Cognitive assessment in elderly patients admitted to hospital: the relationship between the Abbreviated Mental Test and the Mini-Mental State Examination

We are developing whack-a-mole games for cognitive assessment. In prior research, we have shown that variants of the game assess cognitive speed and executive functioning (response inhibition), and can be used to screen for delirium in emergency departments. We have also found that whack-a-mole game performance is significantly correlated with overall Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. In this paper, we report the results of a study that assessed the relationship of our serious game for cognitive assessment with specific components of the MMSE. We found that game performance is correlated most strongly with the orientation to time items component of MMSE and that the combination of three elements of the MMSE (attention and calculation; orientation to time; repetition) accounted for almost half of the variance in game performance in our sample.

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Use of rating scales by consultant psychiatrists

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.16.6.329 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 329-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karl Rice ◽

Peter Donnelly

Keyword(s):

Mental State ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Mental Test ◽

Psychiatric Status ◽

Abbreviated Mental Test ◽

Learning Test ◽

State Examination ◽

Difficult Cases

The number and diversity of rating scales and tests of psychiatric status has increased dramatically in the last 20 to 30 years. Tests are in screening, e.g. for dementia the Mini Mental State Examination and the Abbreviated Mental Test; to aid clarification of the diagnosis in difficult cases, e.g. Walton-Black New Word Learning Test, to differentiate between depression and dementia; and in assessing severity of symptoms, e.g. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

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Brief cognitive screening of the elderly: a comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ)

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700034826 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 427-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

D. M. MacKenzie ◽

P. Copp ◽

R. J. Shaw ◽

G. M. Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Mental Status ◽

Mental State ◽

Test Scores ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Full Time ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Mental Test ◽

Abbreviated Mental Test ◽

State Examination

SynopsisOne hundred and fifty unselected elderly community subjects were assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ). The effects on cognitive test scores of potential confounding (non-cognitive) variables were evaluated. Sensitivities and specificities were: MMSE 80% and 98%; AMT 77% and 90%; and MSQ 70% and 89%. The MMSE identified significantly fewer false positives than the AMT and MSQ. The major effect of intelligence on cognitive test scores has previously been underestimated. Age, social class, sensitivity of hearing and history of stroke were also significantly correlated with cognitive test scores. Years of full time education and depression only affected the longer MMSE and CAMCOG. The MMSE (cut-off 20/21) can be recommended for routine screening. However, as scores are affected by variables other than cognitive function, particularly intelligence, further assessment of identified cases may fail to reveal significant functional impairment.

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The mental state examination

10.1093/med/9780199661701.003.0004 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cognitive State ◽

Mental Test ◽

State Of Mind ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

Abbreviated Mental Test ◽

State Examination ◽

Future Reference

The chapter outlines traditional categories used to capture the current condition of a patient’s state of mind such as appearance and behaviour, mood, speech, thought content, abnormal beliefs and experiences. It suggests questions to ask and how to organize the material. The chapter encourages a descriptive approach in which examples from the interview are recorded to help future reference and help other clinicians make judgements as to significance. Guidance is also given on examining the cognitive state and interpreting intelligence. Further advice is offered on examining the mental state in the elderly, particularly interpreting cognitive impairment using scales–the Addenbrookes’ Cognitive Examination, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Abbreviated Mental Test .

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Application of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Scale in Cognitive Assessment of Elderly Patients in a General Ward

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v5i3.2418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 153-157

Author(s):

Huiling Liu ◽

Cuiqing Liu ◽

Chuang Hu ◽

Xuling Li ◽

Yahui Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Mental State ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

General Ward ◽

P Value ◽

And Gender ◽

State Examination

Objective: To analyze the application of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale in cognitive assessment of elderly patients in a general ward. Methods: Elderly patients who underwent nephrosurgery and thoracic surgery between July 2015 to June 2019 were eligible for the study. A total of 713 patients enrolled and data were collected for the assessment of cognitive status. We analyzed the relationship between cognitive impairment, degree of cognitive impairment, age, and gender. Result: In the 713 cases of cognitive ability assessment by the MMSE, there was cognitive impairment in 21 (4.04%) male patients, and 10 (5.18%) female patients. In addition, the analysis of the correlation between cognitive impairment and gender showed a P value of 0.51, which was not statistically significant. In the participants age research, the average age of the patients in the cognitive normal group was 72.30±6.50 years old, and the average age of the patients in the cognitive impairment group was 78.61±6.90 years old. Their p value was <0.0001, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a correlation between cognitive impairment and age. Therefore, the MMSE helps detect cognitive impairment and potential safety hazards in elderly patients. It is convenient for medical staff to take corresponding measures in time to ensure the safety of the patients.

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Preoperative Cognitive Impairment as a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery for Degenerative Spinal Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1385

Author(s):

Hyung Cheol Kim ◽

Seong Bae An ◽

Hyeongseok Jeon ◽

Tae Woo Kim ◽

Jae Keun Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Operation Time ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Spinal Disease ◽

Degenerative Spinal Disease ◽

State Examination

Cognitive status has been reported to affect the peri-operative and post-operative outcomes of certain surgical procedures. This prospective study investigated the effect of preoperative cognitive impairment on the postoperative course of elderly patients (n = 122, >65 years), following spine surgery for degenerative spinal disease. Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, and blood analysis results were collected. Preoperative cognition was assessed using the mini-mental state examination, and patients were divided into three groups: normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment. Discharge destinations (p = 0.014) and postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (p = 0.037) significantly differed based on the cognitive status. Operation time (p = 0.049), white blood cell count (p = 0.022), platelet count (p = 0.013), the mini-mental state examination score (p = 0.033), and the Beck Depression Inventory score (p = 0.041) were significantly associated with the length of hospital stay. Our investigation demonstrated that improved understanding of preoperative cognitive status may be helpful in surgical decision-making and postoperative care of elderly patients with degenerative spinal disease.

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Educational bias in the assessment of severe dementia: Brazilian cutoffs for severe Mini-Mental State Examination

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20140002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 273-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

José Roberto Wajman ◽

Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira ◽

Rodrigo Rizek Schultz ◽

Sheilla de Medeiros Correia Marin ◽

Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Mental State ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Cognitive Responses ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Severe Dementia ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

State Examination

Cognitive assessment in advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is limited by the imprecision of most instruments. Objective: To determine objective cognitive responses in moderate and severe AD patients by way of the Severe Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), and to correlate performances with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Method: Consecutive outpatients in moderate and severe stages of AD (Clinical Dementia Rating 2.0 or 3.0) were evaluated and compared according to MMSE and SMMSE scores. Results: Overall 400 patients were included, 67.5% females, mean age 76.6±6.7 years-old. There was no significant impact of age or gender over MMSE or SMMSE scores. Mean schooling was 4.4±2.5 years, impacting SMMSE scores (p=0.008). Scores on MMSE and SMMSE were significantly correlated (F-ratio=690.6325, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The SMMSE is influenced by schooling, but not by age or gender, and is an accurate test for assessment of moderate and severe AD.

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