No One Is Leaving This Time: Appraisal of Awareness and Knowledge of Port Health Officers on International Health Regulation IHR (2005)

Background: Historically, ships have played an important role in transmitting infectious diseases around the world. The spread of cholera pandemics in the 19th century was thought to be linked to trade routes and facilitated by merchant shipping. The international maritime traffic of people and goods has often contributed to the spread of pathogens affecting public health. Objectives: To assess level of awareness and knowledge of international Health regulation (IHR 2005) content among port health officer Methods: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional evaluation, questionnaires were used to capture the respondents knowledge, awareness and sanitary condition of ship in accordance with (IHR 2005) Results: On awareness and knowledge, Majority of the respondent (77.1%) demonstrate good awareness of the IHR (2005), while 22.9% had not and some even testified of hearing the said document for the first time. Despite the fact that majority of respondent were aware but only 24.6% of them can actually demonstrate good knowledge of IHR (2005) and its intent to protect and prevent spread of disease along the international route. Conclusion: There is need to improve the knowledge of port health officers by expand training and guidance on application of the IHRs to frontline officer at point of entries. Also ensure more thorough inspection and avoid influence of ship agent during inspection of ship.

Experiences of Healthcare Workers of Hospitalised Individuals with covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

Background: Management of patients with covid-19 needing hospitalisation is challenging worldwide. However, little or no information has been gathered regarding the experiences of healthcare workers (hcw s) involved in the care of patients with covid-19 in poorly resourced settings. This study explored the experiences of hcw s managing hospitalised patients with covid-19 in a treatment centre in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: hcw s directly or indirectly involved in managing patients with covid-19 in one of the two treatment centres in Kano, Nigeria, were sampled based on being information-rich cases. The study participants were interviewed individually via telephone using a semi-structured interview guide. Data collection was stopped when content saturation was attained. Data was analysed using thematic synthesis. Results: Eleven hcw s, comprising two medical doctors, five nurses, a laboratory staff member, a community health extension worker, an environmental health officer and a cleaner, participated in this study. Four major themes were generated: (i) the profile and readiness of hcw s prior to being engaged to work in a covid-19 treatment centre, (ii) the experience of hcw s while working in the covid-19 treatment wards, (iii) challenges with working in covid-19 treatment wards, and (iv) post-treatment support for covid-19 patients. The participants had variable prior experience in managing patients with infectious diseases. Interventions offered were mainly antiviral therapy, nursing care, counselling, nutritional interventions and toilet hygiene. Challenges encountered included insufficient cooperation from patients, poor personnel welfare, lack of human resources/equipment and issues interfering with wellbeing (stigma). Conclusion: The studied population exhibited professional competence and success in managing hospitalised patients with covid-19 during hospitalisation, despite existing challenges.

Constituting good health citizenship through British Columbia’s COVID-19 public updates

The COVID-19 pandemic has augmented discourses of individual citizen responsibility for collective health. This article explores how British Columbia, Canada’s widely praised COVID-19 communication participates in the development of neo-communitarian “active citizenship” governmentalities focused on the civic duty of voluntarily taking responsibility for the health of one’s community. We do so by investigating how public health updates from BC’s acclaimed Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry articulate this civic imperative through the rhetorical constitution of the “good covid citizen.” Our rhetorical analysis shows how this pro-social communication interpellates citizens within a discourse of behavioral, epistemic, and ethical responsibilisation. The communal ethos constituted through this public health communication significantly increases the burden of personal responsibility for health beyond norms of self-care. Making the protection of community health primarily the responsibility of individual citizens also presumes a privileged identity of empowered, active agency and implicitly excludes citizens who lack the means to successfully fulfill the expectations of good covid citizenship.

AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT AMONG COMMUNITY HEALTH OFFICER (CHO) TRAINEES AT BABA RAGHAV DAS MEDICAL COLLEGE GORAKHPUR, UP, INDIA

Background: Basic life support (BLS) with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provided at the right time greatly improves survival following cardiac arrest. Adequate knowledge and skills related to BLS are essential requisites for Health care workers. This study was aimed to explore the awareness, knowledge and attitudes related to Basic Life Support among Community Health Officer (CHO) Trainees at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India. Methods: After approval from Institute Ethical Committee and informed consent from the participant, the present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 CHO Trainees at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, in November 2019, using a self-administered pretested, semi-structured questionnaire based on knowledge and attitude of BLS and CPR. Results: Majority of participants had poor to good knowledge about CPR. None of the participants were able to answer all the questions correctly. Main source of information was lectures in classes, YouTube videos and healthcare workers. Majority of participants have overall positive attitude for providing basic life support to victims. Conclusions: This study has highlighted a critical issue that a majority of trainees have limited knowledge about CPR. We recommend the mandatory implementation of CPR and basic life-support training for all Health care workers across India, and the need for incorporation of the BLS teaching into their curriculum and reinforcement and refresher courses at frequent intervals. Key words: Basic life support (BLS), Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), emergency medical services (EMS), American Heart Association (AHA), Compressions Only Life Support (COLS), Community health officer (CHO)

