Effect of mercury vapour exposure on urinary excretion of calcium, zinc and copper: relationship to alterations in functional and structural integrity of the kidney

Background: The kidney has a remarkable capacity to concentrate mercury (Hg) and as such is a primary target organ when exposure to Hg occurs, and it is also an organ for Hg excretion. Objective: The present work aims to investigate the effect of occupational Hg vapour exposure on the urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and the possible association of this excretion to work duration as well as renal alterations. Methods: 83 non-smoker participants (36 referents, age: 35.69 / 9.5 years; 27 Hg vapour-exposed workers with 5 / 10 years work duration, age: 33.09 / 5.1 years; and 20 Hg vapour-exposed workers with] / 11 years work duration, age: 39.509 / 8.50 years) were included in the present study. Urinary levels of microalbumin (U-Malb) and retinol-binding protein (U-RBP) as well as cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity (U-GST) were measured to assess the glomerular and proximal tubular reabsorption functions as well as structural integrity of proximal tubules; respectively. In addition, blood Hg (B-Hg), serum levels of Hg (S-Hg) and Ca (S-Ca), and urinary levels of Hg (U-Hg), Ca (U-Ca), Zn (U-Zn), Cu (U-Cu) and creatinine (U-cr) were estimated. Results: In comparison to referents, all investigated parameters showed significant increase (except S-Ca and U-Zn/U-Cu ratio that significantly decreased among the workers as one group, S-Ca and U-Zn/U-Cu ratio that significantly and nonsignificantly decreased; respectively among workers with 5 / 10 years work duration, S-Ca and U-Zn/U-Cu ratio that significantly decreased among workers with] / 11 years work duration). In addition, B-Hg was nonsignificantly increased and S-Ca was significantly decreased; also, both U-Hg and U-Zn/U-Cu were nonsignificantly decreased among workers with] / 11 years work duration in comparison to those with 5 / 10 years work duration. Also, each of U-Hg, U-Ca, U-Zn and U-Cu was related to one another, while each of U-Ca, U-Zn and U-Cu was related to each of U-Malb, U-RBP and U-GST (except U-Zn was not related to U-GST). Conclusion: Hg vapour exposure leads to renal alterations which may parallel the change in proteinuria and enzymuria as well as the increased loss in urine of each of Ca, Zn and Cu. The urinary assessment of these metals may be used as a good indicator for renal dysfunction.

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Serum and Urinary Levels of Nitric Oxide and Uric Acid in Nigerian Children with Asthma

Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine ◽

10.51152/jbarbiomed.v7i1.215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Olatunbosun Arinola ◽

Temiloluwa Olaiya ◽

Victory Edem ◽

Sheu Rahamon

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Urinary Levels ◽

Children With Asthma ◽

Concomitant Reduction ◽

Study Methodology

Background: Asthma is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and an alteration in the levels of antioxidants activities in the lung and blood. The increased production of the superoxide anion radicals contributes to airway remodelling and disease severity. Physiologically, the effect of increased free radical generation is eliminated by corresponding activities of a network of antioxidants. Presently, there is the dearth of information on the steady-state concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid (UA) in children with asthma. The serum and urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma were thus determined in this study. Methodology: Fifty children consisting of 25 children with asthma and 25 age-matched apparently healthy children without asthma were enrolled into this study. Serum and urinary levels of NO and UA were determined using standard methods. Results: Serum levels of NO and UA were significantly higher while the urinary levels of NO and UA were significantly lower in children with asthma compared with the controls. There was no significant correlation between the serum ad urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma. Also, gender differences were not observed in the serum and urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma. Conclusion: Children with asthma have elevated serum levels of NO and UA accompanied with suboptimal urinary excretion. Therefore, children with asthma might benefit from routine renal function assessment owing to damages that can result from systemic accumulation of UA with concomitant reduction in its urinary excretion.

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Serum and urinary markers of early impairment of GFR in chronic kidney disease patients: diagnostic accuracy of urinary β-trace protein

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00507.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (6) ◽

pp. F1407-F1423 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Carlo Donadio

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽

Similar Accuracy ◽

Very High

The screening for chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients with impaired GFR needs the measurement of serum creatinine (SCr) or cystatin C (SCys). GFR can also be predicted from SCr or SCys with different formulas. The aim of this study, performed in a group of CKD patients with different levels of GFR, was to evaluate the possibility to select the patients with a GFR <90 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2by means of serum levels and urinary excretion of different low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWP), cystatin C (Cys), β2-microglobulin (β2M), retinol-binding protein (RBP), β-trace protein (BTP), and derived prediction equations for GFR. In the 295 CKD patients (137 women), at all stages of GFR impairment a very high correlation was found between GFR (99mTc-DTPA) and serum Cr, Cys, β2M, and BTP. All these serum markers showed a similar accuracy as indicators of different GFR impairments. RBP had the lowest correlation with GFR and was also significantly less accurate. The different prediction formulas derived from gender, anthropometric data and SCr or S-LMWP had a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of serum Cr, Cys, β2M, and BTP. Urinary albumin was inadequate as an indicator of any level of GFR impairment. Urinary excretion of Cys and β2M increased significantly only in patients with a GFR <30 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2, while urinary BTP increased already at GFR <90 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2. In this selected group of CKD patients, the positive predictive value of urinary BTP for a GFR <90 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2was 85%, indicating that, in CKD patients, a urine-based test can predict a slight GFR impairment.

