardo ◽  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

Abstract Background: Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~15% black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and unclassified Spirochaetaceae , associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. Mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition than digesta-associated intestinal microbiota. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota in young forest musk deer during weaning

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8923
Author(s):  
Yimeng Li ◽  
Minghui Shi ◽  
Tianxiang Zhang ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Baofeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Weaning is an important event for all mammals, including young forest musk deer. However, weaning stress may cause intestinal microbiota-related disorders. Therefore, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to study the dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota during pre-weaning (10 days before weaning) and post-weaning (10 days after weaning) in 15 young forest musk deer. We saw that intestinal microbiota diversity in the post-weaning period was significantly higher than that in the pre-weaning period. The most dominant bacterial phyla were similar in the two groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia). Meanwhile, we applied Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) to identify the most differentially microbial taxa in the pre-weaning and post-weaning groups. In the post-weaning forest musk deer, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Treponema and Prevotella was higher than in the pre-weaning group. However, higher relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes was found in the pre-weaning group compared with that in the post-weaning group. In summary, this research provides a theoretical foundation for the dynamics of young forest musk deer intestinal microbiota during the weaning transition, which may benefit in understanding the growth and health of forest musk deer.

scholarly journals A Correlation Study between Clinical Efficacy of Weifuchun on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer and Intestinal flora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqin Bian ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Hongyan Cao ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
Meiping Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract BackgroudWeifuchun(WFC), a Chinese herbal prescription consisting of Red Ginseng, Isodon amethystoides and Fructus Aurantii, is commonly used in China to treat a variety of chronic stomach disorders. The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) patients. MethodsPLGC patients of H.pylori negative were randomly divided into two groups received either WFC tablets at a dose of 1.44g 3 times a day or vitacoenzyme tablets at a dose of 0.8g 3 times a day. All patients were treated for 6 months, consecutively. Gastroscopy and histopathology were used to assess the histopathological changes in the gastric tissues before and after treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out to assess the effects WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of different intestinal microbiota in distinguishing between PLGC patients and healthy control. ResultsGastroscopy and histopathological results indicated that WFC could improve the pathological condition of PLGC patients, especially in the atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that WFC could regulate the microbial diversity, microbial composition, and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of PLGC patients. Following WFC treatment, the relative abundance of Parabacteroides was decreased in WFC group when compared with the control group. ROC analysis found that the Parabacteroides could effectively distinguish PLGC patients from healthy individuals with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.8. ConclusionsWFC could slow down the progression of PLGC by regulating intestinal microbiota abundance. Trial registrationNCT03814629. Name of registry: Randomized Clinical Trial: Weifuchun Treatment on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer. Registered 3 August 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT03814629.

scholarly journals Rebamipide ameliorates indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and proton pump inhibitor-induced exacerbation of this damage by modulation of small intestinal microbiota

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245995
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tanigawa ◽  
Toshio Watanabe ◽  
Akira Higashimori ◽  
Sunao Shimada ◽  
Hiroyuki Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce small intestinal damage. It has been reported that rebamipide, a mucoprotective drug, exerts a protective effect against NSAID-induced small intestinal damage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the significance of the small intestinal microbiota in the protective effect of rebamipide against indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in mice. A comprehensive analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed an alteration in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota at the species level, modulated by the administration of rebamipide and omeprazole. The transplantation of the small intestinal microbiota of the mice treated with rebamipide suppressed the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, exacerbated the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage, which was accompanied by the alteration of the small intestinal microbiota. We found that the transplantation of the small intestinal microbiota of the rebamipide-treated mice ameliorated indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and the omeprazole-induced exacerbation of the damage. These results suggest that rebamipide exerts a protective effect against NSAID-induced small intestinal damage via the modulation of the small intestinal microbiota, and that its ameliorating effect extends also to the exacerbation of NSAID-induced small intestinal damage by proton pump inhibitors.

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