scholarly journals Clinical assessment of personality

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
State Diagnosis ◽  
Level Of Agreement

The importance of personality is recognised tacitly by the development of the multiaxial classifications of ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) and DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1993). The separation of axis 1 or current mental state diagnosis from axis 2, on which personality is described, is a recognition that personality is separate from other aspects of the patient's diagnostic status. Nevertheless, many clinicians are sceptical that personality can be assessed reliably and some hold that the diagnosis should be abandoned as being merely judgemental and pejorative (Lewis & Appleby, 1988). There is some basis for scepticism in respect of reliability in view of the evidence that even with operational criteria the clinical assessment of personality is not transportable, and the level of agreement between practising clinicians is much less than that achieved during field trials (Mellsop et al, 1982).

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Veale
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

The DSM–IV classification of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) refers to an individual's preoccupation with an ‘imagined’ defect in his or her appearance or markedly excessive concern with a slight physical anomaly (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). An Italian psychiatrist, Morselli, first used the term ‘dysmorphophobia’ in 1886, although it is now falling into disuse, probably because ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) has discarded it, subsuming the condition under hypochondriacal disorder.

Screening, Assessment und Diagnostik von Delirien

Pflege ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hasemann ◽  
Reto W. Kressig ◽  
Doris Ermini-Fünfschilling ◽  
Mena Pretto ◽  
Rebecca Spirig
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Confusion Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Confusion Assessment ◽  
Internationale Klassifikation Der Krankheiten ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

Ein Delir ist eine akute Verschlechterung der Aufmerksamkeit und Kognition. Für die Diagnosestellung stehen zwei Klassifikationssysteme zur Verfügung: Das Diagnostische und Statistische Manual Psychischer Störungen (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) und die Internationale Klassifikation der Krankheiten (ICD) (World Health Organization, 2006). Während sich die Kernsymptome beider Klassifikationssysteme ähneln, bedarf es für die Diagnose des Delirs nach ICD-10 zusätzlicher Kriterien: Psychomotorischer Störungen, Störungen des Schlaf-Wach-Zyklus und affektiver Störungen. Daher gilt die Diagnosestellung nach ICD als strengeres Verfahren. In Abhängigkeit der untersuchten Population werden bis zu 60% der Delirien, die mittels DSM-IV Kriterien festgestellt wurden, verpasst. Für die klinische Praxis stehen zahlreiche Screening- und Assessmentinstrumente zur Verfügung. In der Regel basieren diese auf den DSM-Kriterien. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Instrumente vorgestellt, welche Pflegefachpersonen im Rahmen des Basler Delirmanagementprogramms des Universitätsspitals Basel, Schweiz, einsetzen. Das Screening erfolgt mittels der von Schuurmans (2001) entwickelten Delir-Beobachtungs-Screening-Skala (Delirium Observatie Screening Schaal, DOS), das Assessment mittels der von Inouye, van Dyck, Alessi, Balkin, Siegal und Horwitz (1990) entwickelten Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Während die DOS ein reines Beobachtungsinstrument ist, benötigt die CAM ein strukturiertes Interview, klassischerweise (z.B.) den Minimentalstatus nach Folstein, Folstein und McHugh (1975). Beide Instrumente wurden mittels wissenschaftlicher Kriterien ins Deutsche übersetzt. Dieser Artikel stellt die übersetzten Versionen von DOS und CAM vor, diskutiert ihren Einsatz in einer Schweizer Risikogruppe für Delir und liefert den theoretischen Hintergrund der Diagnosestellung eines Delirs auf den Grundlagen von DSM-IV und ICD-10.

Delirium

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research World

The etymology of delirium is highly expressive: it comes from the Latin de, meaning down or away from, and lira, a furrow or track in the fields; that is, to be off the track. The precise features of the syndrome have been specified in DSM-111-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and in the Draft ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (World Health Organization, 1990).

The Inter-Rater and Test-Retest Reliabilities of Prodromal Symptoms in First-Episode Psychosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Jackson ◽  
Patrick D. McGorry ◽  
Susan Harrigan ◽  
Jenepher Dakis ◽  
Lisa Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: As part of the DSM-IV field trial for psychotic disorders, the authors endeavoured to determine the reliability of the DSM-IV prodromal features for schizophrenia in a first-episode sample. Method: Fifty first-episode psychotic patients were assessed using a semi-structured instrument to determine the presence/absence of nine prodromal symptoms. Inter-rater reliability data were calculated for 25 of the patients, and test-retest data were calculated for the remaining 25 patients. Results: Levels of reliability were poor. Conclusions: The results lend some support to American Psychiatric Association and World Health Organization decisions to omit specific criteria for prodromal features from their respective nosologies.

