scholarly journals Predictors of later schizophrenia and affective psychosis among attendees at a child psychiatry department

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cannon ◽  
Elizabeth Walsh ◽  
Christopher Hollis ◽  
Maresc Kargin ◽  
Eric Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Royal Hospital ◽  
Psychiatry Department

BackgroundSchizophrenia has been linked with psychological problems in childhood but there is little information on precursors of affective psychosis.AimsTo compare childhood psychological antecedents of adult schizophrenia and affective psychosis.MethodChildhood item sheets, which give standardised information on signs and symptoms of mental illness in the year preceding assessment are completed for all attendees at the children's department of the Maudsley and Bethlem Royal Hospital. We examined item sheet data on individuals with an adult diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=59) or affective psychosis (n=27) and a comparison group with no adult mental illness (n=86) (all had attended the department).ResultsAbnormal suspiciousness or sensitivity and relationship difficulties with peers are associated with later schizophrenia. In contrast, affective psychosis is associated with childhood hysterical symptoms and disturbances in eating.ConclusionsChildhood psychological precursors for schizophrenia and affective psychosis differ and do not simply reflect non-specific psychiatric disturbance in adolescence.

Understanding and Evaluating Emotional and Behavioral Impairment

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
Mad Men ◽  
The Difference

In English property law, intellectual disability and mental illness were differentiated in the thirteenth century. By 1690, John Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding had clarified differences between intellectual disability and mental illness. Locke wrote: . . . The defect in [intellectual disability] seems to proceed from want of quickness, activity, and motion in the intellectual faculties, whereby they are deprived of reason; whereas mad men seem to suffer by the other extreme. For they do not appear to me to have lost the faculty of reasoning: but having joined together some ideas very wrongly . . . they argue right from wrong principles. . . . But there are degrees of madness as folly; the disorderly jumbling of ideas together is in some more, and some less. In short, herein seems to lie the difference between [intellectually disabled] and mad men, that mad men put wrong ideas together, and so make wrong propositions, but argue and reason right from them: but [those with intellectual disability] make very few or no propositions, but argue and reason scarce at all. (Scheerenberger, 1983, p. 41) . . . Thus, Locke is often credited with establishing the dichotomy between mental illness and intellectual disability that influenced social policy for people with intellectual disability. But he did not appreciate the capacity persons with intellectual disability do have to reason with adequate supports, nor did he consider that persons with intellectual disability are also at risk for mental illness and behavior disorders. Historically, intellectual disability and mental illness were regarded to be mutually exclusive conditions. Affective and behavioral disturbances in individuals with intellectual disability generally were regarded as manifestations of maladaptive learning and adverse psychosocial experiences rather than as indications of a psychiatric disorder. This view has been shared by both intellectual disability and mental health professionals. Health professionals typically fail to consider the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder among persons with intellectual disability despite the presence of signs and symptoms that would be readily ascribed as psychiatric disturbance among typically developing persons within the general population. This diagnostic bias may be an outgrowth of several factors.

Madness, virtue, and ecology: A classical Indian approach to psychiatric disturbance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512098224
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Relationship

The Caraka Saṃhitā (ca. first century BCE–third century CE), the first classical Indian medical compendium, covers a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic treatment, while also sketching out a philosophical anthropology of the human subject who is the patient of the physicians for whom this text was composed. In this article, I outline some of the relevant aspects of this anthropology – in particular, its understanding of ‘mind’ and other elements that constitute the subject – before exploring two ways in which it approaches ‘psychiatric’ disorder: one as ‘mental illness’ ( mānasa-roga), the other as ‘madness’ ( unmāda). I focus on two aspects of this approach. One concerns the moral relationship between the virtuous and the well life, or the moral and the medical dimensions of a patient’s subjectivity. The other is about the phenomenological relationship between the patient and the ecology within which the patient’s disturbance occurs. The aetiology of and responses to such disturbances helps us think more carefully about the very contours of subjectivity, about who we are and how we should understand ourselves. I locate this interpretation within a larger programme on the interpretation of the whole human being, which I have elsewhere called ‘ecological phenomenology’.

