scholarly journals Schizophrenia and suicide: Systematic review of risk factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Lesley Sutton ◽  
Camilla Haw ◽  
Julia Sinclair ◽  
Jonathan J. Deeks
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Motor Restlessness ◽  
Robust Evidence

BackgroundSuicide risk is greatly increased in schizophrenia. Detection of those at risk is clinically important.AimsTo identify risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia.MethodThe international literature on case-control and cohort studies of patients with schizophrenia or related conditions in which suicide was reported as an outcome was systematically reviewed. Studies were identified through searching electronic databases and reference lists, and by consulting experts.ResultsTwenty-nine eligible studies were identified. Factors with robust evidence of increased risk of suicide were previous depressive disorders (OR=3.03, 95% CI 2.06–4.46), previous suicide attempts (OR=4.09, 95% CI 2.79–6.01), drug misuse (OR=3.21, 95% CI 1.99–5.17), agitation or motor restlessness (OR=2.61, 95% CI 1.54–4.41), fear of mental disintegration (OR=12.1, 95% CI 1.89–81.3), poor adherence to treatment (OR=3.75, 95% CI 2.20–6.37) and recent loss (OR=4.03, 95% CI 1.37–11.8). Reduced risk was associated with hallucinations (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.35–0.71).ConclusionsPrevention of suicide in schizophrenia is likely to result from treatment of affective symptoms, improving adherence to treatment, and maintaining special vigilance in patients with risk factors, especially after losses.

scholarly journals Suicide in an ageing UK population: problems and prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Gary Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
Easy Answer

Purpose Suicide can be an emotive, and at times, controversial subject. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the social, health, personal, and cultural issues that can arise in later life and the potential reasons for suicide. It will analyse already recognised risk factors of suicide in older adults and focus on improving knowledge about the social meaning and causation of suicide for older people. It will also consider suicide prevention policies, their practice implications, and whether they are successful in protecting this potentially vulnerable cohort. Design/methodology/approach A synopsis of available literature in the form of a general review paper of suicide of older adults. Findings There is evidence that the ageing process often leads to a set of co-morbidities and a complex and diverse set of individual challenges. This in turn equates to an increased risk of suicide. There is no easy answer to why there is evidence of a growing number of older adults deciding that suicide is there only option, and even fewer suggestions on how to manage this risk. Social implications The entry of the “baby boom” generation into retirement will lead to the potential of an increase in both suicide risk factors and older adults completing suicide. This is on the background of a demographic surge which is likely to place additional pressures on already under-resourced, and undervalued, statutory and non-statutory services. Originality/value A literature search found very little information regarding older adults and suicide risk, assessment, treatment or prevention.

scholarly journals Do risk factors for suicidal behavior differ by affective disorder polarity?

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Fiedorowicz ◽  
A. C. Leon ◽  
M. B. Keller ◽  
D. A. Solomon ◽  
J. P. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort.MethodParticipants with major affective disorders in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Depression Study (CDS) were followed prospectively for up to 25 years. A total of 909 participants meeting prospective diagnostic criteria for major depressive and bipolar disorders were followed through 4204 mood cycles. Suicidal behavior was defined as suicide attempts or completions. Mixed-effects, grouped-time survival analysis assessed risk of suicidal behavior and differential effects of risk factors for suicidal behavior by polarity. In addition to polarity, the main effects of age, gender, hopelessness, married status, prior suicide attempts and active substance abuse were modeled, with mood cycle as the unit of analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for age of onset, there were no differences in prior suicide attempts by polarity although bipolar participants had more prior severe attempts. During follow-up, 40 cycles ended in suicide and 384 cycles contained at least one suicide attempt. Age, hopelessness and active substance abuse but not polarity predicted suicidal behavior. The effects of risk factors did not differ by polarity.ConclusionsBipolarity does not independently influence risk of suicidal behavior or alter the influence of well-established suicide risk factors within affective disorders. Suicide risk assessment strategies may continue to appraise these common risk factors without regard to mood polarity.

scholarly journals Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Afroza Begum ◽  
Sultana Jahan ◽  
A F M Rezaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Family Adversity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Effective Prevention

Suicide among adolescent has emerged as a major public health issue in many low and middle-income (LAMI) countries. Suicidal behavior including ideation and attempt are the most important predictors of completed suicide and offer critical points for intervention. This article reviews recent population and national data based studies of adolescent suicide and suicide attempters for analyzing risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. According to WHO estimates, 800,000 suicide deaths occurred worldwide in 2016 and it is the third leading cause of death for 15-19 year olds. The suicide rate in Bangladesh was 5.9 per 100,000 population in 2016 (4.7 for males and 7.0 for females). Approximately, 90 percent of suicide cases meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder, particularly major depression, substance abuse and prior suicide attempts are strongly related to adolescent suicides. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and adolescent suicide is now well established. Factors related to family adversity, social alienation and precipitating problems also contribute to the risk of suicide. The main target of effective prevention of adolescent suicides is to reduce suicide risk factors. Recognition and effective management and control of psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression, are essential in preventing adolescent suicides. Research on the treatment of diagnosed depressive disorders and of those with suicidal behavior is reviewed.