Psychotic Disorders in ICD-11

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zielasek ◽  
H.-R. Cleveland ◽  
W. Gaebel
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Specific Working

SummaryWithin the efforts to revise ICD-10, the World Health Organization (WHO) has appointed a disorder-specific Working Group on the Classification of Psychotic Disorders (WGPD). The WGPD has proposed several changes to the classification criteria of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in order to increase the clinical utility, reliability and validity of the diagnostic classification. The main proposals include changes to the chapter title, the replacement of existing schizophrenia subtypes with symptom specifiers, stricter diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder, a reorganization of the delusional disorders and the acute and transient psychotic disorders, as well as the revision of course specifiers. These proposed revisions are subject to field trials with the aim of studying whether they will lead to an improvement of the classification system in comparison to its previous version. The proposals are compared with revisions of the according DSM-5 chapter. The impact of novel results from neuroscience and genetics on the current proposals is discussed, also with respect to future classification strategies such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project.

The Classification of the Depressions

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Farmer ◽  
Peter McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Social Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization

It is 13 years since Kendell (1976) reviewed the ‘contemporary confusion’ surrounding the classification of depression. Reconsideration of this issue is now timely, especially in light of the development of the new classifications of affective disorder included in DSM–III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), the revised version, DSM–III–R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987), and the forthcoming ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1988). Recent activities in neurobiological, genetic and social research also bear importantly on our concepts of the aetiology of depression.

scholarly journals Delirium: the role of psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Mental Disturbance ◽  
Psychotropic Agents ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization

Acute mental disturbance associated with physical illness is well described in early medical literature, but it was not until 1 AD that Celsus coined the term ‘delirium’ (Lindesay, 1999). Although delirium has many synonyms that are applied in particular clinical settings (Box 1), all acute disturbances of global cognitive functioning are now recognised as ‘delirium’, a consensus supported by both ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) and DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification systems. Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that typically involves a plethora of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms, resulting in a broad differential diagnosis dominated by mental disorders. Psychiatrists' skills in assessing cognitive function and psychopathology, coupled with their knowledge of psychotropic agents, make them well suited to improving detection, coordinating management and facilitating research into this understudied disorder.

scholarly journals The need for a category of ‘religious and spiritual problems’ in ICD-11

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Khalid Abdul-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spiritual Problems ◽  
International Advisory ◽  
Icd Coding

The World Health Organization's International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders is currently working on the development of ICD-11 (World Health Organization, 2007). A more responsive ICD coding system should incorporate recent work which suggests that the religious and spiritual domain is important for a comprehensive, culturally sensitive diagnosis and management plan (e.g. Sims, 1992, 2004; Koenig et al, 2008). A ‘religious or spiritual problems’ category, similar to that in DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), should be included in ICD-11.

scholarly journals Adjustment disorders: Fault line in the psychiatric glossary

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Casey ◽  
Christopher Dowrick ◽  
Greg Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Concept ◽  
Research And Policy

Adjustment disorder entered the DSM–II nomenclature in 1968 and was recognized in ICD–9 in 1978. Before then the term ‘transient situational disturbance’ was applied to such conditions. The addition of adjustment disorder to the ICD classification was in response to the confusion generated by the older concepts of reactive and endogenous depression. Both DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) retain the category of adjustment disorder, which has utility as a clinical concept. However, it has been eclipsed by the focus on mood disorder among research and policy-makers. A consequence of this is the danger of exaggerating the need for expensive and sometimes unpredictable mental health interventions in those whose problems are likely to resolve spontaneously.

Discriminant Validity of the Eating Attitudes Test According to American Psychiatric Association and World Health Organization Criteria of Eating Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josepa Canals ◽  
Gentzane Carbajo ◽  
Joan Fernandez-Ballast
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eating Attitudes Test ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive predictive value of the Eating Attitudes Test in a sample of Spanish nonclinical 18-yr.-olds. 304 subjects answered the Eating Attitudes Test-40, 290 of whom were interviewed individually with the Spanish version of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Eating disorders were diagnosed using ICD–10 and DSM-III–R criteria. The prevalence of eating disorders was higher for ICD–10 (5.2%) than for DSM-III-R (2.6%) and only affected the rate of diagnosis in women. According to ICD–10 criteria, the cut-off of 25 was more sensitive (87.5%) than the cut-off of 30 (75%) and varied little in specificity (93.9% vs 97.1%). The positive predictive value of the Eating Attitudes Test cut-off of 30 for eating disorders (ICD–10) was 36%. Our results support the test as useful for identifying eating disturbances in 18-yr.-olds and suggest assessment of a cut-off lower than 30 may be appropriate in the general population if confirmed in further research with a representative sample of adults.

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