HTD, high trace density seismic survey collects real data in the near offsets and tight spatial sampling in X, Y, Z and azimuthal domains for the purpose of determining accurate seismic attributes, elastic properties, and detailed geologic heterogeneities: Fasken C-Ranch and Mud City 3D survey, Permian Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Karr ◽  
Andrew Lewis ◽  
Ron Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Trace Density

Characterization of mass transport deposits using seismic attributes: Upper Leonard Formation, Permian Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. SK19-SK32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paritosh Bhatnagar ◽  
Sumit Verma ◽  
Ron Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Midland Basin ◽  
Basin Floor

The Permian Basin is a structurally complex sedimentary basin with an extensive history of tectonic deformation. As the basin evolved through time, sediments dispersed into the basin floor from surrounding carbonate platforms leading to various mass movements. One such mass movement is observed on a 3D seismic survey in the Upper Leonard interval (Lower Permian) of the Midland Basin that is characteristic of a mass transport deposit (MTD). The 350 ft thick MTD mapped in the study area is 5 mi wide, extends up to 14 mi basinward, and covers only the translational and compressional regime of the mass movement. A unique sedimentary feature, unlike those observed previously, is mapped and interpreted as gravity spreading. MTDs have been extensively studied in the Delaware Basin of Permian-aged strata; however, only a few works have been published on the geomorphological expression of MTDs using seismic and seismic attributes to delineate the shape, size, and anatomy of this subsurface feature. The MTD in the study area exhibits an array of features including slide, slump, basal shear surface, and MTD grooves. In cross section, the MTD is characterized as chaotic with semitransparent reflectors terminating laterally against a coherent package of seismic facies, or the lateral wall. Sobel filter-based coherence, structural curvature, dip magnitude, and dip azimuth attributes are used to map thrust faults within the discontinuous MTD. Kinematic evidence provided by the Upper Spraberry isopach suggests that this MTD was sourced north of the Midland Basin and deposited on the basin floor fairway. Slope strata are interpreted from well-log analysis showing MTD as a mixture of carbonates and siliciclastics with a moderate to high resistivity response.

scholarly journals Poisson impedance for lithology characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
A. V. Khitrenko ◽  
K. A. Groman ◽  
A. V. Lobusev
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Seismic Inversion ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Lateral Heterogeneity ◽  
Main Method

Tyumen formation is a formation with very considerably lateral heterogeneity. It influences on process of exploration oil and gas traps. No one can deny that seismic survey is a main method for prediction lateral heterogeneity. Nowadays, geoscientists can model different useful seismic attributes, apart from structural maps. Seismic inversion is most effective tool for transformation amplitude seismic data into elastic properties. However, sometimes result of seismic inversion is very hard to understand and analyze. In this work, authors will show additional methods for better understanding results of seismic inversion using Impedance Poisson. Area of research is located in the Western Siberia.

Assessing elastic properties of cracks in rock samples subjected to thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical damage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Clark ◽  
Tiziana Vanorio ◽  
Andrey Radostin ◽  
Vladimir Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Rock Physics ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Rock Samples