Suicide Ideation and Attempts in Children With Psychiatric Disorders and Typical Development

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Dickerson Mayes ◽  
Susan L. Calhoun ◽  
Raman Baweja ◽  
Fauzia Mahr
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Suicide Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inattentive Type

Background: Children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk for suicide behavior. Aims: This is the first study to compare frequencies of suicide ideation and attempts in children and adolescents with specific psychiatric disorders and typical children while controlling for comorbidity and demographics. Method: Mothers rated the frequency of suicide ideation and attempts in 1,706 children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and typical development, 6–18 years of age. Results: For the typical group, 0.5% had suicide behavior (ideation or attempts), versus 24% across the psychiatric groups (bulimia 48%, depression or anxiety disorder 34%, oppositional defiant disorder 33%, ADHD-combined type 22%, anorexia 22%, autism 18%, intellectual disability 17%, and ADHD-inattentive type 8%). Most alarming, 29% of adolescents with bulimia often or very often had suicide attempts, compared with 0–4% of patients in the other psychiatric groups. Conclusion: It is important for professionals to routinely screen all children and adolescents who have psychiatric disorders for suicide ideation and attempts and to treat the underlying psychiatric disorders that increase suicide risk.

Suicidal behaviour and nonsuicidal self-injury among patients with eating disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Judit Balazs ◽  
Lili Olga Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comorbid Psychopathology

Eating disorders (EDs), especially anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) often co-occur with suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The shared epidemiological and risk factors of EDs, suicidal behaviour, and NSSI include the self-destructive and body-focused characteristics of these behaviours; body dissatisfaction, interoceptive deficits, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and several environmental risk factors. Compared to the general population, lifetime rates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and NSSI are increased among patients with AN, BN, or BED. Risk factors play a role in the development of suicidal behaviour in patients with EDs, including comorbid psychopathology that is associated with an increased risk of suicide itself, increased impulsive behaviours including NSSI, the duration of illness, and the number of previous treatments. Being aware of the increased risk and the ED-specific risk factors of suicidal behaviour are essential for preventing suicide and treating clinical risk factors in patients with EDs.

The Effect of Parental Remarriage following Parental Divorce on Offspring Suicide Attempt

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Lizardi ◽  
Ronald G. Thompson ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Parental divorce during childhood is associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts for male but not female offspring. This study examines whether parental remarriage has a differential effect on suicide risk for male and female adult offspring. Using the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), the sample consists of respondents who experienced parental divorce ( N = 6,436). Multivariable regressions were estimated. Females who lived with a stepparent were significantly more likely to report a lifetime suicide attempt compared with females who had not. Clinicians should note that female depressed patients who have a history of childhood parental divorce and remarriage may be at more risk for suicide attempt than previously recognized.

Suicide in Developing Countries (2)

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract. The majority of studies on risk factors for suicide have been conducted in developed countries, and less work has been done to systematically profile risk factors in developing countries. The current paper presents a selective review of sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental/situational risk factors in developing countries. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the profiles of risk factors in developing countries demonstrate some differences from those in developed countries. In some developing countries, at least, being female, living in a rural area, and holding religious beliefs that sanction suicide may be of more relevance to suicide risk than these factors are in developed countries. Conversely, being single or having a history of mental illness may be of less relevance. Risk factors that appear to be universal include youth or old age, low socioeconomic standing, substance use, and previous suicide attempts. Recent stressful life events play a role in both developing and developed countries, although their nature may differ (e.g., social change may have more of an influence in the former). Likewise, access to means heightens risk in both, but the specific means may vary (e.g., access to pesticides is of more relevance in developing countries). These findings have clear implications for suicide prevention, suggesting that preventive efforts that have shown promise in developed countries may need to be tailored differently to address the risk factor profile of developing countries.

scholarly journals Population frequency and risk factors for depression in Eastern Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
High Background ◽  
Population Frequency ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Increased Risk

The research is aimed to analysis of age-specific and gender-based risk factors for affective pathologies. Based on the population of the Kharkiv region, the population frequency of affective disorders was determined. It was calculated as probability for an individual to be affected throughout life and can be used for scientific purposes and genetic counseling. The age-specific cumulative frequencies were calculated, reflecting the risk for an individual to be affected in a specific period of life. They can be reference points in genealogical analysis. It has been shown that, despite a higher frequency in women, depressive disorders manifest earlier and tend to be more severe in men. That is, the female sex is a factor of increased risk, while affected men have a high background of genetic predisposition. To analyze risk factors, statistical material from specialized medical institutions of the Kharkiv region from 2010 to 2016 was used. The data were obtained from 1,199 patients who were hospitalized at the Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, that is, they had extremely severe degrees of affective disorder and, probably, had a more significant genetic component in the structure of individual predisposition. The proportion of hospitalized women (74.9 %) was three times higher than the proportion of men (25.1 %) that significantly differs from the population sex ratio and indicates that the female sex is a factor of increased risk for affective pathology. The age of onset for affective disorders was lower in men than in women: bipolar disorder in males manifests 6 years earlier than in females, depressive episode – 2 years, recurrent depression – 5 years, chronic mood disorders – 4 years. On average, the difference between age of onset in women (46.6 years, 95% CI 45.7–47.5) and men (42.7 years, 95% CI 41.0–44.3) is 4 years. The maximum risk of affective disorder in women is between the age of 50 and 60 years, in men there are two peaks – at 20–30 and 45–60 years. The population frequency, that is an indicator of the risk for an affective disorder in the population of the Kharkiv region, is 0.21 %. The probability of affective disorder for men is 0.15 %, for women this indicator is 1.7 times higher – 0.26 %.

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