scholarly journals Long-term time-lapse microgravity and geotechnical monitoring of relict salt mines, Marston, Cheshire, U. K.

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. B287-B294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie K. Pringle ◽  
Peter Styles ◽  
Claire P. Howell ◽  
Michael W. Branston ◽  
Rebecca Furner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geotechnical Monitoring ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

The area around the town of Northwich in Cheshire, U. K., has a long history of catastrophic ground subsidence caused by a combination of natural dissolution and collapsing abandoned mine workings within the underlying Triassic halite bedrock geology. In the village of Marston, the Trent and Mersey Canal crosses several abandoned salt mine workings and previously subsiding areas, the canal being breached by a catastrophic subsidence event in 1953. This canal section is the focus of a long-term monitoring study by conventional geotechnical topographic and microgravity surveys. Results of 20 years of topographic time-lapse surveys indicate specific areas of local subsidence that could not be predicted by available site and mine abandonment plan and shaft data. Subsidence has subsequently necessitated four phases of temporary canal bank remediation. Ten years of microgravity time-lapse data have recorded major deepening negative anomalies in specific sections that correlate with topographic data. Gravity 2D modeling using available site data found upwardly propagating voids, and associated collapse material produced a good match with observed microgravity data. Intrusive investigations have confirmed a void at the major anomaly. The advantages of undertaking such long-term studies for near-surface geophysicists, geotechnical engineers, and researchers working in other application areas are discussed.

scholarly journals Insurrection for land, sea and dignity: resistance and autonomy against wind energy in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Sand Bar ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
Change Mitigation

Providing a glimpse into the reality of wind energy development, the story of Álvaro Obregón is one of resistance. Álvaro Obregón is a primarily Zapotec semi-subsistence community located near the entrance of the Santa Teresa sand bar (Barra), where in 2011 Mareña Renovables initiated the process of building 102 wind turbines. Demonstrating the complicated micro-politics of land acquisition, conflict and unrest, this article argues that climate change mitigation initiatives are sparking land grabs and conflict with the renewed valuation of wind resources. Insurrection against the Mareña Renovables wind project has spawned a long-term conflict, which has created social divisions and a type of low-intensity civil war within the town. This article will chronicle the uprising against the wind company, battles with police, and the town hall takeover, which includes analyzing the conflict taking place between the cabildo comunitario and the constitucionalistas. Subsequent sections examine the different perspectives within the village and how this battle between the Communitarians and the wind company continues today. The article reveals the complications associated with land deals, the conflict generating potential of climate change mitigation practices and, finally, concludes by reflecting on the difficulties of formulating alternatives to development within a conflict situation.

Calendar bypass rites of Burgenland’s Croats in Hungary: history and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 250-267
Author(s):  
Anna A. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Biblical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

The article deals with the calendar bypass rites of the Burgenland Croats of South-Western Hungary in the vicinity of the town of Szombathei and is based on ethnolinguistic field studies conducted in 2019. Special attention is paid to the processes of the interaction between and mutual influence of the coexisting Croatian and Hungarian languages, folklore, and ethnographic traditions. The role of the folk language used is shown, which is in some cases reproduced when recreating the ritual Christmas circumambulation. The researcher focuses on the history of the revival of the “shepherds” Christmas rite in the village of Narda and its surrounding villages - Felsőcsatár and Horvátlővő. Reconstruction of the elements of the Christmas “shepherds” showed that the persons taking part in the ritual who visit the houses in the village as “shepherds” act as “wonderful guests”. They are connecting the spheres of both “their own” and “alien” worlds, and become the object of sacralisation as representatives of some other world, who bring prosperity, success, and good luck to the owners of the house. At present, this archaic aspect of the circumambulation (which is reflected in the attributes of the maskers and the motifs of their songs) is preserved as a symbol, sign, or characteristic feature of the winter rite itself (the shepherd’s performance). The masks representing the characters of biblical history are characteristic (shepherds, angels), which fits into the broader context of the later Slavic tradition. The example of the Christmas rite of “shepherds” shows the linguistic and folklore polyglossia that is typical for this region, where Burgenland’s Croats live in a foreign-language and foreign-culture environment.

History of Dlonguébougou and the wider region

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Political Systems ◽  
Military Recruitment ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Village Life ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

Chapter 2 sets the village of Dlonguébougou within its wider region. Long-term shifts in rainfall have shaped the landscape and societies, from prehistory through to the emergence of the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Empires, relying on trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, and slaves. The Bambara kingdom of Ségou used warfare to exact tribute and control trade, but by the time of the French conquest, much of the region had been taken under the jihadist rule of El Hajj Oumar Tall. The colonial administration had profound, long-lasting impacts on village life, taxation, forced labour, military recruitment, and legal and political systems. Economic and political events since Independence in 1960 are described, including the growing conflict in the north and centre of the country, sparked by demands for Tuareg autonomy, but now spread into widespread instability.

scholarly journals Ascoltare il territorio

ARCHALP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (N. 5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cola
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Village

