scholarly journals Prefrontal white matter – the tissue of lies?

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Spence
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Normal Controls

Yang et al (2005, this issue) report what is probably the first structural neuroimaging study of lying. Adults were recruited from temporary employment agencies in Los Angeles. This will have been a complex and demanding study to perform; it has already yielded significant insights into the neural correlates of antisocial personalities drawn from that environment, indicating reduced prefrontal grey matter and diminished autonomic responsiveness (Raine et al, 2000). The current findings derive from a re-analysis of these data, themselves obtained from reliable blinded measurement of prefrontal white matter by magnetic resonance imaging. The groups were imperfectly matched on some variables (e.g. age), nevertheless, this did not detract significantly from the authors' findings: namely, greater prefrontal white matter volume among those identified as ‘liars' (relative to ‘antisocial’ and ‘normal’ controls).

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry in children with nonlesional epilepsy, does it help?

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Ali Abdelgawad ◽  
Samir M. Mounir ◽  
Marah M. Abdelhay ◽  
Mohammed A. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures. It affects up to 1% of the population worldwide. Children with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative (or “nonlesional”) focal epilepsy constitute the most challenging pharmacoresistant group undergoing pre-neurosurgical evaluation. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (VMRI) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique done to measure the volume and structure of specific regions of the brain. It is useful for many things, but primarily for discovering atrophy (wasting away of body tissue) and measuring its progression. The aim of this study is to assess role of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of nonlesional childhood epilepsy in which no specific findings detected in conventional MRI. Results There were 20 children with normal MRI brain volumetry (33.3%) and 40 children (66.6%) with abnormal MRI brain volumetry. Grey matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly higher (P value was 0.001*) than the normal group (mean ± S.D 934.04 ± 118.12 versus 788.57 ± 57.71 respectively). White matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 217.79 ± 65.22 versus 418.07 ± 103.76 respectively). Right hippocampus CA4-DG volume in the abnormal volume group was found to be significantly smaller (P value < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.095 ± 0.04 versus 0.32 ± 0.36 respectively). Right hippocampus subiculum volume in the abnormal volume group were found to be significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.42 ± 0.11 versus 0.84 ± 0.09 respectively). Thalamus volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value 0.048*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 10.235 ± 3.22 versus 11.82 ± 0.75 respectively). Right thalamus was significantly smaller (P value was 0.028*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 5.01 ± 1.62 versus 5.91 ± 0.39 respectively). The sensitivity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The sensitivity of white matter volume and grey matter volume and thalamus was 85% and 75% and 55% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 90% and 90% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG and grey matter volume and white matter volume and total hippocampus and thalamus was 100%. The specificity of brain volume was 60%. The accuracy of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The specificity of white matter volume, grey matter volume, thalamus, total hippocampus, and brain volume was 97%, 87%, 65%, 61%, and 57% respectively. Conclusion Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging technique that can provide assistance in evaluation of nonlesional pharmacoresistant childhood epilepsy.

scholarly journals White matter volume changes in people who develop psychosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
Alison R. Yung ◽  
Lisa J. Phillips ◽  
Dennis Velakoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Original Group ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
The Right

BackgroundGrey matter changes have been described in individuals who are pre- and peri-psychotic, but it is unclear if these changes are accompanied by changes in white matter structures.AimsTo determine whether changes in white matter occur prior to and with the transition to psychosis in individuals who are pre-psychotic who had previously demonstrated grey matter reductions in frontotemporal regions.MethodWe used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine regional white matter volume in 75 people with prodromal symptoms. A subset of the original group (n=21) were rescanned at 12–18 months to determine white matter volume changes. Participants were retrospectively categorised according to whether they had or had not developed psychosis at follow-up.ResultsComparison of the baseline MRI data from these two subgroups revealed that individuals who later developed psychosis had larger volumes of white matter in the frontal lobe, particularly in the left hemisphere. Longitudinal comparison of data in individuals who developed psychosis revealed a reduction in white matter volume in the region of the left fronto-occipital fasciculus. Participants who had not developed psychosis showed no reductions in white matter volume but increases in a region subjacent to the right inferior parietal lobule.DiscussionThe reduction in volume of white matter near the left fronto-occipital fasciculus may reflect a change in this tract in association with the onset of frank psychosis.

