Population prevalence of depression and mean Beck Depression Inventory score

BackgroundFor some phenomena the mean of population distributions predicts the proportion of people exceeding a threshold value.AimsTo investigate whether in depression, too, the population mean predicts the number of individuals at the extreme end of the distribution.MethodWe used data from the European Outcome in Depression International Network (ODIN) study from populations in Finland, Norway and the UK to create models that predicted the prevalence of depression based on the mean Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score. The models were tested on data from Ireland and Spain.ResultsMean BDI score correlated well with the prevalence of depression determined by clinical interviews. A model based on the beta distribution best fitted the BDI distribution. Both models predicted the depression prevalence in Ireland and Spain fairly well.ConclusionsThe mean of a continuous population distribution of mood predicts the prevalence of depression. Characteristics of both individuals and populations determine depression rates.

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Aktivitätskonzentration der vom Personal einer Radiojodtherapiestation eingeatmeten Luft

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1628879 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (03) ◽

pp. 143-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Fill ◽

M. Oberladstätter ◽

J. W. Krzesniak

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Whole Body ◽

Therapeutic Activity ◽

External Radiation ◽

Oral Application ◽

Exhaled Air ◽

The Mean

The mean activity concentration of1311 during inhalation by the nuclear medicine personnel was measured at therapeutic activity applications of 22 GBq (600 mCi) per week. The activity concentration reached its maximum in the exhaled air of the patients 2.5 to 4 hours after oral application. The normalized maximum was between 2 • 10−5 and 2 • 10−3 Bq-m−3 per administered Bq. The mean activity concentration of1311 inhaled by the personnel was 28 to 1300 Bq-m−3 (0.8 to 35 nCi-rrf−3). From this the1311 uptake per year was estimated to be 30 to 400 kBq/a (x̄ = 250, SD = 50%). The maximum permitted uptake from air per year is, according to the German and Austrian radiation protection ordinances 22/21 µiCi/a (= 8 • 105 Bq/a). At maximum 50% and, on the average, 30% of this threshold value are reached. The length of stay of the personnel in the patient rooms is already now limited to such an extent that 10% of the maximum permissible whole-body dose for external radiation is not exceeded. Therefore, increased attention should be paid also to radiation exposure by inhalation.

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Survival analysis of a stochastic delay single-species system in polluted environment with psychological effect and pulse toxicant input

Advances in Difference Equations ◽

10.1186/s13662-020-02932-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangjun Dai ◽

Suli Wang ◽

Weizhi Xiong ◽

Ni Li

Keyword(s):

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Single Species ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Psychological Effect ◽

Polluted Environment ◽

Population System ◽

Stochastic Delay ◽

Species Population ◽

The Mean ◽

Single Species Population

Abstract We propose and study a stochastic delay single-species population system in polluted environment with psychological effect and pulse toxicant input. We establish sufficient conditions for the extinction, nonpersistence in the mean, weak persistence, and strong persistence of the single-species population and obtain the threshold value between extinction and weak persistence. Finally, we confirm the efficiency of the main results by numerical simulations.

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The impact of symptoms on quality of life before and after diagnosis of coeliac disease: the results from a Polish population survey and comparison with the results from the United Kingdom

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01673-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emilia Majsiak ◽

Magdalena Choina ◽

Dominik Golicki ◽

Alastair M. Gray ◽

Bożena Cukrowska

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Coeliac Disease ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background Coeliac disease (CD) is characterised by diverse clinical symptoms, which may cause diagnostic problems and reduce the patients’ quality of life. A study conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) revealed that the mean time between the onset of coeliac symptoms and being diagnosed was above 13 years. This study aimed to analyse the diagnostic process of CD in Poland and evaluate the quality of life of patients before and after CD diagnosis. In addition, results were compared to the results of the original study conducted in the UK. Methods The study included 2500 members of the Polish Coeliac Society. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic factors, clinical aspects and quality of life, using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Questionnaires received from 796 respondents were included in the final analysis. Results The most common symptoms reported by respondents were bloating (75%), abdominal pain (72%), chronic fatigue (63%) and anaemia (58%). Anaemia was the most persistent symptom, with mean duration prior to CD diagnosis of 9.2 years, whereas diarrhoea was observed for the shortest period (4.7 years). The mean duration of any symptom before CD diagnosis was 7.3 years, compared to 13.2 years in the UK. CD diagnosis and the introduction of a gluten-free diet substantially improved the quality of life in each of the five EQ-5D-5L health dimensions: pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression, usual activities, self-care and mobility (p < 0.001), the EQ-Index by 0.149 (SD 0.23) and the EQ-VAS by 30.4 (SD 28.3) points. Conclusions Duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis of CD in Poland, although shorter than in the UK, was long with an average of 7.3 years from first CD symptoms. Faster CD diagnosis after the onset of symptoms in Polish respondents may be related to a higher percentage of children in the Polish sample. Introduction of a gluten-free diet improves coeliac patients’ quality of life. These results suggest that doctors should be made more aware of CD and its symptoms across all age groups.