<p>An understanding of micro- and macrofracture behavior in low porosity rocks is pertinent to several areas of energy and environmental science such as petroleum production, carbon sequestration, and enhancement of technologies based on geothermal energy, etc. For example, the carbonate reservoirs in dolomitic or micritic formations with matrix porosities below 6% suggest the importance of fracture-augmented permeability in production. Similarly, hydrocarbons have been found on nearly every continent in tight basement rocks, all of which have little matrix porosity and their permeability therefore rely solely on hydraulic connectivity from fractures. For geothermal energy, various igneous and sedimentary rocks (granites, basalts, and limestones) are being exploited across the globe, with some of the lowest porosity and permeability. In all these cases, fractures are necessary to improve rock permeability and thermal exchange between the rock and working fluid, which can be enabled by hydraulic stimulation, as well as by secondary cracking due to extreme temperature gradients from the injection of cold water. The fracture geometry, density, and distribution all together control not only fluid and thermal transport in the rocks, but also their seismic attributes that can be used to extract information about the fractures. <br>In order to accurately interpret the seismo-acoustic data (usually, the velocities of compression and shear waves) reliable rock physics models are required. Here, we report the results of interpretation of such experimental data for both as-cored rock samples and those subjected to thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical damage (THCMD) in the laboratory. For interpretation, we use a convenient model of fractured rock in which fractures are represented as planar defects with decoupled shear and normal compliances. The application of such an approach makes it possible to assess and compare the elastic properties of fractures in the rocks before and after application of THCMD procedures. For the analyzed samples of granites, basalts, and limestones it has been found that for a significant portion of rocks, the ratio of normal-to-shear compliances of cracks significantly differ from the value typical of conventionally assumed penny-shape cracks. Furthermore, for some samples, this ratio appears to be noticeably different for fractures existing in the as-cored rock and arising in the same rock after THCMD procedures. These results indicate that damage to a rock typically changes its compliance ratio since the old and new cracks are likely to have different elastic properties. Our results are also consistent with the notion that a specific damage process occurring for a given microstructure will consistently create cracks with a particular set of elastic properties. The proposed methodology for assessment of elastic properties of cracks in rock samples subjected to thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical damage has given previously inaccessible useful information about the elastic properties of fractures and can be extended to interpretation of seismic attributes of rocks for a broad range of other applications.</p>

Automatic blind deconvolution with Toeplitz-structured sparse total least squares

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. V345-V357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Blind Deconvolution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Total Least Squares ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Generalized Cross Validation ◽  
Free Data

Given the noise-corrupted seismic recordings, blind deconvolution simultaneously solves for the reflectivity series and the wavelet. Blind deconvolution can be formulated as a fully perturbed linear regression model and solved by the total least-squares (TLS) algorithm. However, this algorithm performs poorly when the data matrix is a structured matrix and ill-conditioned. In blind deconvolution, the data matrix has a Toeplitz structure and is ill-conditioned. Accordingly, we develop a fully automatic single-channel blind-deconvolution algorithm to improve the performance of the TLS method. The proposed algorithm, called Toeplitz-structured sparse TLS, has no assumptions about the phase of the wavelet. However, it assumes that the reflectivity series is sparse. In addition, to reduce the model space and the number of unknowns, the algorithm benefits from the structural constraints on the data matrix. Our algorithm is an alternating minimization method and uses a generalized cross validation function to define the optimum regularization parameter automatically. Because the generalized cross validation function does not require any prior information about the noise level of the data, our approach is suitable for real-world applications. We validate the proposed technique using synthetic examples. In noise-free data, we achieve a near-optimal recovery of the wavelet and the reflectivity series. For noise-corrupted data with a moderate signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), we found that the algorithm successfully accounts for the noise in its model, resulting in a satisfactory performance. However, the results deteriorate as the S/N and the sparsity level of the data are decreased. We also successfully apply the algorithm to real data. The real-data examples come from 2D and 3D data sets of the Teapot Dome seismic survey.

Factors influencing fractures networks within Permian shale intervals in the Cooper Basin, South Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Abul Khair ◽  
Guillaume Backé ◽  
Rosalind King ◽  
Simon Holford ◽  
Mark Tingay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Positive Curvature ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Fracture Density ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Cooper Basin

The future success of both enhanced (engineered) geothermal systems and shale gas production is reliant on the development of reservoir stimulation strategies that suit the local geo-mechanical conditions of the prospects. The orientation and nature of the in-situ stress field and pre-existing natural fracture networks in the reservoir are among the critical parameters that will control the quality of the stimulation program. This study provides a detailed investigation into the nature and origin of natural fractures in the area covered by the Moomba–Big Lake 3D seismic survey, in the southwest termination of the Nappamerri Trough of the Cooper Basin. These fractures are imaged by both borehole image logs and complex multi-traces seismic attributes (e.g. dip-steered most positive curvature and dip-steered similarity), are pervasive throughout the cube, and exhibit a relatively consistent northwest–southeast orientation. Horizon extraction of the seismic attributes reveal a strong variation in the spatial distribution of the fractures. In the acreage of interest, fracture density is at its highest in the vicinity of faults and on top of tight antiforms. This study also suggests a good correlation between high fracture density and high gamma ray values. The correlation between high fracture density and shale content is somewhat counterintuitive, as shale is expected to have a higher tensile and compressive strengths at shallow depths and typically contain fewer fractures (Lin, 1983). At large depths, however—and due to sandstone diagenesis and cementation—shale has lower tensile and compressive strength than sandstone and is expected to be more fractured (Lin, 1983). A similar correlation has been noted in other Australian Basins (e.g. Northern Perth Basin). Diagenetic effects, pore pressure, stiffness, variations in tensile versus compressive strength of the shale and the sandstone may explain this disparity.