scholarly journals Causal effect of atrial fibrillation on brain white or grey matter volume: A Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehoon Park ◽  
Soojin Lee ◽  
Yaerim Kim ◽  
Semin Cho ◽  
Kwangsoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and brain volume loss are prevalent in older individuals. Further study investigating the causal effect of AF on brain volume is warranted.MethodsThis study was a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The genetic instrument for AF was constructed from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis and included 537,409 individuals of European ancestry. The outcome summary statistics for quantile-normalized white or grey matter volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging were provided by the previous GWAS of 8426 white British UK Biobank participants. The main MR method was the inverse variance weighted method, supported by sensitivity MR analysis including MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. The causal estimates from AF to white or grey matter volume were further adjusted for effects of any stroke or ischemic stroke by multivariable MR analysis.ResultsA higher genetic predisposition for AF (one standard deviation increase) was significantly associated with lower white matter volume [beta −0.128 (−0.208, −0.048)] but not grey matter volume [beta −0.041 (−0.101, 0.018)], supported by all utilized sensitivity MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis indicated that AF is causally linked to lower white matter volume independent of the stroke effect.ConclusionsAF is a causative factor for white matter volume loss. The effect of AF on grey matter volume was inapparent in this study. A future trial is necessary to confirm whether appropriate AF management can be helpful in preventing cerebral white matter volume loss or related brain disorders in AF patients.

scholarly journals Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Yang ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Todd Lencz ◽  
Susan Bihrle ◽  
Lori Lacasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Normal Controls

BackgroundStudies have shown increased bilateral activation in the prefrontal cortex when normal individuals lie, but there have been no structural imaging studies of deceitful individuals.AimsTo assess whether deceitful individuals show structural abnormalities in prefrontal grey and white matter volume.MethodPrefrontal grey and white matter volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging in 12 individuals who pathologically lie, cheat and deceive (‘liars’), 16 antisocial controls and 21 normal controls.ResultsLiars showed a 22–26% increase in prefrontal white matter and a 36–42% reduction in prefrontal grey/white ratios compared with both antisocial controls and normal controls.ConclusionsThese findings provide the first evidence of a structural brain deficit in liars, they implicate the prefrontal cortex as an important (but not sole) component in the neural circuitry underlying lying and provide an initial neurobiological correlate of a deceitful personality.

scholarly journals Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rafal Zareba ◽  
Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽  
Tadeusz Marek ◽  
Ewa Beldzik ◽  
Halszka Oginska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Anatomical Basis

Abstract Humans can be classified as early, intermediate and late chronotypes based on the preferred sleep and wakefulness patterns. The anatomical basis of these distinctions remains largely unexplored. Using magnetic resonance imaging data from 113 healthy young adults (71 females), we aimed to replicate cortical thickness and grey matter volume chronotype differences reported earlier in the literature using a greater sample size, as well as to explore the volumetric white matter variation linked to contrasting circadian phenotypes. Instead of comparing the chronotypes, we correlated the individual chronotype scores with their morphometric brain measures. The results revealed one cluster in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri showing increased cortical thickness with increasing preference for eveningness, potentially providing an anatomical substrate for chronotype-sensitive affective processing. No significant results were found for grey and white matter volume. We failed to replicate cortical thickness and volumetric grey matter distinctions in the brain regions reported in the literature. Furthermore, we found no association between white matter volume and chronotype. Thus, while this study confirms that circadian preference is associated with specific structural substrates, it adds to the growing concerns that reliable and replicable neuroimaging research requires datasets much larger than those commonly used.

scholarly journals Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rafal Zareba ◽  
Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽  
Tadeusz Marek ◽  
Ewa Beldzik ◽  
Halszka Oginska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Anatomical Basis

Abstract Humans can be classified as early, intermediate and late chronotypes based on the preferred sleep and wakefulness patterns. The anatomical basis of these distinctions remains largely unexplored. Using magnetic resonance imaging data from 113 healthy young adults (71 females), we aimed to replicate cortical thickness and grey matter volume chronotype differences reported earlier in the literature using a greater sample size, as well as to explore the volumetric white matter variation linked to contrasting circadian phenotypes. Instead of comparing the chronotypes, we correlated the individual chronotype scores with their morphometric brain measures. The results revealed one cluster in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri showing increased cortical thickness with increasing preference for eveningness, potentially providing an anatomical substrate for chronotype-sensitive affective processing. No significant results were found for grey and white matter volume. We failed to replicate cortical thickness and volumetric grey matter distinctions in the brain regions reported in the literature. Furthermore, we found no association between white matter volume and chronotype. Thus, while this study confirms that circadian preference is associated with specific structural substrates, it adds to the growing concerns that reliable and replicable neuroimaging research requires datasets much larger than those commonly used.

Cognitive impairment in paediatric multiple sclerosis patients is not related to cortical lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Rocca ◽  
Ermelinda De Meo ◽  
Maria P Amato ◽  
Massimiliano Copetti ◽  
Lucia Moiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

We investigated the contribution of cortical lesions to cognitive impairment in 41 paediatric MS patients. Thirteen (32%) paediatric MS patients were considered as cognitively impaired. T2-hyperintense and T1-hypointense white matter lesion volumes did not differ between cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved MS patients. Cortical lesions number, cortical lesions volume and grey matter volume did not differ between cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved patients, whereas white matter volume was significantly lower in cognitively impaired versus cognitively preserved MS patients ( p=0.01). Contrary to adult MS, cortical lesions do not seem to contribute to cognitive impairment in paediatric MS patients, which is likely driven by white matter damage.

