Suicide attempts preceding completed suicide

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki T. Isometsä ◽  
Jouko K. Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThis study investigated three questions with major implications for suicide prevention: the sensitivity of the history of previous suicide attempt(s) as an indicator of suicide risk, the time interval from a preceding suicide attempt to the fatal one, and switching of suicide methods by those eventually completing suicide.MethodThe lifetime history of suicide attempts and the methods the victims (n=1397) used were examined in a nationwide psychological autopsy study comprising all suicides in Finland within a 12-month research period in 1987–1988.ResultsOverall, 56% of suicide victims were found to have died at their first suicide attempt, more males (62%) than females (38%). In 19% of males and 39% of females the victim had made a non-fatal attempt during the final year. Of the victims with previous attempts, 82% had used at least two different methods in their suicide attempts (the fatal included).ConclusionsMost male and a substantial proportion of female suicides die in their first suicide attempt, a fact that necessitates early recognition of suicide risk, particularly among males. Recognition of periods of high suicide risk on the grounds of recent non-fatal suicide attempts is likely to be important for suicide prevention among females. Subjects completing suicide commonly switch from one suicide method to another, a finding that weakens but does not negate the credibility of restrictions on the availability of lethal methods as a preventive measure.

Antecedents of suicide in people with schizophrenia

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannele Heilä ◽  
Erkki T. Isometsä ◽  
Markus M. Henriksson ◽  
Marti E. Heikkinen ◽  
Mauri J. Marttunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Treatment Relationship ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illness Phase ◽  
Previous Suicide Attempt

BackgroundSuicides among people with schizophrenia are commonly believed to be impulsive and to occur unexpectedly.MethodAs part of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland, a nationwide psychological autopsy study, suicide victims with DSM-III-R schizophrenia (n=86; n=64 in the active illness phase) and others (n=1 109; n=666 without any evidence for psychosis) were compared for communication of suicidal intent (CSI), as well as previous suicide attempts known by the next of kin and/or an attending health care professional during the latest treatment relationship.ResultsMore victims with schizophrenia (84%) had a history of previous CSI, and/or had made previous suicide attempt(s) than others (70%). Also, victims with active illness schizophrenia (56%) had more CSI and/or had made suicide attempts during their last three months than victims with no psychosis (41%).ConclusionsCSI and/or suicide attempts occur at least as often in people with schizophrenia as in those without schizophrenia, even in the active phase of the illness.

Suicide and Perfectionism: A Psychological Autopsy Study of Non-Clinical Suicides

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Kiamanesh ◽  
Kari Dyregrov ◽  
Hanne Haavind ◽  
Gudrun Dieserud
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
History Of

This study explores suicide in relation to perfectionism among individuals who died by suicide with no history of treatment in mental health care or of suicide attempts. The study is part of an ongoing psychological autopsy study (PA-study). It aimed to produce a phenomenological understanding of the dynamics/processes from perfectionism to suicide among 6 men aged 22 to 58. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview data of 41 key informants. Based on the informants' narratives, it seemed that perfectionism left these men less able to cope with their (self-perceived) inability to meet their high expectations. Four themes emerged from analysis: 1) striving for success; 2) fear of failure; 3) keeping up the facade; and 4) rigidity. The results may be important in the prevention of nonclinical suicides, a group that is particularly difficult to identify, especially if the deceased have been regarded as very successful in many areas.

The Effect of Parental Remarriage following Parental Divorce on Offspring Suicide Attempt

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Lizardi ◽  
Ronald G. Thompson ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Parental divorce during childhood is associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts for male but not female offspring. This study examines whether parental remarriage has a differential effect on suicide risk for male and female adult offspring. Using the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), the sample consists of respondents who experienced parental divorce ( N = 6,436). Multivariable regressions were estimated. Females who lived with a stepparent were significantly more likely to report a lifetime suicide attempt compared with females who had not. Clinicians should note that female depressed patients who have a history of childhood parental divorce and remarriage may be at more risk for suicide attempt than previously recognized.