The recent history of urban development in Italy largely stems from a policy – here intended as a set of actions and strategies of administrators, entrepreneurs and experts – which has been incapable of planning transformations and, therefore, adopting a shared and far-sighted approach to development. The urban regeneration of metropolitan areas and their consequent demographic and economic development (70% of the population and 80% of GDP are concentrated in these areas) have often penalised internal areas such as the Alps and Apennines. Some peculiar experiences, including the regeneration of the village of Ostana (Cuneo), the project carried out in Contrada Bricconi (Bergamo), or even the activities of the association Dolomiti Contemporanee (Belluno) – just to mention a few interesting cases in the Italian Alps, – show that the understanding of and care for a unique territory are the pillars on which any informed political, administrative, architectural or territorial project should be based. This approach is all the more important in the framework of those events envisaging the construction of large infrastructures (such as the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan-Cortina). After these events, such infrastructures are often abandoned because they are useless for the territory, economically unsustainable in the long-term, and not shared with the local community. In this perspective, the work of the association Architetti Arco Alpino (Alpine Arc Architects), whose activities range from architecture awards to photographic surveys, conferences and publications, aims to understand the complexity of mountain areas and to promote architectural quality. In this framework, they have successfully shown how the problems are often the same regardless of geographical and cultural distances. The solution to these problems is to be found primarily in the act of listening to the places and history of the local population; whether in the Alps or elsewhere, every good project based on a contemporary and conscious approach starts from there.

scholarly journals A lightweight shelter for the survivors after 2016 earthquake in Accumoli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Gueroui ◽  
Miklos Halada ◽  
Ehsan Fatehifar
Keyword(s):  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

AbstractOn August 24th, 2016, the town of Accumoli has suffered from a strong earthquake of 6.2 magnitudes, which caused a life loss, destroyed buildings, and huge numbers of homeless people. Now, four years after the earthquake, the village has not yet been reconstructed, no long-term housing has been provided for the inhabitants, and even the rubble of the destroyed houses has not been removed from the site. The significance of this paper is to provide some design scenarios for shelters using wood and membrane as construction materials, in order to provide housing in Accumoli for the existing population in a new site next to the destroyed one. These proposed design projects are part of the consortium of the “Scuola di Ricostruzione di Accumoli”.

Credit and social relations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Village Society ◽  
The Village

In the previous chapters, the dominant view of the creditor-debtor relationship was exploitative – where lenders capitalize on the dependence of the poor borrowers. In this view, the creditors profited while the debtors become poorer as a consequence of their borrowing. This chapter discusses the nature and consequences of the relationships between creditors and debtors, both for the individuals involved and the village society as a whole. It seeks to rebut the above-mentioned observations. In this chapter, it is assumed that the acquisitive behaviour of the lenders has limits and that the exploitative nature of the credit system has boundaries. Although the idea of debt as a malign force has a long tradition within the history of European agrarian societies, this chapter presents a rather different picture of the credit-debtor relationship during the medieval period. Undeniably, the creditors generally profited from the credit system. However, most credit relationships did not result in negative consequences for the borrower. In the villages studied in this chapter, most people who were involved in credit did not experience serious long-term economic problems or exploitation from the creditors. This scenario suggests that many of the borrowers during the period were relatively wealthy with almost the same economic characteristics as those of the lenders. It also established that debtors generally are lessors wherein they lease their parts of land to pay for their debts instead of formally pledging their lands as collateral.

Les Revenants, Tignes, and the Return of Post-war Modernisation

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Clark ◽  
Brian R. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Village ◽  
Trente Glorieuses

This chapter reads the French television hit Les Revenants (The Returned, Canal+, 2012-2015) as a parable of the uneasy legacy of France’s “Trente glorieuses,” the period of rapid economic growth that followed World War II. Situating the show’s fictional city and its story of failing dams in the history of the real dam that inspired it—the dam that displaced the village of Tignes in 1952—the chapter argues that Les Revenants encourages us to re-think the Trente glorieuses and its long-term effects and to ask both what became of the projects that defined these years and what has re-emerged from the shadows of their glories—from failing infrastructure and a police surveillance state to the environmental consequences now associated with the Anthropocene.

The Neo-Hindu Transformation of an Iowa Town

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Scott Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Photo Essay ◽  
The Town ◽  
The U.S

In 1975, Fairfield, Iowa became the de facto center of the Transcendental Meditation Movement in the U.S., to the dismay of many long-term residents of the town. In the following thirty-four years that the town and TM communities have coexisted, both have evolved and changed in ways that few could have anticipated. Fairfield is now a much more colorful, interesting, and prosperous community than its comparably sized neighbors. This photo essay provides an introductory overview of the as-yet-unwritten history of the Transcendental Meditation Movement in Iowa.

THE VILLAGE AS TERRITORY: ENCLOSING LOCALITY IN NORTHWEST ZAMBIA, 1950S TO 1990S

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
ACHIM VON OPPEN
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Settlement Schemes ◽  
Postcolonial States ◽  
The Village

Planned villagization is a recurrent feature in modern Africa. Apart from their official goals, which were missed in most cases, rural settlement schemes can be seen as attempts by colonial and postcolonial states to inscribe a new territorial order into the countryside. Taking a group of villages in northwest Zambia as an example, this article examines the process and impact of territorialization in a long-term and interactionist perspective. The result is a history of contestation about competing concepts of spatiality and sociality which opens new perspectives on the making of both locality and the nation state in Central Africa.

Thermal history of magmas; the low pressure reference point

1978 ◽  
Vol 288 (1355) ◽  
pp. 627-629 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Thermal Budget ◽  
History Of ◽  
Term Basis

A simple model of volcanic plumbing, which predicts that many observed mineralogical and geochemical features of basalts are products of near-surface fractional crystallization, also predicts that erupted lavas may be 100-250 °C cooler than the parental magma entering the magma chamber, as well as considerably reduced in mass. Observations of the energy of erupted lavas do not, therefore, form a useful reference point from which to attempt to reconstruct the thermal budget of the igneous process and provide only a lowest estimate of the rate at which thermal energy could be extracted from an active volcano on a long term basis.

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