scholarly journals Use of Maximum Surgical Order Schedule (MSBOS) among pediatric patients to optimize blood utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Paulo S. Guzman ◽  
Leandro L. Resurreccion ◽  
Maria Beatriz P. Gepte
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Utilization

Abstract Background Evaluating blood ordering and subsequent development of a blood ordering schedule can decrease over-ordering of blood among pediatric surgical patients. The objective is to assess our practice of blood utilization using various blood utilization indices and calculate the Maximal Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS). This is a cross-sectional study for 3 years that included patients (≤ 18 years old) who underwent major surgical procedures in the Philippine Children’s Medical Center. Data included type of surgery, age and sex, number of units crossmatched, number of units transfused, and timing of transfusion. Indices were calculated. Results This study revealed that the utilization rate was only 39.1% of blood among a total of 5314 cases done. The indices were analyzed according to different procedures among different age groups. Procedures for head and neck, colorectal, ostomy, solid tumors, genitourinary abnormalities, upper gastrointestinal, and appendectomy had CT (crossmatched to transfusion) ratio exceeding 2.0, indicating inappropriate blood ordering. Major abdominal, major thoracic, and hepatobiliary surgery all have CT ratio < 2.0. MSBOS was calculated, and a requisition of 1 unit of blood among patients undergoing these procedures is suggested. Conclusions The MSBOS is largely utilized to the adult population but its creation can also be utilized among pediatric patients. Our data shows that in majority of elective pediatric surgical procedures, routine crossmatch is not necessary which is proven by our high underutilization of requested blood products.

Auditory hallucinations in adults with hearing impairment: a large prevalence study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. J. Linszen ◽  
G. A. van Zanten ◽  
R. J. Teunisse ◽  
R. M. Brouwer ◽  
P. Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impaired Group ◽  
Impairment Severity ◽  
Air Conduction

AbstractBackgroundSimilar to visual hallucinations in visually impaired patients, auditory hallucinations are often suggested to occur in adults with hearing impairment. However, research on this association is limited. This observational, cross-sectional study tested whether auditory hallucinations are associated with hearing impairment, by assessing their prevalence in an adult population with various degrees of objectified hearing impairment.MethodsHallucination presence was determined in 1007 subjects aged 18–92, who were referred for audiometric testing to the Department of ENT-Audiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. The presence and severity of hearing impairment were calculated using mean air conduction thresholds from the most recent pure tone audiometry.ResultsOut of 829 participants with hearing impairment, 16.2% (n = 134) had experienced auditory hallucinations in the past 4 weeks; significantly more than the non-impaired group [5.8%; n = 10/173; p < 0.001, odds ratio 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.6–6.2)]. Prevalence of auditory hallucinations significantly increased with categorized severity of impairment, with rates up to 24% in the most profoundly impaired group (p < 0.001). The corrected odds of hallucination presence increased 1.02 times for each dB of impairment in the best ear. Auditory hallucinations mostly consisted of voices (51%), music (36%), and doorbells or telephones (24%).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that auditory hallucinations are common among patients with hearing impairment, and increase with impairment severity. Although more research on potential confounding factors is necessary, clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon, by inquiring after hallucinations in hearing-impaired patients and, conversely, assessing hearing impairment in patients with auditory hallucinations, since it may be a treatable factor.

scholarly journals Current Status of Periodontal Disease in Adults in Takahagi, Japan:A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sekino ◽  
Ryoichi Takahashi ◽  
Yukihiro Numabe ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background : To date, a few studies have documented the detailed periodontal conditions of a Japanese population. It is important to know if the awareness of Japanese nationals and dentists regarding oral hygiene and prevention of periodontal disease have improved when compared with the past in Japan for the development of future scenarios regarding prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity, prevalence, and extent of periodontal disease in the adult population of the city of Takahagi, Japan. Results were also compared with those of an epidemiological study performed in Japan in the 1980s. Methods : A total of 582 (aged 20 to 89 years) randomly sampled Takahagi residents answered a comprehensive questionnaire and participated in clinical examinations. Results : The mean percentages of tooth surfaces harboring plaque and exhibiting BOP were 59.5 ± 24.9% and 31.1 ± 21.1%, respectively. The mean PPD and CAL were 2.5 ± 0.5 mm and 2.9 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Compared with results of the 1980s survey, the mean percentages of plaque and bleeding on probing were lower in the current population. The mean CAL and prevalence of attachment loss of ³5 mm in some age groups were higher in the present study than in the 1980s study. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to mean probing depth between the 1980s and current age groups. Conclusions : Periodontal disease was still prevalent in the current Japanese population, even though some improvement occurred. Proper public health programs therefore need to be established.

