Serum and Urinary Levels of Nitric Oxide and Uric Acid in Nigerian Children with Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Olatunbosun Arinola ◽  
Temiloluwa Olaiya ◽  
Victory Edem ◽  
Sheu Rahamon

Background: Asthma is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and an alteration in the levels of antioxidants activities in the lung and blood. The increased production of the superoxide anion radicals contributes to airway remodelling and disease severity. Physiologically, the effect of increased free radical generation is eliminated by corresponding activities of a network of antioxidants. Presently, there is the dearth of information on the steady-state concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid (UA) in children with asthma. The serum and urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma were thus determined in this study. Methodology: Fifty children consisting of 25 children with asthma and 25 age-matched apparently healthy children without asthma were enrolled into this study. Serum and urinary levels of NO and UA were determined using standard methods. Results: Serum levels of NO and UA were significantly higher while the urinary levels of NO and UA were significantly lower in children with asthma compared with the controls. There was no significant correlation between the serum ad urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma. Also, gender differences were not observed in the serum and urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma. Conclusion: Children with asthma have elevated serum levels of NO and UA accompanied with suboptimal urinary excretion. Therefore, children with asthma might benefit from routine renal function assessment owing to damages that can result from systemic accumulation of UA with concomitant reduction in its urinary excretion.

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Lund ◽  
Peter Claes Eskildsen ◽  
Birger Lund ◽  
Anthony W. Norman ◽  
Ole Helmer Sørensen

Abstract. Acromegalic subjects were found to have elevated serum levels of both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), (67 ± 22 (sd) pg/ml) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D), (6.9 ± 1.5 (sd) ng/ml). The serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D correlated positively (P < 0.02, R = 0.56) to the 24 h urinary excretion of growth hormone, but not to the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, prolactin, thyroid hormones or the urinary excretion of free cortisol. Fourteen patients were treated with bromocriptine at doses from 15–45 mg/day for a period of about 6 months. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the urinary excretion of growth hormone and calcium and in the serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and 24,25-(OH)2D. A relationship was demonstrated between the decrease in urinary calcium excretion and the decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D (P < 0.02, R = 0.64). It is concluded that the serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D is elevated in acromegaly, perhaps as a consequence of a direct action of growth hormone on the renal lα-hydroxylase activity.


2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AM EL-Safty ◽  
Mohsen Gadallah ◽  
Ahmed Shafik ◽  
Ahmed E Shouman

Background: The kidney has a remarkable capacity to concentrate mercury (Hg) and as such is a primary target organ when exposure to Hg occurs, and it is also an organ for Hg excretion. Objective: The present work aims to investigate the effect of occupational Hg vapour exposure on the urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and the possible association of this excretion to work duration as well as renal alterations. Methods: 83 non-smoker participants (36 referents, age: 35.69 / 9.5 years; 27 Hg vapour-exposed workers with 5 / 10 years work duration, age: 33.09 / 5.1 years; and 20 Hg vapour-exposed workers with] / 11 years work duration, age: 39.509 / 8.50 years) were included in the present study. Urinary levels of microalbumin (U-Malb) and retinol-binding protein (U-RBP) as well as cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity (U-GST) were measured to assess the glomerular and proximal tubular reabsorption functions as well as structural integrity of proximal tubules; respectively. In addition, blood Hg (B-Hg), serum levels of Hg (S-Hg) and Ca (S-Ca), and urinary levels of Hg (U-Hg), Ca (U-Ca), Zn (U-Zn), Cu (U-Cu) and creatinine (U-cr) were estimated. Results: In comparison to referents, all investigated parameters showed significant increase (except S-Ca and U-Zn/U-Cu ratio that significantly decreased among the workers as one group, S-Ca and U-Zn/U-Cu ratio that significantly and nonsignificantly decreased; respectively among workers with 5 / 10 years work duration, S-Ca and U-Zn/U-Cu ratio that significantly decreased among workers with] / 11 years work duration). In addition, B-Hg was nonsignificantly increased and S-Ca was significantly decreased; also, both U-Hg and U-Zn/U-Cu were nonsignificantly decreased among workers with] / 11 years work duration in comparison to those with 5 / 10 years work duration. Also, each of U-Hg, U-Ca, U-Zn and U-Cu was related to one another, while each of U-Ca, U-Zn and U-Cu was related to each of U-Malb, U-RBP and U-GST (except U-Zn was not related to U-GST). Conclusion: Hg vapour exposure leads to renal alterations which may parallel the change in proteinuria and enzymuria as well as the increased loss in urine of each of Ca, Zn and Cu. The urinary assessment of these metals may be used as a good indicator for renal dysfunction.


Author(s):  
А.А. Тиньков ◽  
О.П. Айсувакова ◽  
М.Г. Скальная ◽  
М.Ю. Карганов ◽  
S. J.-S. Chang ◽  
...  

