A dual-modality quantification of scattered radiation from head to female breasts during radiological investigations in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Abstract Background To quantify the amount of scattered radiation reaching the breasts during x-ray and CT investigations of the head in order to find appropriate justification for an intended change in practice involving torso shielding. Results Scattered radiation from the head reached the breasts in both procedures. The range and mean dose were (CR 1.02–3.61/1.94 ± 0.63 mGy) and (CT 2.20–8.50/3.74 ± 2.28 mGy). Both breasts had enormous dose difference in CR (72.3%) and CT (51.4%) which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation of dose with anthropometric parameters gave weak results. Conclusion Despite dose mitigation strategies such as software and hardware modifications in radiological modalities, use of anti-scatter grid, appropriate collimation and dose optimization by radiographers, scattered radiation still traveled from the head to the breasts. These were, however, significantly reduced when shielding was applied. For a dose-safe practice, radiographers are urged, in addition to current strategies at mitigating scatters, to adopt torso shielding during examinations involving contiguous anatomies to the breast.

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Quantitative Analysis Of X-Ray Images From Geological Materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013482x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 244-245

Author(s):

J. M. Paque ◽

R. Browning ◽

P. L. King ◽

P. Pianetta

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Bulk Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Analytical Description ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Geological Samples ◽

X Ray ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

And Storage ◽

Insight Into

Geological samples typically contain many minerals (phases) with multiple element compositions. A complete analytical description should give the number of phases present, the volume occupied by each phase in the bulk sample, the average and range of composition of each phase, and the bulk composition of the sample. A practical approach to providing such a complete description is from quantitative analysis of multi-elemental x-ray images.With the advances in recent years in the speed and storage capabilities of laboratory computers, large quantities of data can be efficiently manipulated. Commercial software and hardware presently available allow simultaneous collection of multiple x-ray images from a sample (up to 16 for the Kevex Delta system). Thus, high resolution x-ray images of the majority of the detectable elements in a sample can be collected. The use of statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), can provide insight into mineral phase composition and the distribution of minerals within a sample.

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Coherent Scattered Radiation Internal Standardization in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Solutions.

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac60187a028 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 812-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T. J. Cullen

Keyword(s):

Scattered Radiation ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Internal Standardization

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X-ray fluorescence solution semi-microanalysis of the luminophore type materials using scattered radiation and attenuation coefficients

Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy ◽

10.1016/j.sab.2003.08.011 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 1917-1925 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rafal Sitko ◽

Beata Zawisza ◽

Jerzy Jurczyk ◽

Franciszek Buhl

Keyword(s):

Scattered Radiation ◽

Attenuation Coefficients ◽

X Ray

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HIV-TUBERCULOSIS: A STUDY OF CHEST X-RAY PATTERNS IN RELATION TO CD4 COUNT

10.36106/ijsr/6300460 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-12

Author(s):

Abdhesh Kumar ◽

Naveen Kumar ◽

Kumar Sourav

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Who Guidelines ◽

X Ray ◽

Ciency Virus ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Radiological Patterns ◽

High Index Of Suspicion ◽

Ray Patterns

Background: Fight against human immunodeciency virus (HIV) is incomplete without addressing problems associated with difcult diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-Tuberculosis coinfected patients. Chest X-ray is a primary tool to evaluate tuberculosis in HIV. Aim: To assess and compare various radiological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients and compare these patterns in relation to CD4 counts. Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in J.L.N.M.C.H Bhagalpur from april 2019 to january 2021 with 200 HIV positive patients. WHO guidelines were used for diagnosis of HIV and tuberculosis. Results: 27% of the patients had sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis, with higher incidence (33%) among CD4 less than 200 as compared to CD4 more than 200 (14%). Inltration (39%) followed by consolidation (30%), cavity (11%), and lymphadenopathy (9%) seen with CD4 less than 200. Inltration (37.5%) followed by cavity (25%) and miliary (25%) with CD4 above 200. Bilateral (68.5%) and mid and lower zones or all zone involvement more commonly seen. Conclusion: In patients with CD4 lower than 200 noncavitory inltration and consolidation predominated. Involvement of lungs was atypical; diffuse or mid and lower zone involvement was higher than classical upper lobe involvement. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the accurate and timely diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIVpositive patients.

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