A Comparison of Attitudes Toward Suicide Among Individuals With and Without Suicidal Thoughts and Suicide Attempts in South Korea

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Uk Lee ◽  
Mina Jeon ◽  
Jong-Ik Park
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thought ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicidal Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Attitudes Toward Suicide

Abstract. Background: A suicidal person can go through different stages that include suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts. For a few individuals, these can end up with suicide. However, there have been no studies investigating any differences in attitudes toward suicides among individuals with no suicidal thoughts, those with suicidal thoughts, and those with suicide attempts. Aims: This study was carried out to compare attitudes toward suicide among three different groups: individuals with a history of no suicidal thoughts, those with a history of suicidal thoughts, and those with a history of suicide attempts. Method: To examine Koreans' attitudes toward suicide, we analyzed the data from the 2013 National Suicide Survey involving 1,500 participants aged between 19 and 75 years. Results: Different attitudes toward suicide were found among the three groups. Persons reporting that they had made a suicide attempt in their life showed the most permissive attitudes toward suicide. Limitations: Since this research is based on cross-sectional data, it is difficult to eliminate the possibility of changes in attitude toward suicide completely after having a suicidal thought and suicide attempt. Conclusion: These results can be a useful source for constructing effective messages for suicide prevention campaigns and can ultimately contribute to an improvement in the public's perceptions of suicide in the future.

Examining the Time to Transition From Nonsuicidal Self-Injury to Suicide Attempt

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Caitlin O'Loughlin ◽  
Taylor A. Burke ◽  
Brooke A. Ammerman
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract. Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a strong predictor of suicide attempts (SA). Characteristics of NSSI have been shown to influence the NSSI–SA relationship; however, the temporal nature of this association is understudied. Aims: This study aimed to elucidate the NSSI-SA relationship by examining the association between NSSI characteristics and time lapsed from NSSI onset to first SA. Method: Participants were 111 individuals with a history of NSSI that preceded their first SA who completed a series of self-report measures. Results: NSSI methods of cutting and burning, and the anti-dissociation function, were associated with a shorter transition time from NSSI to SA. Earlier age of NSSI onset and the interpersonal boundaries function were related to a longer time to transition. Limitations: This sample size was limited, and data were collected cross-sectionally. Conclusion: Findings provide foundational knowledge regarding NSSI characteristics to inform theoretical models of the NSSI–SA association. This information can inform suicide risk assessments among those with a history of NSSI.

Risk Factors for Medically Serious Suicide Attempts

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Fowler ◽  
Mark J. Hilsenroth ◽  
Michael Groat ◽  
Spencer Biel ◽  
Christina Biedermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

This study explored a psychodynamic model for suicide risk by examining risk factors for medically serious suicide attempts, including assessments of affect flooding, negative self-schema / fragmentation, and impaired reality testing, closely approximating Maltsberger’s psycho-dynamic formulation of suicide crisis. Baseline risk factors including age, gender, psychiatric symptoms, high-risk behaviors, and the Implicit Risk for Suicide Index (IRSI) were used to detect medically serious suicide attempts monitored for up to a year after the assessment. Twenty-five psychiatric inpatients who made life-threatening suicide attempts after assessment were compared to 25 inpatients and 25 psychotherapy outpatients who made no suicide attempts during follow-up. Statistical analysis revealed that a history of at least one suicide attempt and elevated IRSI scores accounted for 60 percent of the variance in detecting medically serious suicide attempts. Elevated IRSI accurately identified suicide attempt status above and beyond past suicide attempts and other empirically validated risk factors. Results are discussed in light of psychodynamic formulations of suicide risk.

The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maya N. Sohn ◽  
Carly A. McMorris ◽  
Signe Bray ◽  
Alexander McGirr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
History Of

Abstract Suicide risk assessment involves integrating patient disclosure of suicidal ideation and non-specific risk factors such as family history, past suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric symptoms. A death version of the implicit association test (D-IAT) has been developed to provide an objective measure of the degree to which the self is affiliated with life or death. However, this has inconsistently been associated with past and future suicidal behaviour. Here, we systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the literature examining the D-IAT and suicide attempts. We searched psychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception until 9 February 2021 to identify publications reporting D-IAT scores and suicide attempts (PROSPERO; CRD42020194394). Using random-effects models, we calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) for retrospective suicide attempts. We then calculated ORs for future suicide attempts. ORs were dichotomized using a cutoff of zero representing equipoise between self-association with life and death. Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria (n = 9551). The pooled SMD revealed higher D-IAT scores in individuals with a history of suicide attempt (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35); however, subgroup analyses demonstrated heterogeneity with acute care settings having lower effect sizes than community settings. Dichotomized D-IAT scores discriminated those with a history of suicide attempt from those without (OR 1.38 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) and predicted suicide attempt over a six-month follow-up period (OR 2.99 95% CI 1.45 to 6.18; six studies, n = 781). The D-IAT may have a supplementary role in suicide risk assessment; however, determination of acute suicide risk and related clinical decisions should not be based solely on D-IAT performance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bipolar disorder in a sample of older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 28026
Author(s):  
Luísa Weber Bisol ◽  
Letícia Rodrigues Porciúncula ◽  
Elisa Fasolin Mello ◽  
Eduardo Lopes Nogueira ◽  
Irênio Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
History Of

***Prevalence of bipolar disorder in a sample of older adults***AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of bipolar disorder in a sample of older adults and to examine associated socio-demographic and clinical factors.METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study of individuals aged 60 years or older registered with the Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, selected randomly from 30 different basic health units. Participants were subjected to diagnostic assessment for bipolar disorder and suicide risk using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus 5.0.0. Categorical variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard deviations. The Pearson chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used as appropriate to evaluate potential associations between the independent variables suicide attempt and risk of suicide. To control for possible confounders and assess variables independently associated with the outcome of interest, the strength association among different risk factors was assessed by means of prevalence ratios, which were estimated with a controlled Poisson model or multivariate Poisson regression. The significance level was set at 5% (p≤0.05).RESULTS: The sample comprised 550 older adults. The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder in the sample was 5.8% and the point prevalence was 1.5%. In those with bipolar disorder, 59.4% were type I and 40.6% type II. Significant associations were observed between bipolar disorder regardless of type and female gender (prevalence rate [PR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-5.81), living with a partner (PR 2.52, 95%CI 1.21-5.24), history of suicide attempt (PR 3.16, 95%CI 1.53-6.25), and suicide risk (PR 2.98, 95%CI 1.47-6.06). When analyzed each type of bipolar disorder, statistically significant associations were found between age under 70 years and type I bipolar disorder; having companion and type II bipolar disorder; and risk of suicide was associated with both types of bipolar disorder.CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the type of bipolar disorder, women and those living with a partner were more affected. History of suicide attempts and suicide risk were more frequent in elderly subjects with bipolar disorder than in those without the disorder.

Suicide Prevention Through Online Gatekeeping Using Search Advertising Techniques

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Sueki ◽  
Jiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
Search Advertising ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Nurturing gatekeepers is an effective suicide prevention strategy. Internet-based methods to screen those at high risk of suicide have been developed in recent years but have not been used for online gatekeeping. Aims: A preliminary study was conducted to examine the feasibility and effects of online gatekeeping. Method: Advertisements to promote e-mail psychological consultation service use among Internet users were placed on web pages identified by searches using suicide-related keywords. We replied to all emails received between July and December 2013 and analyzed their contents. Results: A total of 139 consultation service users were analyzed. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD = 9.7), and female users accounted for 80% of the sample. Suicidal ideation was present in 74.1%, and 12.2% had a history of suicide attempts. After consultation, positive changes in mood were observed in 10.8%, 16.5% showed intentions to seek help from new supporters, and 10.1% of all 139 users actually took help-seeking actions. Conclusion: Online gatekeeping to prevent suicide by placing advertisements on web search pages to promote consultation service use among Internet users with suicidal ideation may be feasible.

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