Individual and facility-level factors associated with women’s receipt of immediate postpartum family planning counseling in Ethiopia: results from national surveys of women and health facilities

Background Immediate postpartum family planning (IPPFP) helps prevent unintended and closely spaced pregnancies. Despite Ethiopia’s rising facility-based delivery rate and supportive IPPFP policies, the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use remains low, with little known about disparities in access to IPPFP counseling. We sought to understand if women’s receipt of IPPFP counseling varied by individual and facility characteristics. Methods We used weighted linked household and facility data from the national Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-Ethiopia) study. Altogether, 936 women 5–9 weeks postpartum who delivered at a government facility were matched to the nearest facility offering labor and delivery care, corresponding to the facility type in which each woman reported delivering (n = 224 facilities). We explored women’s receipt of IPPFP counseling and individual and facility-level characteristics utilizing descriptive statistics. The relationship between women’s receipt of IPPFP counseling and individual and facility factors were assessed through multivariate, multilevel models. Results Approximately one-quarter of postpartum women received IPPFP counseling (27%) and most women delivered government health centers (59%). Nearly all facilities provided IPPFP services (94%); most had short- and long-acting methods available (71 and 87%, respectively) and no recent stockouts (60%). Multivariate analyses revealed significant disparities in IPPFP counseling with lower odds of counseling among primiparous women, those who delivered vaginally, and women who did not receive delivery care from a doctor or health officer (all p < 0.05). Having never used contraception was marginally associated with lower odds of receiving IPPFP counseling (p < 0.10). IPPFP counseling did not differ by age, residence, method availability, or facility type, after adjusting for other individual and facility factors. Conclusion Despite relatively widespread availability of IPPFP services in Ethiopia, receipt of IPPFP counseling remains low. Our results highlight important gaps in IPPFP care, particularly among first-time mothers, women who have never used contraception, women who delivered vaginally, and those who did not receive delivery care from a doctor or health officer. As facility births continue to rise in Ethiopia, health systems and providers must ensure that equitable, high-quality IPPFP services are offered to all women.

Criminal Law Policy Enforcement Against the Perpetrators of Forcibly Picking up the Covid-19 Infected Patient Corpse on This Pandemic at Hospital

This research aims to cover the strategic forms of criminal law policy enforcement to prevent and overcome the covid-19 corpses who were forced picked up in this pandemic at a hospital and its obstacle. The method used in this research is a normative juridical and empirical juridical approach. This research shows that the strategic form of criminal law policy enforcement prioritize more and apply the persuasive approach with negotiation and not using the criminal law policy against the family of the deceased person who forcibly picked and the society which refused to bury the covid1-19 patient. The obstacle faced are: from law substance which not done well on its application; limitation of the security, helplessness of the health officer on facing the pressure and threat, limitation of officer; limitation of facilities and infrastructure which owned by the hospital, police officer, and covid-19 officer (Satgas), the minimum knowledge of the society about the danger of covid-19, minimum of socialization; and the existence of people's habits which not following the strict health protocol, not using a medical mask, and keep a distance.

Analysis On Village Readiness In The Acceleration Of Open Defecation Free Achievement Status Based On Stimulus, Organism, And Response Approach

Introduction: Open Defecation Free (ODF) is a condition in the community that has carried out total sanitation and does no more Open Defecation (OD). Dukuh Village was chosen as the research location because it was a village with the highest OD in Ngadiluwih, Kediri. This high rate of OD is caused by a lack of public awareness about the importance of sanitation. This research was conducted to analyze the village readiness to accelerate ODF status in Dukuh Village.Methods: This study was done in a qualitative method with a single holistic case study design using Stimulus-Organism-Response theory. The key informants of this study were five persons:1) the Head of Dukuh Village, 2) the environmental health officer of Wonorejo Community Health Center, 3) Dukuh Village community leader and 4) the community representatives who still defecated, and 5) no more defecated in an open area after triggering activities. They were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion, and documents review. Data analysis was done through the Spradley model, scoring and categorizing village readiness using the scales of Aydin and Tasci.Results: Five main problems were the lack of funds for the ODF program, poor socialization, low Clean and Healthy Behavior, lack of roles from community leaders, and limited land for latrine construction. Based on the analysis of village readiness in achieving the ODF program using the Aydin & Tasci scale, the obtained score was 2.1. This score indicated that Dukuh Village was not ready yet and a lot of system improvements[h1] were needed.Conclusion: Dukuh Village was not ready yet for the ODF program and need a lot of system improvements. It was recommended to make village policies, create working groups, and maximizing socialization.