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Necrotising (malignant) otitis externa in the UK: a growing problem. Review of five cases and analysis of national Hospital Episode Statistics trends

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221511500105x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 600-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G Chawdhary ◽

N Liow ◽

J Democratis ◽

O Whiteside

Keyword(s):

Otitis Externa ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Catchment Population ◽

Malignant Otitis Externa ◽

The Mean ◽

The Uk ◽

High Index Of Suspicion ◽

Park Hospital

AbstractBackground:Necrotising (malignant) otitis externa is a severe infection causing temporal bone osteomyelitis. Although rare, our experience (reported herein) shows local doubling of cases in 2013. Hospital Episodes Statistics data for England over 14 years also indicate increased incidence nationally. Specific learning points in management are also discussed.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of patients admitted in 2013 to Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, UK (catchment population, 450 000). In addition, the UK Government Hospital Episodes Statistics data were interrogated.Results:There were five cases of necrotising (malignant) otitis externa in 2013, representing a local doubling on previous years. The mean age of patients was 82 years. All cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa; no isolates were antibiotic resistant. All patients responded to systemic anti-pseudomonals on clinical, biochemical and radiological parameters. Hospital Episodes Statistics data showed a six-fold increase in the number of cases from 1999 (n = 67) to 2013 (n = 421).Conclusion:Our experience suggests increasing necrotising (malignant) otitis externa incidence, and retrospective analysis of Hospital Episodes Statistics data supports this observation. Necrotising (malignant) otitis externa poses challenges in management, as exemplified in our cases, requiring a high index of suspicion and early aggressive treatment to achieve cure.

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Research on Human Travel Correlation for Urban Transport Planning Based on Multisource Data

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21010195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Hua Chen ◽

Ming Cai ◽

Chen Xiong

Keyword(s):

Travel Demand ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Urban Transport ◽

License Plate ◽

Traffic Patterns ◽

Trajectory Data ◽

Transport Planning ◽

Population Distributions ◽

Single Dataset

With the rapid development of positioning techniques, a large amount of human travel trajectory data is collected. These datasets have become an effective data resource for obtaining urban traffic patterns. However, many traffic analyses are only based on a single dataset. It is difficult to determine whether a single-dataset-based result can meet the requirement of urban transport planning. In response to this problem, we attempted to obtain traffic patterns and population distributions from the perspective of multisource traffic data using license plate recognition (LPR) data and cellular signaling (CS) data. Based on the two kinds of datasets, identification methods of residents’ travel stay point are proposed. For LPR data, it was identified based on different vehicle speed thresholds at different times. For CS data, a spatiotemporal clustering algorithm based on time allocation was proposed to recognize it. We then used the correlation coefficient r and the significance test p-values to analyze the correlations between the CS and LPR data in terms of the population distribution and traffic patterns. We studied two real-world datasets from five working days of human mobility data and found that they were significantly correlated for the stay and move population distributions. Then, the analysis scale was refined to hour level. We also found that they still maintain a significant correlation. Finally, the origin–destination (OD) matrices between traffic analysis zones (TAZs) were obtained. Except for a few TAZs with poor correlations due to the fewer LPR records, the correlations of the other TAZs remained high. It showed that the population distribution and traffic patterns computed by the two datasets were fairly similar. Our research provides a method to improve the analysis of complex travel patterns and behaviors and provides opportunities for travel demand modeling and urban transport planning. The findings can also help decision-makers understand urban human mobility and can serve as a guide for urban management and transport planning.

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Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs211592333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2333-2336

Author(s):

Anum Arif ◽

Minahil Iram ◽

Sabih Nofal ◽

Aima Sohail ◽

Bismah Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Students ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Interns And Residents ◽

The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in medical students, interns, and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Doctors studying and practicing in the private sector have a higher DASS21 score (p = < 0.006) Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

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Survey of the Use of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Cholesteatoma in the United Kingdom

ORL ◽

10.1159/000516242 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sunil Dutt Sharma ◽

Ahmad Hariri ◽

Ravi Kumar Lingam ◽

Arvind Singh

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

British Society ◽

Petrous Apex ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Head And Neck Imaging ◽

The Mean ◽

The Uk

Background: Non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted MRI (DWMRI) has a role in the surgical planning for cholesteatoma. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the use of DWMRI in the management of cholesteatoma across the UK, and measure clinicians’ confidence in the use of DWMRI. Materials and Methods: Telephone survey in 139 Otolaryngology Departments in the United Kingdom between March 2017 and July 2017, and asking radiology delegates at the British Society of Head and Neck Imaging 2017 meeting. Results: The response rate was 101 out of 139 Trusts (73%). Of those respondents who did have DWMRI available, 68/88 respondents (77%) use it for cholesteatoma. The mean confidence (±standard deviation) of the respondents with DWMRI in identifying cholesteatoma presence was 7.3 ± 2.1, in identifying volume of cholesteatoma was 6.8 ± 1.8, and in identifying subsites of cholesteatoma was 4.6 ± 2.1. Conclusions and Significance: DWMRI has a well-defined role in the follow-up of patients after cholesteatoma surgery, and those primary cases of cholesteatoma where the diagnosis is in question. The use of DWMRI for cholesteatoma is variable across the UK, but there are certain clinical scenarios where there is not enough awareness regarding the benefits of imaging (such as petrous apex cases of cholesteatoma).

