scholarly journals Delirium: the role of psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Mental Disturbance ◽  
Psychotropic Agents ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

Acute mental disturbance associated with physical illness is well described in early medical literature, but it was not until 1 AD that Celsus coined the term ‘delirium’ (Lindesay, 1999). Although delirium has many synonyms that are applied in particular clinical settings (Box 1), all acute disturbances of global cognitive functioning are now recognised as ‘delirium’, a consensus supported by both ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) and DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification systems. Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that typically involves a plethora of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms, resulting in a broad differential diagnosis dominated by mental disorders. Psychiatrists' skills in assessing cognitive function and psychopathology, coupled with their knowledge of psychotropic agents, make them well suited to improving detection, coordinating management and facilitating research into this understudied disorder.

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Veale
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

The DSM–IV classification of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) refers to an individual's preoccupation with an ‘imagined’ defect in his or her appearance or markedly excessive concern with a slight physical anomaly (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). An Italian psychiatrist, Morselli, first used the term ‘dysmorphophobia’ in 1886, although it is now falling into disuse, probably because ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) has discarded it, subsuming the condition under hypochondriacal disorder.

scholarly journals Implications of Historical Evidence for the Classification of Eating Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Li. Parry-Jones ◽  
Brenda Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Clinical Detail ◽  
Health Organization

Successive editions of the ICD and DSM classification systems have exercised a major influence over contemporary diagnostic practice and perceptions of the form and structure of disorders. Periodic revision has been based on clinical and epidemiological research, and minimal attention has been given to any possible contribution from historical evidence. To test the potential value of such evidence, the historical manifestations of four eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, rumination and pica) were considered in relation to the clinical descriptions and diagnostic criteria of DSM–III–R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992). For each disorder, evidence is presented of continuities and discontinuities with the phenomena recognised currently. Instances of symptom overlap between disorders and the implications of the historical findings for some current classificatory issues are discussed. When spread over several centuries, case numbers remain relatively small, the amount of clinical detail is highly variable, and temporal distribution is uneven. The conclusions that can be drawn, therefore, are necessarily somewhat tentative and subjective.

scholarly journals The need for a category of ‘religious and spiritual problems’ in ICD-11

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Khalid Abdul-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spiritual Problems ◽  
International Advisory ◽  
Icd Coding

The World Health Organization's International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders is currently working on the development of ICD-11 (World Health Organization, 2007). A more responsive ICD coding system should incorporate recent work which suggests that the religious and spiritual domain is important for a comprehensive, culturally sensitive diagnosis and management plan (e.g. Sims, 1992, 2004; Koenig et al, 2008). A ‘religious or spiritual problems’ category, similar to that in DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), should be included in ICD-11.

scholarly journals Disability as a ‘New’ Global Social Theme: The Role of International Organizations in an Expanding Global Policy Field

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-230
Author(s):  
Johannes Schuster ◽  
Nina Kolleck
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Organizational Field ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Medical Classification ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractDisability as a global social policy issue has gained increasing importance during recent decades, partly due to a shift in conceptualization from a medical to a social perspective on disability. This new relevance has led to the emergence of a global organizational field around the topic, with a high involvement of International Organizations (IOs). In order to investigate the population of IOs in the field, this chapter identifies influential actors, relates them to the main discourses, and maps their relations. It can be seen that agencies of the United Nations have become the key actors in promoting the rights-based social perspective and the monitoring of the implementation of disability rights. In contrast, the World Health Organization is still the leading organization in the provision of medical classification systems. Overall, it can be noted that the organizational field leaves space for IOs to influence the direction of global and national disability policy.

scholarly journals Dhat Syndrome: A Review of the World Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Ahmad Malla ◽  
Nasir Mohammad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
Health Organization

Dhat syndrome is described as a culture bound syndrome (CBS). There is an ongoing debate on the nosological status of CBS. Dhat syndrome has been found to be prevalent in different geographical regions of the world. It has been described in literature from China, Europe, Americas, and Russia at different points of time in history. Mention of semen as a “soul substance” could be found in the works of Galen and Aristotle who have explained the physical and psychological features associated with its loss. However, the current classification systems such as International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions‑10 (ICD‑10) (World Health Organization (WHO)) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)‑IV‑TR (American Psychiatric Association) do not give guidelines to diagnose these culture‑bound conditions in the main text. The revisions of these two most commonly used nosological systems (the ICD and DSM) are due in near future. The status of this condition in these upcoming revisions is likely to have important implications. The article reviews the existing literature on dhat syndrome.