scholarly journals Beliefs of South Africans regarding food and cardiovascular health

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 946-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C Dolman ◽  
Welma Stonehouse ◽  
Hilda van’t Riet ◽  
Jane Badham ◽  
Johann C Jerling
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
South African ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the beliefs of South African metropolitan adults regarding the importance of influencing cardiovascular health by eating certain food types, and to compare these beliefs between different race, living standards, age and gender groups.DesignRandomised cross-sectional study. Trained fieldworkers administered questionnaires by conducting face-to-face interviews with consumers.SubjectsTwo thousand South Africans (16 years and older) were randomly selected from metropolitan areas in South Africa. The data were weighted to be representative of the total South African metropolitan population (N = 10 695 000) based on gender, age and race distribution.ResultsThe majority (94 %) of the population indicated that it is important to influence cardiovascular risk-related health issues by eating certain food types, especially the higher LSM (Living Standard Measure) groups within the different race groups. Weight loss was considered the least important (61 % indicated that it is important) compared with cholesterol lowering (80 %), blood pressure (89 %), diabetes (86 %) and healthy blood vessels (89 %). In the higher LSM groups (7–10) higher proportions of respondents agreed than in the lower LSM groups (2 and 3). No differences were seen in responses between different gender, race and age groups.Conclusions and recommendationsThis study shows that the metropolitan South African adult population considers the influence on cardiovascular health by eating certain food types to be important. However, modifying weight loss by eating certain food types was considered less important.

scholarly journals Pelvic inflammatory disease and causative pathogens in older women in a medical center in eastern Taiwan: A retrospective cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257627
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Chen ◽  
Pei-Chen Li ◽  
Dah-Ching Ding
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Younger Women

Objectives Most research into the management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is in younger women and focuses on sexually transmitted pathogens such as N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis. Non-sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and PID in older women are rarely examined. The objective of this study is to explore cervical culture pathogens in women of different age groups in a medical center in eastern Taiwan. Methods We enrolled patients whose medical records were diagnosed with PID (ICD-9-CM 614.0 [N70.01–03], 614.1[N70.11–13], 614.9 [N73.5, N73.9]) at our hospital from October 2014 to March 2020. Patients were divided into three groups according to age: the age <25 years, age 25–44 years, and the ≥ 45 years group. Chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. In subgroup analysis, endocervical pathogens were further stratified into vaginal, respiratory, enteric, skin, oral, and other. Results A total of 96 patients were included in the study. There were 31 patients in the age ≥ 45 years group, 52 patients in the age 25–44 years group, and 13 patients in the age <25 years group. Vagina and enteric pathogens were the most common pathogens among all groups. The isolated respiratory and other pathogens were more in the age ≥ 45 years group than in the other two groups. Prevotella bivia was more common in the age <25 years and 25–44 years groups. Conclusions This may be due to different pathogeneses of PID in the age ≥ 45 years patients. Our study can be used as a reference for antibiotic choice of non-sexually transmitted PID and to prevent long-term sequelae of PID.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of pertussis in adult population

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 641-645
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Biljana Radosavljevic ◽  
Mioljub Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis Toxin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Pertussis Epidemiology

Introduction/Objective. Seroepidemiological studies are crucial for better understanding of pertussis epidemiology. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of anti-Bordetella pertussis toxin antibodies (anti-PT IgG) in the adult population of Novi Sad, and to evaluate the differences by age and sex. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 468 healthy adults aged ? 20 years stratified into seven age groups. The youngest of our participants received the last dose of the vaccine at least 18 years ago. Positive results of anti-PT IgG concentrations were considered a consequence of natural pertussis infection or reinfection. A commercial ELISA kit (EuroimmunR, Lubeck, Germany), with anti-PT IgG with four calibrators (5 IU/mL, 25 IU/mL, 100 IU/mL, and 200 IU/mL) was used. Results. Most of the subjects (53.8%) had anti-PT IgG of > 5 to < 62.5 IU/mL. The proportion of participants with high concentrations (62.5 to < 125 IU/mL) was statistically significantly higher in females than in males (5.4% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.002). The highest values of anti-PT IgG were detected among subjects in the age group of 20?24 years (17.5 ?} 22.2 IU/mL), and in the participants ? 60 years of age (15.0 ?} 29.4 IU/ mL). The percentage of anti-PT IgG concentration of ? 62.5 IU/mL was the highest among subjects aged ? 60 years (6.6%) and among those aged 20?24 years (5%). Conclusions. The limited duration of vaccine-induced immunity with subsequent infection or reinfection enables the circulation of pertussis in the adult population of Novi Sad that serves as the reservoir of infection for transmission to vulnerable persons.

scholarly journals Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among abused and neglected: a cross-sectional study among child, adolescents, and adult population

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Bhuvana R. C.
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Physical Consequences

Background: In the past few decades child abuse and neglects has been only highlighted as an area of concern and has only explained lifelong mental and physical consequences rather than estimating the prevalence rates also there were gaps in child age groups in most of the previous studies in the world, especially in India. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among those who having history of abuse and neglects in a community population of all age groups and to compare the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in among different age groups.Methods: A total of 600 participants, children, adolescents and caregivers like parents, of aged 1-65 years, from Shimoga districts, were screened by using CCMS for adults and parents to identify the cases. A chi-square test has used for statistics.Results: The overall prevalence rate of psychiatric co-morbidity among abuse and neglects were 29.9% (28.9% had schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders 27.9%, mood disorders 25.6%, anxiety disorders 29.2%, behavior disorders 43.5%, and substance use disorders 29.2%).Conclusions: Childhood maltreatment has strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of child maltreatment should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect children from violence.

scholarly journals Oral health and use of dental services in different stages of adulthood in Norway: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Hadler-Olsen ◽  
Birgitta Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status and oral health care habits may change throughout adult life. This calls for age-stratified analyses of oral health in the adult population to uncover differences that could be of importance for organizing adequate oral health care services. The aim of the present study was to describe self-reported oral health in different age groups in a general adult population in Norway, and to explore associations between self-reported oral health and age groups, sociodemographic factors, use of dental services, number of teeth and dental caries. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study of almost 2000 Norwegian adults, 20–79 years old. The study included both a structured questionnaire and a clinical examination to assess sociodemographic variables, use of dental services, self-reported oral and general health as well as dental caries and number of teeth. For analysis, the participants were divided into three age groups: young adults (20–29 years), middle-aged adults (30–59 years), and senior adults (60 years and older). Differences among groups were analyzed by cross-tabulation, and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between variables. Results Forty-eight percent of the participants rated their oral health as good. Almost half of the participants had at least one carious tooth, with the highest caries prevalence among the young adults. To be caries free was strongly associated with reporting good oral health among the young and middle-aged adults. One third of the senior adults had fewer than 20 teeth, which was associated with reporting moderate or poor oral health. Less than half of the young adults reported regular use of dental services, and 40% of them had postponed dental visits for financial reasons during the past 2 years. Regardless of age group, having to postpone dental visits for financial reasons or having poor-to-moderate general health were associated with high odds for reporting moderate or poor oral health. Conclusions That there were important age-group differences in self-reported and clinical measures of oral health and in the use of dental health services demonstrates the importance of age-stratified analyses in oral health research. Many adults, especially among the young, faced financial barriers for receiving dental health services, which was associated with poorer self-reported oral health. This argues for a need to revisit the financing of oral health care for adults in Norway.

scholarly journals The Pituitary Gland Measurements in Sudanese Females using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401
Author(s):  
Shayma Hamed ◽  
Ayad CE ◽  
Rana Eisa ◽  
Awadia Gareeballah ◽  
Alaa Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Brain Examination

Background: Assessment of the pituitary gland (PG) measurements is essential for the diagnosis of many pathological conditions. For Sudanese adult females, however, there have been no studies and no reference values for PG measurements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the regular dimensions of the PG, using MRI, and to correlate these measurements with age, the shape of sella turcica, puberty age, and parity in Sudanese females. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was done to assess the PG measurement in Sudanese adult females (n=63) aged between 20 years and 60 years who underwent a brain MRI examination between 2015 and 2019. The study was conducted at Yastabshiroon Umodorman Medical Center (Khartoum, Sudan). The MRI brain examination found that the mean length, depth, width, and volume of the PG were 10.57±1.27 mm, 5.56±1.42 mm, 12.18±1.67 mm, and 356.38±100.22 mm3, respectively. Concerning the shape of the sella turcica, the study revealed that the convex and concave shape were more frequent than others (39.7% and 34.9%, respectively). The depth, width, length, and volume of the gland had changed significantly with pituitary shapes. The PG depth was significantly higher in nulliparous females than multiparous ones. Conclusion: The PG measurement in adult Sudanese females decreased in the sagittal depth and volume gradually till the age of 50 years then returned to increasing after age 50. Younger females in the age group of 20-30 years had a larger depth and volume of the gland than other age groups.

scholarly journals Relationship between age, refractive errors and motor fusion in a normal Chinese adult population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man She ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Qianqian Hu ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Xiaodong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background To investigate the relationships between motor fusion and sex, age and spherical equivalent (SE). Methods This observational study enrolled 243 healthy, nonstrabismic adults, including 94 men and 149 women aged 20 to 59 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to SE: myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic groups. The subjects were also divided into four groups according to age: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49 and 50–59 years groups. Motor fusion was measured with a synoptophore, including subjective angle (SA), divergence, convergence and fusional vergence range (FVR). Results The mean values of divergence, convergence and FVR for the whole sample group were 9.72 ± 0.26°, 19.34 ± 0.54°, and 29.06 ± 0.62°, respectively. A higher value of divergence was found in the myopic group than in the emmetropic group (p < 0.05). SE and divergence were significantly different among age groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, linear regression analysis showed that SE was correlated with divergence (p = 0.003). Age was correlated with SE, divergence and FVR (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the proportion of SA being in the comfort zone (defined as the value of SA satisfying Percival’s criterion) in the age groups was significantly different (χ2 = 8.283, p = 0.041). Conclusions Motor fusion is associated with age and SE in the normal Chinese adult population.

scholarly journals Current Status of Periodontal Disease in Adults in Takahagi, Japan:A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sekino ◽  
Ryoichi Takahashi ◽  
Yukihiro Numabe ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: To date, a few studies documented the detailed periodontal conditions of a Japanese population. It is important to know if the awareness of Japanese nationals and dentists to oral hygiene and prevention of periodontal disease have improved when compared with the past in Japan for the development of future scenarios regarding prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity, prevalence, and extent of periodontal disease in the adult population of the city of Takahagi, Japan. Results were also compared with those of an epidemiological study performed in Japan in the 1980s. Methods: A total of 582 inhabitants (aged 20 to 89 years) of Takahagi were randomly sampled, answered a comprehensive questionnaire and participated in clinical examinations performed by one examiner. Results: The mean percentages of tooth surfaces harboring plaque and exhibiting BOP were 59.5 ± 24.9% and 31.1 ± 21.1%, respectively. The mean PPD and CAL were 2.5 ± 0.5 mm and 2.9 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Compared with results of the 1980s survey, the mean percentages of plaque and bleeding on probing were lower in the current population. The mean CAL and prevalence of attachment loss of ³5 mm in some age groups were higher in the current study than in the 1980s study. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to mean probing depth between 1980s and current in all age groups. Conclusions: Periodontal disease was still prevalent in current Japanese population even though some improvement occurred. Proper public health programs therefore need to be established.

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