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ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF α-1-MICROGLOBULIN, β-2-MICROGLOBULIN, AND RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN IN THE FETAL BLOOD. A METHOD FOR PRENATAL EVALUATION OF RENAL FUNCTION

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199604)16:4<299::aid-pd844>3.0.co;2-n ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 299-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

G. COBET ◽

T. GUMMELT ◽

R. BOLLMANN ◽

C. TENNSTEDT ◽

B. BRUX

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Fetal Blood

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Secretion and activity of histamine and serotonin during cold adaptation

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.204.3.520 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 204 (3) ◽

pp. 520-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jacques Leblanc

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Cold Adaptation ◽

Cardiovascular Response ◽

Blood Pressure Response ◽

Abdominal Skin ◽

Normal Limits ◽

Urinary Levels ◽

Normal Sensitivity

The urinary excretion of histamine was found to rise rapidly in rats exposed to cold (6 C). A sevenfold increase above normal is maintained during the 1st month of exposure, but during the 2nd month a decline from these high values is observed, and after 1 year the urine histamine is within normal limits. Similarly, a marked increase in the number of mast cells in the abdominal skin is observed during the first 2 months of cold exposure with a return to initial values by the 4th month. The blood pressure response to intravenous histamine is decreased during the 1st month of cold adaptation but after 1 year in the cold normal sensitivity to histamine is re-established. The excretion of 5-hydroxytryptamine is also rapidly increased during cold adaptation but no decline with time was observed. These findings obtained with histamine are compared with those found previously with noradrenaline. Whereas the urinary levels of these amines show similar variations during cold adaptation, the cardiovascular response differs. The sensitivity to histamine is decreased with increased excretion and the response to noradrenaline increased with increased secretion.

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The Effect of the Excretion of Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate on the Serum Levels of These Substances in Newborns Who Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-244271/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Osman Baştuğ ◽

Bahadır İnan ◽

Ahmet Özdemir ◽

Binnaz Çelik ◽

Funda Baştuğ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Electrolyte Disturbances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abstract Background: Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyperphosphatemia are common electrolyte disturbances in perinatal asphyxia(PA). Different reasons have been proposed for these electrolyte disturbances. This study investigated the effect of the urinary excretion of calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), and phosphorus(P) on the serum levels of these substances in babies who were treated using therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HİE) caused by PA. This study sheds light on the pathophysiology that may cause changes in the serum values of these electrolytes.Method: This study included 21 healthy newborns(control group) and 38 patients(HİE group) who had undergone therapeutic hypothermia due to HİE. Only infants with a gestational age of 36 weeks and above and a birth weight of 2000 g and above were evaluated. The urine and serum Ca, Mg, P, and creatinine levels of all infants were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hours.Results: The lower serum Ca value and the higher serum P value of the HİE group were found to be statistically significant compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in serum Mg values between the groups. However, hypomagnesemia was detected in five patients from the HİE group. The urine excretions of these substances, which were checked at different times, were found to be significantly higher in the HİE group compared to the control group.Conclusion: This study determined that the urinary excretion of Ca, Mg, and P has an effect on the serum Ca, Mg, and P levels of infants with HİE.

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Correlation of crevicular fluid and serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and leptin in chronic periodontitis and obesity

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-016-2025-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2319-2325 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dharmendra Kanoriya ◽

A R Pradeep ◽

A Mallika ◽

Sandeep Singhal ◽

Vibhuti Garg

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Urinary excretion of digoxin-like immunoreactive factor and arginine-vasopressin in hyper- and hypo-thyroid rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0810471 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 81 (s25) ◽

pp. 471-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Felix Vargas ◽

Maria J. Baz ◽

Juan de D. Luna ◽

Jesus Andrade ◽

Esteban Jodar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Water Deprivation ◽

Water Metabolism ◽

Rat Urine ◽

Urinary Levels ◽

Vasopressin Secretion ◽

Response To Water ◽

Osmotic Stimuli

1. Urinary excretion of digoxin-like immunoreactive factor and arginine-vasopressin and other parameters related to salt and water metabolism were studied in hyper- and hypo-thyroid rats after different tests. 2. Urinary excretion of arginine-vasopressin was increased in hyperthyroid and reduced in hypothyroid rats with respect to controls, in response to water deprivation or a hypertonic saline load. 3. Control and hypothyroid rats showed the highest urinary excretion of digoxin-like immunoreactive factor after a hypertonic saline load. However, hyperthyroid rats had the highest urinary levels of digoxin-like immunoreactive factor under normal conditions. 4. From these results it is suggested that: (a) hyper- and hypo-thyroid rats exhibit hyper- and hypo-responsiveness of arginine-vasopressin secretion to osmotic stimuli, respectively; (b) an unidentified digoxin-like immunoreactive factor measured in unextracted rat urine may be related to diuresis and natriuresis in control and hypothyroid rats; however, dissociation between this factor and natriuresis is observed in hyperthyroid rats.

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