The role of neurosurgery in the treatment of cerebral metastases from choriocarcinoma: a report of two cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
P. L. Semple ◽  
L. Denny ◽  
M. Coughlan ◽  
R. Soeters ◽  
L. Van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Cerebral Metastases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Figo Classification

Cerebral metastases from choriocarcinoma are a poor prognostic indicator of outcome in both the World Health Organization and FIGO classification systems. However, with the increased experience with chemotherapy and radiotherapy the prognosis of this group of patients has improved substantially. Neurosurgery remains an option for selected patients. We present two patients who underwent craniotomy as part of their management of choriocarcinoma, and review the role of neurosurgery in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Screening, Assessment und Diagnostik von Delirien

Pflege ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hasemann ◽  
Reto W. Kressig ◽  
Doris Ermini-Fünfschilling ◽  
Mena Pretto ◽  
Rebecca Spirig
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Confusion Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Confusion Assessment ◽  
Internationale Klassifikation Der Krankheiten ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

Ein Delir ist eine akute Verschlechterung der Aufmerksamkeit und Kognition. Für die Diagnosestellung stehen zwei Klassifikationssysteme zur Verfügung: Das Diagnostische und Statistische Manual Psychischer Störungen (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) und die Internationale Klassifikation der Krankheiten (ICD) (World Health Organization, 2006). Während sich die Kernsymptome beider Klassifikationssysteme ähneln, bedarf es für die Diagnose des Delirs nach ICD-10 zusätzlicher Kriterien: Psychomotorischer Störungen, Störungen des Schlaf-Wach-Zyklus und affektiver Störungen. Daher gilt die Diagnosestellung nach ICD als strengeres Verfahren. In Abhängigkeit der untersuchten Population werden bis zu 60% der Delirien, die mittels DSM-IV Kriterien festgestellt wurden, verpasst. Für die klinische Praxis stehen zahlreiche Screening- und Assessmentinstrumente zur Verfügung. In der Regel basieren diese auf den DSM-Kriterien. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Instrumente vorgestellt, welche Pflegefachpersonen im Rahmen des Basler Delirmanagementprogramms des Universitätsspitals Basel, Schweiz, einsetzen. Das Screening erfolgt mittels der von Schuurmans (2001) entwickelten Delir-Beobachtungs-Screening-Skala (Delirium Observatie Screening Schaal, DOS), das Assessment mittels der von Inouye, van Dyck, Alessi, Balkin, Siegal und Horwitz (1990) entwickelten Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Während die DOS ein reines Beobachtungsinstrument ist, benötigt die CAM ein strukturiertes Interview, klassischerweise (z.B.) den Minimentalstatus nach Folstein, Folstein und McHugh (1975). Beide Instrumente wurden mittels wissenschaftlicher Kriterien ins Deutsche übersetzt. Dieser Artikel stellt die übersetzten Versionen von DOS und CAM vor, diskutiert ihren Einsatz in einer Schweizer Risikogruppe für Delir und liefert den theoretischen Hintergrund der Diagnosestellung eines Delirs auf den Grundlagen von DSM-IV und ICD-10.

scholarly journals Adjustment disorders: Fault line in the psychiatric glossary

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Casey ◽  
Christopher Dowrick ◽  
Greg Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Concept ◽  
Research And Policy

Adjustment disorder entered the DSM–II nomenclature in 1968 and was recognized in ICD–9 in 1978. Before then the term ‘transient situational disturbance’ was applied to such conditions. The addition of adjustment disorder to the ICD classification was in response to the confusion generated by the older concepts of reactive and endogenous depression. Both DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) retain the category of adjustment disorder, which has utility as a clinical concept. However, it has been eclipsed by the focus on mood disorder among research and policy-makers. A consequence of this is the danger of exaggerating the need for expensive and sometimes unpredictable mental health interventions in those whose problems are likely to resolve spontaneously.

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of personality

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
State Diagnosis ◽  
Level Of Agreement

The importance of personality is recognised tacitly by the development of the multiaxial classifications of ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) and DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1993). The separation of axis 1 or current mental state diagnosis from axis 2, on which personality is described, is a recognition that personality is separate from other aspects of the patient's diagnostic status. Nevertheless, many clinicians are sceptical that personality can be assessed reliably and some hold that the diagnosis should be abandoned as being merely judgemental and pejorative (Lewis & Appleby, 1988). There is some basis for scepticism in respect of reliability in view of the evidence that even with operational criteria the clinical assessment of personality is not transportable, and the level of agreement between practising clinicians is much less than that achieved during field trials (Mellsop et al, 1982).

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