scholarly journals Chronic Pediatric Pain and Mental Illness During the COVID-19 Era: A Case Report From Inpatient Child Psychiatry Unit

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Sage Gee ◽  
Srikrishna V Malayala ◽  
Christopher W Laboe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Pediatric Pain

scholarly journals So What? Implications of Network Theory for Research and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payton J. Jones ◽  
Donald Robinaugh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
The Brain

Research and practice in psychiatry and clinical psychology have been guided by differing schools of thought over the years. Recently, the network theory of psychopathology has arisen as a framework for thinking about mental health. Network theory challenges three assumptions common in the field: (1) psychological problems are caused by disease entities that exist independently of their signs and symptoms, (2) classification and diagnosis of psychological problems should follow a medical model, and (3) psychological problems are caused by diseases or aberrations in the brain. Conversely, it embraces many other assumptions that are already well accepted in clinical practice (e.g., the interaction of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, as posited in cognitive-behavioral therapies) and integrates those assumptions into a coherent framework for research and practice. We review developments in the network theory with a focus on anxiety-related conditions, discuss future areas for change, and outline implications of the theory for both research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Sejal Macwan ◽  
Ninad Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Health Report ◽  
The Family

Approximately 24 million people worldwide experiencing schizophrenia (The World Health Report, 2001). Several people with mental disorder have to rely on support of family and friends to help them in their day-to-day happenings. In that era, caregivers are at risk for physical and mental health dilemma.1 Caring for a person with any mental illness often creates physical, emotional dilemma among the family caregivers more than they think. That is why it is also essential to rationalize that issue too. Family care givers of patients with any mental illness have different perspectives and coping strategies about the situation that may lead to feeling of sadness, loneliness, helplessness, hopeless at a variance among the care givers. OBJECTIVES: • To study levels of psychological problems faced by the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. • To study association between demographic variables and levels of psychological problems of family caregivers with schizophrenia. METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out to examine the psychological problems faced by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. 200 family caregivers were selected by applying stratified systematic sampling method from the government hospitals of mental health of Gujarat state with a criterion of minimum facility of 100 beds. A self-structured interview schedule was designed for study purpose by referring the Burden Assessment Tool of Thara et.al (1998) and Zarit Burden Interview. RESULT: Majority of the respondents (51%) feel anxious, depressed and frustrated due to caregiving responsibility. Majority of the respondents (52.5%) believed that care giving responsibility is mentally tiring for the family caregivers. Majority of the respondents (40.5%) agree with the statement that their contacts with family & friends have lessened due to the illness of care receiver.

Service Utilization and Psychiatric Diagnosis in Pediatric Primary Care: The Role of the Gatekeeper

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Costello ◽  
Barbara J. Burns ◽  
Anthony J. Costello ◽  
Craig Edelbrock ◽  
Mina Dulcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
User Group ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Offset Effect

Levels of morbidity in 789 children 7 to 11 years of age attending two primary care pediatric clinics in a health maintenance organization were examined in relation to psychiatric disturbance. Physical morbidity was measured as mean number of illness episodes per year enrolled, based on the child's medical record. Two measures of psychiatric disturbance were compared: the pediatricians' judgment and a detailed assessment using standard psychiatric interviews with parent and child. Children identified by pediatricians as disturbed had more than twice as many physical illness episodes as nonidentified children. Children identified by the standard psychiatric assessment had the same number of physical illness episodes as nondisturbed children. Pediatricians showed high specificity but low sensitivity to mental illness. Their sensitivity in the high user group was double that in the low user group. These results suggest that (1) the association between mental illness and high use may be, in part, the result of the confounding factor of physicians' judgment; (2) in settings where primary care practitioners serve as "gatekeepers" to mental health services, the offset effect of lower medical service use following psychiatric treatment may be partially explained by this; (3) the source of referral must be taken into account when assessing the offset effect in other settings.