Fifth’s disease in children and role of community health officer

Fifth’s disease it is more common condition in children’s age group of 5 to 15 years old and some time it will be sever in pregnant women and individual with compromised immune system. It is also named as erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek disease and most common cause is par virus B19. This is airborne virus leads to spread through saliva and respiratory secretions among children who are in elementary school period. This condition is more common during winter, spring early summer but it may spread at any time have been happens at any age group. The most common clinical symptoms are like distinctive red rash on the face that makes a child appear to have a slapped cheek and a few days later, the rash spreads down to the trunk, arms, and legs and it usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks and along with we can see head ache, fatigue, low-grade fever, sore throat, nausea, runny nose. In this kind of conditions at community level the community health officer who is in-charge of health and wellness center must diagnose the disease by clinical examination of the child and send for the specific clinical antibody test. To have relieve from those clinical symptoms must use acetaminophen that is Tylenol and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can be administered. This treatment is usually reserved for severe, life-threatening cases. The community health officer must advice non pharmacological methods like tacking adequate rest, drinking plenty of water and adequate nutrition, supplementary fluids.

Do the port health officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airports and Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airports have sufficient knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding emergency landing?

Background: : Emergency landing as an airport emergency requires quick and precise action by Port Health Office (PHO) as the medical coordinator. Medical treatment in an emergency landing is critical for the safety of disaster victims, based on the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of airport PHO officers. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and behavior of PHO officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (SOETTA) and Zainuddin Abdul Majid International Airport (ZAM) regarding emergency landings. Methods: This is an observational applying cross sectional design. Ninety-eight PHO officers from SOETTA airport and ZAM airport have participated, and their data was collected through questionnaires, and then analyzed based on knowledge, attitude, and practice toward emergency landing. Results: The knowledge of SOETTA PHO officers was sufficient in 63.5% officers, while it was 79.2% in ZAM. SOETTA PHO officers’ attitude was positive in 67.6% while in ZAM it was 54.16%. The behavior of SOETTA PHO officers was good in 55.4% officers while in ZAM it was 75%. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of SOETTA and ZAM PHO officers regarding emergency landings was sufficient. The attitude of SOETTA and ZAM PHO officers regarding emergency landings was positive. The behavior of SOETTA and ZAM PHO officers was good for emergency landings. Keywords: emergency landing, port health officer, knowledge, attitudes and practice Abstrak Latar belakang: Emergency landing sebagai salah satu keadaan darurat bandara memerlukan tindakan yang cepat dan tepat oleh Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) sebagai koordinator medis. Penanganan medis dalam emergency landing sangat menentukan keselamatan dan keamanan korban, yang berbasis pada pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petugas KKP bandara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku petugas KKP Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta (SOETTA) dan Bandara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Majid (ZAM) terhadap emergency landing. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah sebuah studi obervasional dengan disain potong lintang. Sembilan puluh delapan petugas KKP dari 74 bandara SOETTA dan 24 bandara ZAM diambil datanya lewat kuesioner.dan selanjutnya dinilai pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terhadap emergency landing. Hasil: Sebanyak 63,5% petugas KKP SOETTA memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup sementara 79,2% petugas ZAM meiliki pengetahuan yang tergolong cukup. Untuk hasil sikap petugas KPP SOETTA yang tergolong positif 67,6% sementara di ZAM sikap petugas KPP yang tergolong positif 54,16%. Untuk hasil perilaku petugas KPP SOETTA yang tergolong baik 55,4% sementara di ZAM perilaku petugas KPP yang tergolong baik 75%. Kesimpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan petugas KKP SOETTA dan petugas KKP ZAM terhadap emergency landing tergolong cukup. Sikap petugas KKP SOETTA dan ZAM terhadap penanganan emergency landing positif. Perilaku petugas KKP SOETTA dan ZAM cukup baik terhadap emergency landing. Kata kunci: emergency landing; petugas KKP; pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku