Positive and Negative Symptoms

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron ◽  
Rhoda S. Gruen ◽  
Joan M. Romo-Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Symptom Patterns ◽  
Morbidity Risk ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The authors assessed the relevance of clinical symptoms to genetic research in schizophrenia in the nuclear families of 65 chronic schizophrenic probands. The morbidity risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality (a ‘spectrum’ disorder) was markedly reduced in first-degree relatives of probands with predominant negative symptoms, as compared with relatives of probands with other symptom patterns. The data support the notion that negative-symptom schizophrenia has an attenuated genetic component.

Anti-DNA antibodies in the blood of patients with schizophrenia possess DNA-hydrolyzing activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s247-s248
Author(s):  
E. Ermakov ◽  
L. Smirnova ◽  
L. Sinyanskii ◽  
D. Dobrygina ◽  
A. Semke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dnase Activity ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Dna Antibodies ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

IntroductionAutoantibodies (Abs) to different neuronal receptors and DNA were detected in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. Abs hydrolyzing DNA were detected in pool of polyclonal autoantibodies in autoimmune and infectious diseases, such catalytic Abs were named abzymes.ObjectivesTo investigate the level of anti-DNA antibodies and DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG from the serum of patients with schizophrenia depending on leading clinical symptoms.Aims– To measure the concentration of anti-DNA Abs in serum of patients with leading positive and negative symptoms;– to determine DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG.MethodsIn our study, 51 patients were included. The levels of antiDNA Abs were determined using ELISA. DNA-hydrolyzing activity was detected as the level(%) of supercoiled pBluescript DNA transition in circular and linear forms. Statistical analysis was performed in “Statistica 9.0”.ResultsAnti-DNA Abs of patients with schizophrenia not only bind DNA, but quite efficiently hydrolyze the substrate. IgG of patient with schizophrenia were shown to possess DNA hydrolyzing activity. It should be noted that DNAase activity of IgG in patients with schizophrenia with a negative symptoms was significantly higher, than in patients with positive symptoms (Table 1).ConclusionsThe data show a correlation with the level of DNase activity and leading symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Clinical Experience with Aripiprazole Treatment in Ten Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder: Retrospective Case Studies

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramoniam Madhusoodanan ◽  
Ronald Brenner ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Harsha Reddy ◽  
Olivera Bogunovic
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Clinical Global Impression Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

ABSTRACTBackground: Clinical trials of aripiprazole, a recentl Food and Drug Administration-approved atypical antipsychotic, included elderly patients, but more data are needed on the effects of aripiprazole in this population, especially those with comorbid medical illnesses.Objective: To assess the response and safety of aripiprazole treatment in elderly patients with phrenia or schizoaffective disorder.Method: Data was obtained by retrospective review of medical records. Aripiprazole was used to treat 10 elderly hospitalized patients between 62 and 85 years of age who manifested signs of psychosis related to schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. All patients had been treated previously with atypical and classic antipsychotics. Response was assessed by clinical observation of patients' behavior and Clinical Global Impression Scale assigned retrospectively.Results: Seven patients responded to treatment, two did not respond, and one had a partial response. The mean Clinical Global Impression Scale scores improved from 6 (severely ill) at baseline to 2.3 (much improved) at discharge. Treatment was discontinued in the two patients who did not respond. Of the seven patients who responded, four presented with positive symptoms and showed significant improvement while three presented with positive and negative symptoms and both symptoms improved significantly. Four patients had preexisting extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and these symptoms decreased in three patients. In addition, two patients were able to discontinue antiparkinson medications. One patient who had severe tardive dyskinesia showed significant improvement in the dyskinetic symptoms. Four patients showed postural hypotension (without clinical symptoms) which resolved over time without treatment. Six patients showed a mean weight loss of 5.2 lbs. No adverse consequences occurred when divalproex sodium, carbamazepine, clonazepam or citalopram were given concurrently.Conclusion: The reduction of both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the lack of significant EPS, tardive dyskinesia, sedation, weight gain, anticholinergic effects, and QTc prolongation gives preliminary indication that aripiprazole may be a safe and effective medication for elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Are Employment-Interview Skills a Correlate of Subtypes of Schizophrenia?

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Charisiou ◽  
Henry J. Jackson ◽  
Gregory J. Boyle ◽  
Philip Burgess ◽  
I. Harry Minas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Employment Interview ◽  
Global Measure ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

46 inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed in the week prior to discharge from hospital on measures of positive and negative symptoms and on 12 measures of employment interview skills (i.e., eye contact, facial gestures, body posture, verbal content, voice volume, length of speech, motivation, self-confidence, ability to communicate, manifest adjustment, manifest intelligence, over-all interview skill), and a global measure of employability. A cluster analysis based on the total positive and negative symptom scores produced two groups. The group with the lower mean negative symptom score exhibited better employment-interview skills and higher ratings on employability.

Positive and negative symptoms/syndromes in schizophrenia: reliability and validity of different diagnostic systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Peralta ◽  
M. J. Cuesta ◽  
J. De Leon
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Deficit Syndrome ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SynopsisThe paper explores the reliability, concurrent validity and overlap of some positive/negative symptom rating scales and typological criteria in 100 schizophrenic patients. Rating scales include Andreasen's Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms, Abrams and Taylor's Scale for Emotional Blunting, and Kay's Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Criteria for categorizing individual patients include Andreasen's and Kay's criteria for positive and negative types of schizophrenia as well as Carpenter's criteria for the deficit syndrome. The correlations among positive as well as among negative scales were high. The agreement among criteria tended to be lower. Both positive scales showed low internal consistency. Kay's negative scale had the greatest internal consistency, which suggests that it is measuring a homogeneous syndrome. All negative symptom scales and categorical syndromes identified a group of patients who were single and exhibited schizoid or schizotypal pre-morbid personality disorders, poor premorbid sexual/social adjustment, poor response to neuroleptics and poor prognosis.

Implications of data-driven analyses for personalized therapy in psychosis: a systematic review of cluster- and trajectory-based modelling studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Lyan H. Rodijk ◽  
Edith J. Liemburg ◽  
Grigory Sidorenkov ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractIntroductionTo tackle the phenotypic heterogeneity of schizophrenia, data-driven methods are often applied to identify subtypes of its (sub)clinical symptoms though there is no systematic review.AimsTo summarize the evidence from cluster- and trajectory-based studies of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, their siblings and healthy people. Additionally, we aimed to highlight knowledge gaps and point out future directions to optimize the translatability of cluster- and trajectory-based studies.MethodsA systematic review was performed through searching PsycINFO, PubMed, PsycTESTS, PsycARTICLES, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science electronic databases. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published from 2008 to 2019, which reported at least two statistically derived clusters or trajectories were included. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data.ResultsOf 2,285 studies retrieved, 50 studies (17 longitudinal and 33 cross-sectional) conducted in 30 countries were selected for review. Longitudinal studies discovered two to five trajectories of positive and negative symptoms in patient, and four to five trajectories of cognitive deficits in patient and sibling. In cross-sectional studies, three clusters of positive and negative symptoms in patient, four clusters of positive and negative schizotypy in sibling, and three to five clusters of cognitive deficits in patient and sibling were identified. These studies also reported multidimensional predictors of clusters and trajectories.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that (sub)clinical symptoms of schizophrenia are more heterogeneous than currently recognized. Identified clusters and trajectories can be used as a basis for personalized psychiatry.

Positive and Negative Symptoms and the Thematic Organisation of Schizophrenic Speech

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidelinde A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Restriction ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryThis study questions the prevailing view that schizophrenic delusions, hallucinations and incoherence of speech (positive symptoms) reflect loss of cognitive control and that flattening of affect and poverty of speech (negative symptoms) reflect restriction of cognitive processing.The prevailing view was examined by analysing the thematic organisation of speech produced by 18 patients describing pictures. Results showed that (a) positive and negative symptom schizophrenics did not differ in the control and restriction of thematic speech organisation; (b) speech disordered schizophrenics, positive as well as negative, showed cognitive restriction, by producing fewer inferential ideas than non-speech disordered schizophrenics.The wider implications of these results are discussed, particularly the implications of (b) for the notion of concreteness in schizophrenia.

Do positive symptom and negative symptom subtypes of schizophrenia show qualitative differences in language production?

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidelinde A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SynopsisThe present study examined a prominent symptom subtype conception of the psychopathology of schizophrenia. It analysed the presumed dichotomy between hallucinations, delusions and formal thought disorder as positive symptoms and flattening of affect and poverty of speech as negative symptoms, and tested predictions concerning the nature of the mediating processes of positive and negative symptoms. Four different analyses were applied to the transcripts of speech produced by 9 normals, 10 chronic schizophrenics with only positive symptoms of whom 7 had incoherence of speech, and 9 chronic schizophrenics with only negative symptoms of whom 4 had poverty of speech. The conception of the nature of the mediating processes of positive and negative symptoms was not supported by the results. Further, a clear dichotomy between positive and negative symptom groups was not shown to exist, because positive speech disorder and negative speech disorder did not follow the presupposed dichotomy. Thus, contrary to existing conceptions of speech disorder in schizophrenia, both positive and negative speech disorder are marked by poverty of thought, as measured by the production of fewer and shorter ideas and lower speech variability.

Assessment of negative symptoms beyond schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S69-S70
Author(s):  
S. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionNegative symptoms have long been recognized as a hallmark of schizophrenia. Newer evidence suggests that negative symptoms can be observed in persons with other disorders or even in non-clinical populations. However, most negative symptom scales are designed to identify clinically relevant symptoms, which might lead to underappreciation of subclinical symptom expression.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to establish distributional properties of well-established negative symptom scales in comparison with the newly developed Zurich Negative Symptom Scale, which employs a fully dimensional and continuous approach.MethodsWe included participants with established schizophrenia (n = 65), first-episode psychosis (n = 25), schizotypal personality traits (n = 29) and remitted bipolar disorder (n = 20). Assessment of negative symptoms was conducted with the Zurich Negative Symptom Scale and compared to establish rating scales.ResultsIn this broad sample, measurement of negative symptoms with established negative symptom scales lead to a highly skewed distribution. In other words, established negative symptom scales were able to identify negative symptoms in some participants in the non-schizophrenia spectrum, but a differentiation of negative symptom severity in the subclinical range was not possible. In contrast, the distribution of negative symptoms measured with the Zurich Negative Symptom scale approached normality.ConclusionsNegative symptoms can be observed outside the schizophrenia diagnosis. However, in order to fully explore the continuity of negative symptoms, measurement instruments need to be designed to cover the full range of symptomatology starting at a subclinical level. We propose the newly developed Zurich Negative Symptom Scale as a useful tool in this respect.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Comparison of negative symptoms in schizophrenic and poor outcome bipolar patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Reddy ◽  
Sukdeb Mukherjee ◽  
David B. Schnur
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Relative Specificity ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients ◽  
Affective Flattening

SYNOPSISUsing the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), affective blunting, alogia, and attentional impairment were assessed in 30 manic patients with chronic impairment of inter-episode instrumental functioning and 85 chronic schizophrenic patients. The schizophrenic patients had markedly higher ratings on all three negative symptom dimensions. When negative symptoms were examined categorically, no manic patient was rated to show prominent affective flattening or alogia. This relative specificity may not apply to attentional impairment which was rated as prominent in 17% of the manic patients and in 55% of the schizophrenic patients.

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