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Retirement intentions of older consultant psychiatrists

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.28.4.130 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 130-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alex Mears ◽

Tim Kendall ◽

Cornelius Katona ◽

Carole Pashley ◽

Sarah Pajak

Keyword(s):

Early Retirement ◽

Response Rate ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Consultant Psychiatrist ◽

Health Officer ◽

Decisions To Leave ◽

The Mean ◽

The Uk ◽

Retirement Intentions

Aims and MethodThis survey gathered data on the retirement intentions of consultant psychiatrists over the age of 50 years, in order to address retention issues. A questionnaire was sent to all 1438 consultants over this age in the UK.ResultsA total of 848 questionnaires were returned, an adjusted response rate of 59%. The mean age at which consultants intended to retire in this sample was 60 years (s.d. 4.16), suggesting a potential loss of 5725 consultant years. Reasons for early retirement are complex: factors encouraging retirement include too much bureaucracy, lack of free time and heavy case-loads; those discouraging retirement include enjoyment of work, having a good team and money. Mental Health Officer status is an important determinant in the decision to retire early.Clinical ImplicationsWith numerous vacancies in consultant psychiatrist posts throughout the UK, premature retirement is a cause for concern, possibly contributing to an overall reduction in consultant numbers of 5%. Addressing factors that influence consultants' decisions to leave the health service early should form an important part of an overall strategy to increase consultant numbers.

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Variability in Pavement Design

International Journal on Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology ◽

10.1515/ijpeat-2015-0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 50-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paola Dalla Valle ◽

Nick Thom

Keyword(s):

Pavement Design ◽

Pavement Performance ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Probability Density Distribution ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

The Subject ◽

The Mean ◽

Subgrade Modulus ◽

Input Variables ◽

The Uk

Abstract This paper presents the results of a review on variability of key pavement design input variables (asphalt modulus and thickness, subgrade modulus) and assesses effects on pavement performance (fatigue and deformation life). Variability is described by statistical terms such as mean and standard deviation and by its probability density distribution. The subject of reliability in pavement design has pushed many highway organisations around the world to review their design methodologies, mainly empirical, to move towards mechanistic-empirical analysis and design which provide the tools for the designer to evaluate the effect of variations in materials on pavement performance. This research has reinforced this need for understanding how the variability of design parameters affects the pavement performance. This study has only considered flexible pavements. The sites considered for the analysis, all in the UK (including Northern Ireland), were mainly motorways or major trunk roads. Pavement survey data analysed were for Lane 1, the most heavily trafficked lane. Sections 1km long were considered wherever possible. Statistical characterisation of the variation of layer thickness, asphalt stiffness and subgrade stiffness is addressed. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out to assess which parameter(s) have the greater influence on the pavement life. The research shows that, combining the effect of all the parameters considered, the maximum range of 15th and 85th percentiles (as percentages of the mean) was found to be 64% to 558% for the fatigue life and 94% to 808% for the deformation life.

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Sporadic Schwannomatosis: A Systematic Review Following the 2005 Consensus Statement

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A Central European Neurosurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655548 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (05) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Victor ◽

Thibault Poujade ◽

Nadine Hollevoet ◽

Gregoire Chick

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Consensus Statement ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Spinal Tumors ◽

The Mean ◽

Tumor Distribution ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Number Of Individuals

Aims To identify the frequency of reports of sporadic schwannomatosis, the types of patients affected, and the nerves affected. Patients and Methods We identified all case reports and case series that reported on patients with sporadic schwannomatosis according to established criteria. Results The initial search yielded 1,597 studies, of which 15 were included. A total of 38 of 55 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 48 years; 41% were male. Thirty-three patients had peripheral nerve tumors, and 17 had spinal tumors. Twelve had tumors in both locations. Tumor distribution was unilateral in 25 of 30 cases (83.3%) and segmental (limited to one limb or five or fewer contiguous segments of the spine) in 28 of 38 cases (73.7%). Conclusion This systematic review quantified the number of individuals who meet the criteria for sporadic schwannomatosis and better described this population to facilitate the classification of neurofibromatosis in regard to the 2005 consensus statement. Unilateral or segmental distribution of nerve tumors are key aspects when dealing with multiple noncutaneous schwannomas without involvement of the vestibular nerve.

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