Psychological Problems of Pre-School Children in an Inner Urban Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coleman ◽  
Desmond Pond ◽  
Bernice Rothwell ◽  
Wendy Burtenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Child ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
New Look

Attitudes to the treatment of the pre-school child today stem very largely from the mainstream traditions in classical child psychiatry, the most powerful of which is still probably psychoanalysis. Recent articles (e.g. Freud, 1966; Frommer, 1967; Bentovim and Boston, 1973) describing treatment units for very young children exemplify very clearly the influence of these traditions and illustrate the difficulty of breaking new ground in conceptualizing treatment procedures. It will be the purpose of this paper to take issue with such traditions, and to argue that it is time for a new look at pre-school child psychiatry.

scholarly journals Association between maternal and paternal mental illness and risk of injuries in children and adolescents: nationwide register based cohort study in Sweden

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Nevriana ◽  
Matthias Pierce ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
Susanne Wicks ◽  
Marie Hasselberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Fall Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Adjusted Rate Ratio ◽  
Parents With Mental Illness

Abstract Objective To determine the association between parental mental illness and the risk of injuries among offspring. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Swedish population based registers. Participants 1 542 000 children born in 1996-2011 linked to 893 334 mothers and 873 935 fathers. Exposures Maternal or paternal mental illness (non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, alcohol or drug misuse, mood disorders, anxiety and stress related disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders) identified through linkage to inpatient or outpatient healthcare registers. Main outcome measures Risk of injuries (transport injury, fall, burn, drowning and suffocation, poisoning, violence) at ages 0-1, 2-5, 6-9, 10-12, and 13-17 years, comparing children of parents with mental illness and children of parents without mental illness, calculated as the rate difference and rate ratio adjusted for confounders. Results Children with parental mental illness contributed to 201 670.5 person years of follow-up, while children without parental mental illness contributed to 2 434 161.5 person years. Children of parents with mental illness had higher rates of injuries than children of parents without mental illness (for any injury at age 0-1, these children had an additional 2088 injuries per 100 000 person years; number of injuries for children with and without parental mental illness was 10 235 and 72 723, respectively). At age 0-1, the rate differences ranged from 18 additional transport injuries to 1716 additional fall injuries per 100 000 person years among children with parental mental illness compared with children without parental mental illness. A higher adjusted rate ratio for injuries was observed from birth through adolescence and the risk was highest during the first year of life (adjusted rate ratio at age 0-1 for the overall association between any parental mental illness that has been recorded in the registers and injuries 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 1.33). Adjusted rate ratios at age 0-1 ranged from 1.28 (1.24 to 1.32) for fall injuries to 3.54 (2.28 to 5.48) for violence related injuries. Common and serious maternal and paternal mental illness was associated with increased risk of injuries in children, and estimates were slightly higher for common mental disorders. Conclusions Parental mental illness is associated with increased risk of injuries among offspring, particularly during the first years of the child’s life. Efforts to increase access to parental support for parents with mental illness, and to recognise and treat perinatal mental morbidity in parents in secondary care might prevent child injury.

Movies and mental illness: A psychiatry elective for third year pharmacy students

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherry W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Know How ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Elective Course

Psychiatric illnesses are common and pharmacists need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of the illnesses and know how they are appropriately treated. Not all pharmacy students will have an opportunity to intern in a psychiatric setting during their fourth year, and there is not adequate time in the course of a problem based learning (PBL) therapeutics curriculum to teach many of the psychiatric illnesses and their treatment. This article describes an elective course in psychiatry offered to third-year pharmacy students, which incorporates the viewing of movies and reading of books related to psychiatric illness, in order to allow students to develop a working knowledge of basic and advanced therapeutic issues related to psychiatry and psychopharmacology.

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