Введение. Нарушения металлолигандного гомеостаза патогенетически связаны с развитием ожирения. Несмотря на то, что обмен железа при ожирении изучен достаточно детальноно, данные касающиеся обмена других металлов недостаточны. Цель исследования -- изучение содержания кобальта, железа, меди и марганца в сыворотке крови, моче и волосах пациентов с ожирением в зависимости от наличия у них артериальной гипертонии. Методика. Обследованы 395 лиц обоего пола: 196 с ожирением и 199 с нормальной массой тела. На основании данных амбулаторных карт среди обследуемых пациентов с ожирением артериальная гипертония была диагностирована у 43%, атеросклероз у 9% и нарушение толерантности к глюкозе и/или сахарный диабет 2 типа -- 11%. Анализ содержания кобальта (Co), железа (Fe), меди (Cu) и марганца (Mn) в волосах, сыворотке крови и моче проводили с использованием масс-спектрометра с индуктивно-связанной плазмой NexION 300D (PerkinElmer Inc., США) оснащенном ESI SC-2 DX4 autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., США). Калибровка ICP-DRC-MS системы проводилась с использованием растворов металлов, приготовленных на основе Universal Data Acquisition Standards Kit (PerkinElmer Inc., США). Внутренняя стандартизация проводилась с использованием растворов иттрия и родия 10 мг/л Pure Single-Element Standard (PerkinElmer Inc., США). Контроль качества проводился с использованием референтных образцов волос (GBW09101, SINR, Китай), сыворотки и мочи (ClinChek Plasma/Urine Control, Recipe, Германия). Результаты. Установлено, что в сыворотке крови пациентов с ожирением концентрация Co и Fe снижалась статистически значимо на 32% и 12% соответственно. Уровень Cu и Mn превышал соответствующие контрольные значения на 12% и 4%. Содержание Co, Cu и Mn в волосах обследуемых пациентов с ожирением было ниже контроля на 16%, 8% и 20%, соответственно. Отмечалось статистически значимое увеличение содержания железа в волосах на 55% по сравнению с контролем. Концентрация Co и Fe в моче пациентов с ожирением была соответственно ниже на 34% и выше на 25% относительно контрольных значений. При этом у пациентов с ожирением и гипертонией обнаруживалось статистически значимое повышение концентрации меди в сыворотке крови (на 9%), кобальта в моче (на 69%), а также содержания марганца в волосах (на 69%) по сравнению с соответствующими показателями у пациентов с ожирением без гипертонии. Заключение. Можно предположить, что дисбаланс металлов в организме вносит вклад в формирование ожирение-ассоциированных патологий, в том числе в развитие артериальной гипертензии. Background. Disorders of the metal-ligand homeostasis are pathogenetically associated with obesity. Although impaired iron metabolism in obesity is relatively well studied information about other essential metals is insufficient. Objective. The objective of the study was to assess serum, urine, and hair levels of cobalt, iron, copper, and manganese in obese subjects in relation to the presence of hypertension. Methods. 396 adults with obesity (n = 196) and normal weight (n = 199) were examined. Based on clinical records of the patients with obesity, 43% of them had arterial hypertension, 9% had atherosclerosis, and 11% had impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measurements of hair, serum, and urinary levels of cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were performed using a NexIOD 300D inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometer (PerkinElmer Inc., USA) equipped with an ESI SC-2 DX4 autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., USA). The ICP-DRC-MS system was calibrated with metal solutions prepared with a Universal Data Acquisition Standards Kit (PerkinElmer Inc., USA). Pure Single-Element Standard yttrium and rhodium solutions (10 mg/l) (PerkinElmer Inc., USA) were used as internal standards. Reference samples of hair (GBW09101, SINR, China), serum, and urine (ClinChek Plasma/Urine Control, Recipe, Germany) were used for quality control. Results. Serum levels of Co and Fe were statistically significantly 32% and 12%, respectively, lower in obese patients than in normal-weight controls. Serum concentrations of Cu and Mn in obese patients exceeded the control values by 12% and 4%, respectively. Hair contents of Co, Cu, and Mn in obese subjects were 16%, 8%, and 20%, respectively, lower as compared to the respective control values. Hair Fe in obesity was 55% elevated compared to normal-weight values. Urinary Co and Fe in obese subjects were 34% lower and 25% higher, respectively, than in healthy controls. At the same time, patients with obesity and hypertension had elevated serum Cu, urinary Co, and hair Mn compared to obese normotensive subjects. Conclusion. The impaired metal homeostasis may contribute to the development of obesity-associated disorders including hypertension.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Li ◽  
Juanjuan Chen ◽  
Yuanhui Hu ◽  
Xin Cai ◽  
Pingan Zhang