3D VSP migration by image point transform

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. S121-S130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin Cosma ◽  
Lucian Balu ◽  
Nicoleta Enescu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Inverse Transform ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Original Time ◽  
Downhole Measurements

The common characteristic of the seismic methods involving downhole measurements is the difficulty of designing surveys able to image the subsurface space evenly. Migration schemes for these layouts are sensitive to reconstruction artifacts. The defining property of the image point (IP) transform is its ability to accumulate amplitudes of curved reflection events appearing in time-distance profiles into approximately discoidal (or spherical in three dimensions) vicinities in the IP domain. Due to the reflected wavefields collapsing into such vicinities in the IP domain, the emphasizing of the reflectors consists of enhancing regions with higher amounts of accumulated amplitude. True-dip filtering can also easily be performed, even for reflectors appearing in the time-distance profiles as curved events due to their dip, source offset or variable velocity field. Reflecting interfaces aredefined as sets of linked piecewise planar-reflector elements rather than as collections of point diffractors. True reflectors fitting this description are enhanced by the IP transform while diffraction patterns, events produced by other wave types, multiples, and noise of any kind, tend to be suppressed. The inverse transform leads to filtered versions of time-distance profiles. An alternative to performing the inverse transform back to the original time-distance representation is computing 2D/3D migrated images directly from the transformed IP space. Although the 3D migration by IP transform is applicable to any seismic survey geometry, we focused on procedures for enhancing prestack migrated images obtained by sparse multioffset, multiazimuth vertical seismic profiling (VSP) surveys as typically performed for mining site characterization and mineral exploration. The real data used were collected within an extensive mining seismic investigation program performed in Canada.

Innovative high trace density design with broadband seismic data acquisition in the Cooper–Eromanga Basins, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
John Archer ◽  
Milos Delic ◽  
Frank Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Data Acquisition ◽  
Trace Density ◽  
Cooper Basin

Through a combination of innovative survey design, new technology and the introduction of novel operational techniques, the trace density of a 3D seismic survey in the Cooper Basin was increased from a baseline of 140 000 to 1 600 000 traces km–2, the bandwidth of the data was extended from four to six octaves, and the dataset was acquired in substantially the same time-frame and for the same cost as the baseline survey.

Application of three-dimensional kinematic imaging to analysis of seismic reflection data from the Nevada Test Site

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2187-2199
Author(s):  
Jing Wen ◽  
George A. McMechan
Keyword(s):  
Grid Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Reflector Surface ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Three-dimensional kinematic migration produces a “best-fit” migrated surface, in three-dimensions, of any chosen reflector. The data are the travel times of all observed reflections and diffractions produced by the reflector. Source/receiver configurations are arbitrary, but should be arranged to provide good spatial sampling of the reflector. Each observation contributes an ellipsoid containing all possible reflection points. From this family of ellipsoids, the optimal reflector surface (the envelope of the family) is estimated by use of a statistical imaging condition. The “best-fit” position and shape of the reflector surface is obtained by defining a regular (x, y) grid over the region of interest and estimating the reflector depth beneath each grid point from the distribution of ellipsoids that are present there. The imaging criterion is implemented at each grid point by convolution of a Gaussian with the vector of ellipsoid depths. The width of the Gaussian is chosen to correspond to the scale of the features one wishes to resolve in the image. For each grid point, the migrated image is located at the depth at which the convolution is a maximum. The algorithm is applied to both synthetic and real data. The synthetic data are constructed by ray tracing in a known structure. The real data are from a seismic survey at the Nevada Test Site; here, a reflector is imaged and interpreted as the surface of a high velocity Paleozoic dolomite that is overlain by low-velocity tuffs.

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