Grey matter volume in a large cohort of MS patients: relation to MRI parameters and disability

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1098-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan D Roosendaal ◽  
Kerstin Bendfeldt ◽  
Hugo Vrenken ◽  
Chris H Polman ◽  
Stefan Borgwardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Background: Although grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis is currently recognized, determinants of grey matter volume and its relationship with disability are not yet clear. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure grey and white matter volumes across different disease phenotypes; identify MRI parameters associated with grey matter volume; and study grey and white matter volume as explanatory variables for clinical impairment. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which MRI data of 95 clinically isolated syndrome, 657 relapsing–remitting, 125 secondary-progressive and 50 primary-progressive multiple sclerosis patients from three centres were acquired. Grey and white matter volumes were determined, together with T2 and T1 lesion volumes. Physical disability was assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, cognitive impairment with the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. Data were analysed using multiple regression. Results: Grey matter volume was lower in relapsing–remitting patients (mean [SD]: 0.80 [0.05] L) than in clinically isolated syndrome patients (0.82 [0.05] L), and even greater relative atrophy was found in secondary-progressive patients (0.77 [0.05] L). In contrast, white matter volume in secondary-progressive patients was comparable to that in relapsing–remitting patients. Grey matter volume was the strongest independent predictor of physical disability and cognitive impairment, and was associated with both T2 and T1 lesion volume. Conclusions: Our findings show that grey matter volume is lower in secondary-progressive than in relapsing–remitting disease. Grey matter volume explained physical and cognitive impairment better than white matter volume, and is itself associated with T2 and T1 lesion volume.

scholarly journals Application of voxel-based morphometric measurement to brain magnetic resonance imaging in children with non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Jia ◽  
XIAOHUI MA ◽  
JIAWEI LIANG ◽  
HAICHUN ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Central Gyrus

Abstract Background Congenital heart disease（CHD） is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal heart and/or vascular development in the fetus. In children with CHD, abnormalities in the development and function of the nervous system are common. At present, there is a lack of research on the preoperative neurological development and injury of young children with non-cyanotic CHD. The objective of the current study is to determine the changes in white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with noncyanotic CHD as compared with healthy controls. MethodsChildren diagnosed with non-cyanotic CHD on ultrasonography (n=54) and healthy control subjects (n=35) aged 1–3 years. Brain MRI was performed prior to surgery for CHD. The SPM v12 software was used to calculate the volumes of the gray matter, white matter, CSF, and the whole brain (sum of the gray-matter, white-matter, and CSF volumes). Volume differences between the two groups were analyzed. Voxelbased morphometry was used to compare specific brain regions with statistically significant atrophy.ResultsCompared with the control group, the study group had significantly reduced whole-brain white-matter volume (P<0.05), but similar whole-brain graymatter, CSF, and whole-brain volumes(P>0.05). As compared with the healthy controls, children with non-cyanotic CHD had mild atrophy in the white matter of the anterior central gyrus, the posterior central gyrus and the pulvinar. ConclusionsChildren with non-cyanotic CHD show decreased white-matter volume before surgery, and this volume reduction is mainly concentrated in the somatosensory and somatic motor nerve regions.

scholarly journals White Matter is Increased in the Brains of Adults With Neurofibromatosis 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Wang ◽  
Jan M. Friedman ◽  
Per Suppa ◽  
Ralph Buchert ◽  
Victor-Felix Mautner
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Total Brain

Abstract Background: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by increased Schwann cell proliferation in peripheral nerves. Several small studies of brain morphology in children with NF1 have found increased total brain volume, total white matter volume and/or corpus callosum area. Several studies (mostly in children with NF1) also attempted to correlate changes in brain morphology and volume with cognitive or behavioural abnormalities, though findings were inconsistent. We aimed to characterize alterations in brain volumes by three-dimensional (3D) MRI in adults with NF1 in major intracranial sub-regions. We also aimed to assess the effect of age on these volumes and correlated brain white matter and grey matter volumes with neuropsychometric findings in adults with NF1.Methods: We obtained brain volume measurements using 3D magnetic resonance imaging for 351 adults with NF1 and, as a comparison group, 43 adults with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) or Schwannomatosis. We assessed a subset of 19 adults with NF1 for clinical severity of NF1 features and neurological problems and conducted psychometric testing for attention deficiencies and intelligence quotient. We compared brain volumes between NF1 patients and controls and correlated volumetric measurements to clinical and psychometric features in the NF1 patients. Results:Total brain volume and total and regional white matter volumes were all significantly increased in adults with NF1. Grey matter volume decreased faster with age in adults with NF1 than in controls. Greater total brain volume and white matter volume were correlated with lower attention deficits and higher intelligence quotients in adults with NF1.Conclusion:Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dysregulation of brain myelin production is a cardinal manifestation of NF1 and that these white matter changes may be functionally important in affected adults.

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