scholarly journals Brain activation in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder during tasks of inhibitory control

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Woolley ◽  
Isobel Heyman ◽  
Mick Brammer ◽  
Ian Frampton ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Fmri Study

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be related to a dysfunction in frontostriatal pathways mediating inhibitory control. However, no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study has tested this in children.AimsTo test whether adolescents with OCD in partial remission would show abnormal frontostriatal brain activation during tasks of inhibition.MethodEvent-related fMRI was used to compare brain activation in 10 adolescent boys with OCD with that of 9 matched controls during three different tasks of inhibitory control.ResultsDuring a ‘stop’ task, participants with OCD showed reduced activation in right orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia; inhibition failure elicited mesial frontal underactivation. Task switching and interference inhibition were associated with attenuated activation in frontal, temporoparietal and cerebellar regions.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings support the hypothesis that paediatric OCD is characterised by a dysregulation of frontostriatothalamic brain regions necessary for motor inhibition, and also demonstrate dysfunction of temporoparietal and frontocerebellar attention networks during more cognitive forms of inhibition.

scholarly journals Brain Activation of Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During a Mental Rotation Task: A Functional MRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoon Oh ◽  
Wi Hoon Jung ◽  
Taekwan Kim ◽  
Geumsook Shim ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated alterations in frontostriatal and frontoparietal circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during various tasks. To date, however, brain activation for visuospatial function in conjunction with symptoms in OCD has not been comprehensively evaluated. To elucidate the relationship between neural activity, cognitive function, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, we investigated regional brain activation during the performance of a visuospatial task in patients with OCD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen medication-free patients with OCD and 21 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained while the subjects performed a mental rotation (MR) task. Brain activation during the task was compared between the two groups using a two-sample t-test. Voxel-wise whole-brain multiple regression analyses were also performed to examine the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and neural activity during the task. The two groups did not differ in MR task performance. Both groups also showed similar task-related activation patterns in frontoparietal regions with no significant differences. Activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with OCD during the MR task was positively associated with their total Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores. This study identified the specific brain areas associated with the interaction between symptom severity and visuospatial cognitive function during an MR task in medication-free patients with OCD. These findings may serve as potential neuromodulation targets for OCD treatment.

Brain Activation During Response Interference in Twins Discordant or Concordant for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk den Braber ◽  
Dennis van ‘t Ent ◽  
Danielle C. Cath ◽  
Dick J. Veltman ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

One of the core behavioral features associated with obsessive compulsive symptomatology is the inability to inhibit thoughts and/or behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in frontostriatal and dorsolateral prefrontal – anterior cingulate circuits during inhibitory control in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder compared with controls. In the present study, task performance and brain activation during Stroop color-word and Flanker interference were compared within monozygotic twin pairs discordant for obsessive compulsive symptoms and between groups of pairs scoring very low or very high on obsessive compulsive symptoms, in order to examine the differential impact of non-shared environmental versus genetic risk factors for obsessive compulsive symptomatology on inhibitory control related functional brain activation. Although performance was intact, brain activation during inhibition of distracting information differed between obsessive compulsive symptom high-scoring compared to low-scoring subjects. Regions affected in the discordant group (e.g., temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus) were partly different from those observed to be affected in the concordant groups (e.g., parietal gyrus and thalamus). A robust increase in dorsolateral prefrontal activity during response interference was observed in both the high-scoring twins of the discordant sample and the high-scoring twins of the concordant sample, marking this structure as a possible key region for disturbances in inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Hypothesis-Driven Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M Vaghi ◽  
T. W Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Experimental Level

The neurobiological basis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been probed using functional magnetic resonance in hundreds of studies over three decades. This complex literature can be syntheized using a theory-informed approach. At a theoretical level, separable, independent, constructs of relevance to OCD have been identified. At the experimental level, extensive translational evidence has provided an account that relates specific brain systems to these neuropsychological constructs. Parallels between neural substrates implicated in OCD and functional specialization of different brain regions suggest that abnormalities within fronto-striatal circuitry impinge on executive functions, and their subcomponents, and on goal-directed learning and habit formation. In OCD, this is reflected at a functional level in patterns of abnormal activations in particular brain regions during specific cognitive tasks. However, many issues still need to be addressed. The authors suggest that the experimental context might represent a pivotal variable that should be taken into account.

Long-term Electrical Capsular Stimulation in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Nuttin ◽  
Loes A. Gabriëls ◽  
Paul R. Cosyns ◽  
Björn A. Meyerson ◽  
Sergej Andréewitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Positron Emission Tomographic ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract OBJECTIVE Because of the irreversibility of lesioning procedures and their possible side effects, we studied the efficacy of replacing bilateral anterior capsulotomy with chronic electrical capsular stimulation in patients with severe, long-standing, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHODS We stereotactically implanted quadripolar electrodes in both anterior limbs of the internal capsules into six patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatrists and psychologists performed a double-blind clinical assessment. A blinded random crossover design was used to assess four of those patients, who underwent continuous stimulation thereafter. RESULTS The psychiatrist-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score was lower in the stimulation-on condition (mean, 19.8 ± 8.0) than in the postoperative stimulator-off condition (mean, 32.3 ± 3.9), and this stimulation-induced effect was maintained for at least 21 months after surgery. The Clinical Global Severity score decreased from 5 (severe; standard deviation, 0) in the stimulation-off condition to 3.3 (moderate to moderate-severe; standard deviation, 0.96) in the stimulation-on condition. The Clinical Global Improvement scores were unchanged in one patient and much improved in the other three during stimulation. During the stimulation-off period, symptom severity approached baseline levels in the four patients. Bilateral stimulation led to increased signal on functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, especially in the pons. Digital subtraction analysis of preoperative [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomographic scans and positron emission tomographic scans obtained after 3 months of stimulation showed decreased frontal metabolism during stimulation. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that capsular stimulation reduces core symptoms 21 months after surgery in patients with severe, long-standing, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. The stimulation elicited changes in regional brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electrophysiological Techniques: Technical Case Report

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ONSE367-ONSE368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Baker ◽  
Brian H. Kopell ◽  
Donald Malone ◽  
Craig Horenstein ◽  
Mark Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Objective And Importance: To demonstrate the pattern of activation associated with electrical stimulation through bilateral deep brain stimulation electrodes placed within the anterior limb of the internal capsule to the level of the ventral striatum for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinical Presentation: A 44-year-old man with a 26-year history of obsessive-compulsive disorder underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and deep brain stimulation-evoked cortical potential testing after bilateral implantation of deep brain stimulation leads. Stimulation was delivered independently through the distal two contacts of each percutaneously extended lead using an external pulse generator. On postoperative Day 2, we used a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance system to measure changes in the fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent signal using stimulation parameters that were predetermined to demonstrate behavioral effects. Intervention: All studies were well tolerated. Trial stimulations performed intraoperatively as well as on postsurgical Day 1 were associated with acutely elevated mood and reduced anxiety. Although the benefit achieved acutely was relatively symmetric between the bilaterally placed leads, follow-up programming showed a clear advantage to right-sided stimulation. Three of the four fMRI trials demonstrated good activation, with the fourth being moderately corrupted by motion artifact. The beneficial effects observed with right-sided stimulation were associated with activation of the ipsilateral head of the caudate, medial thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex as well as the contralateral cerebellum. The distribution of the cortical evoked potentials was consistent with the locus of cortical activation observed with fMRI. Conclusion: High-frequency stimulation via a lead placed in the anterior limb of the internal capsule induced widespread hemodynamic changes at both the cortical and subcortical levels including areas typically associated with the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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