Objective: To analyze the serum complement C1q levels in children with sepsis, and explore the suggestive effect of serum C1q levels on the condition of children with sepsis.Methods: The clinical and laboratory data of children with sepsis (n = 95) and healthy children (n = 71) in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2019 to October 2019 were collected, and each index of the two groups was compared. Then we divided children with sepsis into three subgroups based on the Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS): non-critical group, critical group, and extremely critical group. The serum C1q and PCT levels of the three subgroups were analyzed, and the correlation analysis was carried out between the levels of serum C1q and PCT levels as well as PCIS among children with sepsis. Finally, we analyzed the serum C1q levels of septic children infected by different pathogens.Results: The serum C1q levels of children with sepsis were significantly higher than those of healthy children (median 198.4 vs. 186.2 mg/L, P &lt; 0.001). In the analysis of subgroups, the serum C1q levels of non-critical group, critical group, and extremely critical group septic children were 182.80 (166.75, 195.85) mg/L, 219.90 (209.10, 246.40) mg/L and 249.95 (239.10, 272.25) mg/L, respectively, which were correlated with the severity of the disease. At the same time, we also found that serum C1q in children with sepsis was positively correlated with PCT levels (r = 0.5982, P &lt; 0.001), and negatively correlated with PCIS score (r = −0.6607, P &lt; 0.001). The serum C1q levels of septic children with bacterial infections, mycoplasma infections, viral infections, and co-infection were higher than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The serum levels of C1q in children with sepsis were increased and related to the severity of sepsis, suggesting that C1q may be involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis, which had reference value for the preliminary diagnosis and severity classification of sepsis.


2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Goretti M. G. Penido ◽  
José Silvério S. Diniz ◽  
Milena Maria Moreira Guimarães ◽  
Rodrigo Barbosa Cardoso ◽  
Marcelo F. de O. Souto ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Galler ◽  
Götz Gelbrich ◽  
Jürgen Kratzsch ◽  
Nicole Noack ◽  
Thomas Kapellen ◽  
...  

Objective: Adiponectin plays an important role in pathophysiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine adiponectin concentrations in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a longitudinal manner and to study the impact of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and metabolic control. Research design and methods: In this study, 88 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were followed longitudinally. At baseline and during follow-up, serum levels of adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and correlated with clinical data, HbA1c and lipids. Healthy children (n = 259) were chosen as a control group. Results: Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in children with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy children (13.1 vs 9.1 μg/ml at baseline, P < 0.001). Adiponectin concentrations inversely correlated with BMI s.d.s (P < 0.001). No significant difference of adiponectin levels regarding gender, diabetes duration or HbA1c was seen. Adiponectin concentrations decreased in males with type 1 diabetes during puberty (P = 0.03) while there was no significant change in females. In a subgroup of patients with new onset type 1 diabetes, adiponectin concentrations were not different from adiponectin levels in control subjects but increased during follow-up (P = 0.007). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that most important predictors of adiponectin levels in type 1 diabetes at the end of the study were adiponectin concentration at baseline (β = 0.574, P < 0.001) and BMI s.d.s (β = −0.302, P = 0.001, r2 = 0.56). Conclusions: Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have BMI-dependent elevated serum concentrations of adiponectin compared with healthy children.


Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadah Albasher ◽  
Rafa Almeer ◽  
Fatimah O. Al-Otibi ◽  
Noorah Al-Kubaisi ◽  
Ayman M. Mahmoud

Exposure to organophosphorus insecticides causes several health problems to animals and humans. Red beetroot (RBR) is rich in antioxidant ingredients and possesses a promising hepatoprotective activity. This study evaluated the potential of RBR extract to prevent chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced liver injury, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Rats received 10 mg/kg CPF and were treated with 300 mg/kg RBR extract for 28 days. CPF caused liver injury evidenced by elevated serum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, along with several histological alterations. Hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in CPF-intoxicated rats. RBR prevented CPF-induced histological alterations, and ameliorated liver function, LPO, NO, iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RBR boosted glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, and increased Nrf2 expression. In addition, RBR diminished Bax and caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, RBR prevented CPF-induced liver injury via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. RBR enhanced antioxidant defenses, suggesting that it could be used as a potential therapeutic intervention to minimize CPF hepatotoxicity.


1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Mosekilde ◽  
Merete Sanvig Christensen

ABSTRACT Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (S-iPTH) was measured together with serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus in 45 hyperthyroid patients in order to assess parathyroid function. Serum calcium and phosphorus were increased and positively correlated to the degree of hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hypercalcaemia was 51.1 % using serum calcium values corrected for individual variations in serum albumin concentration compared to 15.6% using the uncorrected calcium values. S-iPTH was decreased and inversely correlated to serum calcium (corrected). Subnormal levels of S-iPTH were found in 28.9 % of the patients. The urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus was increased and positively correlated to the degree of hyperthyroidism. The tubular reabsorption of calcium (TRCa %) was decreased, positively correlated to S-iPTH and inversely correlated to serum calcium. Increased mobilisation of bone mineral in hyperthyroidism is suggested mainly to be responsible for the elevated serum levels and increased urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus and for the decreased parathyroid function.


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